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Effects of Non-ionizing radiation &
its control measures
Prepared by : -HITARTH MEHTA
MIHS DEPT.08IH06
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CAUTION:
RadioactiveMaterial
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Outline
Types of Radiation
Definition of Non-ionizing radiation
Ionizing vs. Nonionizing Radiation
Classes of non-ir
Effects of non-ir
Its control measures
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1 1 1 1 1 10 101 10 101 1 1
INFRAREDULTRAVIOLET
VISIBLE
COSMIC
GAMMA RAYS
HARD-XRAYS-SOFT
VUVUV
INFRARED RADARFM
TV
SW
BROADCAST
POWERTRANS
FREQUENCY ( Hz )
RADIATIONRADIATION
10- 10- 10- 10- 10- 101010- 101010- 10- 1 WAVE LENGTH IN METRE
1CM 1 M1KM
1UM1 ANG1 X-UNIT
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Types of Radiation
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difference
differenceIonizing radiation Non-Ionizing radiation
Higher energyelectromagnetic waves
High enough energy topull electron from orbit
Alpha particles, Betaparticles, Neutrons ,Gamma radiation , X-radiation
Lower energyelectromagnetic waves
Not enough energy topull electron from orbit,but can excite theelectron
Visible light ,Microwaves, VideoDisplay Terminals, Power
lines ,Radiofrequency,
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NON IONIZING RADIATIONNON IONIZING RADIATION
The electromagnetic rays that do not havesufficient energy to dislodge electrons in thebody.
includes all kinds of electromagneticradiations with frequencies
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Radiation Sources
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ULTRAVIOLETULTRAVIOLET
vDivided into three regions:
vNear400 - 300 nm ( UV-A ) [90%]
vFar 300 - 200 nm ( UV-B ) [10%]
vVacuum 200 -100 nm (UV-C )
vHealth Effects
vUV-A : Pigmentation of skin
vUV-B : Biological active & Potentiallyharmful
vUV-C : Bactericidal ; Germicidal
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Ozon e Hole-zon e Hole- Dep letio n of S tr at osp heri c Oep letio n of S tr at osp heri c O 3
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Effec ts o f UV Ra diati on on H um an Bo dyffec ts o f UV Ra diati on on H um an Bo dySkinSkin: ErythemaErythema- early red coloured skin
inflam-mation(appears after 2-
3 hours)
TanningTanning (delyed pigmentation,becauseproduction ofmelanine.(
it startsapprox. 24- 48 hours
after expo- sure)Vitamine DVitamine Dproduction Skin AgingSkin Aging(Wrinkles, Dry skin, Skin cancer-
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IR region : Visible red light ( 750nm ) to 0.3-cmwavelength of microwaves.
q Health Effects:
Increase tissue temperature upon exposure
IR - A : 780 - 1400nm : absorbed throughskin/cornea
IR - B : 1400 -3000nm : Absorbed incornea/cataract
IR - C : 3000 - 1mm : Damage to skin/eyes
Short w len th : In ured cornea iris retina and
INF RAR ED
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Within broadspectrum of Radiofrequencies ( approx: 10-300,000 MHz )
HEALTH EFFECTS:
Thermal effects
< 3000 MHz can penetrate skin and absorbby underlying tissues.
Serious damage can occur when underlyingtissues such as eyes are exposed.
MICROWAVES/RADIOWAVESMICROWAVES/RADIOWAVES
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CONTR OL MEASUR ESRadiofrequency
Maximum 10 mW/cm2 Power Density (mostsystems)
Controlled AreasInventory
Read Technical Manuals!!!
Hazard CriteriaSOP
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Light Amplification by the StimulatedEmission of Radiation
* Coherent; Highly direction & low
divergenceHEALTH EFFECTS
Permanent eye damage and skin bruisescan result from exposure to powerful
lasersPermanent Eye Injuries
Cataracts and temporary blinding
LASER
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Do not look into lasers.
Avoid reflective surfaces.
Medical SOP
Read Technical ManualsHazard Criteria
CONTR OL MEASUR ES
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vL A S E R : -
To check - installation is safe
To suggest ways to improve
To enable safe working procedure
To check amount of radiation received
To monitor consequence of changes
R A D I AT I O N M O N I T O R I N GR A D I AT I O N M O N I T O R I N G
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PURPOSE:
Radiation dose received
Contamination and ingestion
Film Badge - chest
Gas ionisation Device - pocket
Scintillation Counter - ingested / surface
PERSONAL MONITORINGPERSONAL MONITORING
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Ionisation Chamber
Scintillation Phosphors
Geiger Counter
Wipe test
ENVIRONMENT MONITORINGENVIRONMENT MONITORING
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Biological Effects :
1.Cell DamageSynergism:- cells exposed to both ionizing radiationand 60 Hz magnetic fields demonstrated anenhanced frequency of near tetraploid chromosome
complements, a feature not observed followingexposure to only ionizing radiation.
2. Cancers :
3.CNS alterations :4.Teratogenicity : by either of
ULF,VLF,LF,MF,HF,VHF,etc.
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Only control measure
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References
Radiation protection division
AR 40-46, Control of Health Hazardsfrom Lasers and other High Intensity
Optical SourcesDepartment of Defense Instruction(DoDI) 6055.11, Protection of DoD
Personnel from Exposure toElectormagnetic Fields (EMF) at RadioFrequencies (RF) from 3 kHz to 300
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