EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION,PREVENTION AND CONTROLEFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION,PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Dr. Sunayana Sharma MD (Ay)Associate Professor,

Swasthavritta

Dr. Sunayana Sharma MD (Ay)Associate Professor,

Swasthavritta

Our cities….Our cities….

Our factories even in villages….Our factories even in villages….

Air PollutionAir Pollution

Air pollution signifies the presence in the ambientatmosphere of substances like gases, mixture ofgases and particulate matter generated by theactivities of man in concentrations that interferewith human health, safety or comfort or injuriousto vegetation and animals and otherenvironmental media resulting in chemicalsentering the food chain or being present indrinking water and thereby constitutingadditional source of human exposure

Air pollution signifies the presence in the ambientatmosphere of substances like gases, mixture ofgases and particulate matter generated by theactivities of man in concentrations that interferewith human health, safety or comfort or injuriousto vegetation and animals and otherenvironmental media resulting in chemicalsentering the food chain or being present indrinking water and thereby constitutingadditional source of human exposure

Air pollution signifies the presence in the ambientatmosphere of substances like gases, mixture ofgases and particulate matter generated by theactivities of man in concentrations that interferewith human health, safety or comfort or injuriousto vegetation and animals and otherenvironmental media resulting in chemicalsentering the food chain or being present indrinking water and thereby constitutingadditional source of human exposure

Air pollution signifies the presence in the ambientatmosphere of substances like gases, mixture ofgases and particulate matter generated by theactivities of man in concentrations that interferewith human health, safety or comfort or injuriousto vegetation and animals and otherenvironmental media resulting in chemicalsentering the food chain or being present indrinking water and thereby constitutingadditional source of human exposure

Direct effect of air pollutantsDirect effect of air pollutants

• On Plants• On Animals• On Soil• Influences the structure and function of

ecosystems, including self regulation ability.• In the past air pollution meant smoke!

• On Plants• On Animals• On Soil• Influences the structure and function of

ecosystems, including self regulation ability.• In the past air pollution meant smoke!

• On Plants• On Animals• On Soil• Influences the structure and function of

ecosystems, including self regulation ability.• In the past air pollution meant smoke!

• On Plants• On Animals• On Soil• Influences the structure and function of

ecosystems, including self regulation ability.• In the past air pollution meant smoke!

Primary Air pollutantsPrimary Air pollutants

• They are emitted in to the atmosphere from asource such as a factory chimney or exhaustpipe or through suspension of contaminatesdusts by the wind. In principle, there fore, it ispossible to measure the amounts emitted atthe source itself

• They are emitted in to the atmosphere from asource such as a factory chimney or exhaustpipe or through suspension of contaminatesdusts by the wind. In principle, there fore, it ispossible to measure the amounts emitted atthe source itself

• They are emitted in to the atmosphere from asource such as a factory chimney or exhaustpipe or through suspension of contaminatesdusts by the wind. In principle, there fore, it ispossible to measure the amounts emitted atthe source itself

• They are emitted in to the atmosphere from asource such as a factory chimney or exhaustpipe or through suspension of contaminatesdusts by the wind. In principle, there fore, it ispossible to measure the amounts emitted atthe source itself

Secondary air pollutantsSecondary air pollutants

• They are formed within the atmosphere itself. Theyarise from chemical reactions of primary pollutants,possibly involving the natural components of theatmosphere, especially oxygen and water.

• The most familiar example is ozone, which arisesalmost entirely from chemical reactions that differ withaltitude within the atmosphere. Because of this modeof formation, secondary pollutants cannot readily beincluded din emissions inventories, although it ispossible to estimate formation rates per unit volumeof atmosphere per unit time.

• They are formed within the atmosphere itself. Theyarise from chemical reactions of primary pollutants,possibly involving the natural components of theatmosphere, especially oxygen and water.

• The most familiar example is ozone, which arisesalmost entirely from chemical reactions that differ withaltitude within the atmosphere. Because of this modeof formation, secondary pollutants cannot readily beincluded din emissions inventories, although it ispossible to estimate formation rates per unit volumeof atmosphere per unit time.

• They are formed within the atmosphere itself. Theyarise from chemical reactions of primary pollutants,possibly involving the natural components of theatmosphere, especially oxygen and water.

• The most familiar example is ozone, which arisesalmost entirely from chemical reactions that differ withaltitude within the atmosphere. Because of this modeof formation, secondary pollutants cannot readily beincluded din emissions inventories, although it ispossible to estimate formation rates per unit volumeof atmosphere per unit time.

• They are formed within the atmosphere itself. Theyarise from chemical reactions of primary pollutants,possibly involving the natural components of theatmosphere, especially oxygen and water.

• The most familiar example is ozone, which arisesalmost entirely from chemical reactions that differ withaltitude within the atmosphere. Because of this modeof formation, secondary pollutants cannot readily beincluded din emissions inventories, although it ispossible to estimate formation rates per unit volumeof atmosphere per unit time.

Gaseous air pollutantsGaseous air pollutants

• They are present as gases or vapors, that is asindividual small molecules capable for passingthrough filters, provided they do not absorb toor chemically react with the filter medium.

• They are readily taken into the humanrespiratory system, although water – soluble,they may very quickly be deposited in theupper respiratory tract and not penetrate tothe deep lung.

• They are present as gases or vapors, that is asindividual small molecules capable for passingthrough filters, provided they do not absorb toor chemically react with the filter medium.

• They are readily taken into the humanrespiratory system, although water – soluble,they may very quickly be deposited in theupper respiratory tract and not penetrate tothe deep lung.

• They are present as gases or vapors, that is asindividual small molecules capable for passingthrough filters, provided they do not absorb toor chemically react with the filter medium.

• They are readily taken into the humanrespiratory system, although water – soluble,they may very quickly be deposited in theupper respiratory tract and not penetrate tothe deep lung.

• They are present as gases or vapors, that is asindividual small molecules capable for passingthrough filters, provided they do not absorb toor chemically react with the filter medium.

• They are readily taken into the humanrespiratory system, although water – soluble,they may very quickly be deposited in theupper respiratory tract and not penetrate tothe deep lung.

Particulate air pollutantsParticulate air pollutants

• They comprise of material in solid or liquidphase suspended in the atmosphere. Suchparticles can be either primary or secondaryand cover a wide range of sizes.

• Newly formed secondary particles can be assmall as 1 – 2 µm in diameter, while coarsedust and sea salt particles can be as large as100 µm in diameter.

• They comprise of material in solid or liquidphase suspended in the atmosphere. Suchparticles can be either primary or secondaryand cover a wide range of sizes.

• Newly formed secondary particles can be assmall as 1 – 2 µm in diameter, while coarsedust and sea salt particles can be as large as100 µm in diameter.

• They comprise of material in solid or liquidphase suspended in the atmosphere. Suchparticles can be either primary or secondaryand cover a wide range of sizes.

• Newly formed secondary particles can be assmall as 1 – 2 µm in diameter, while coarsedust and sea salt particles can be as large as100 µm in diameter.

• They comprise of material in solid or liquidphase suspended in the atmosphere. Suchparticles can be either primary or secondaryand cover a wide range of sizes.

• Newly formed secondary particles can be assmall as 1 – 2 µm in diameter, while coarsedust and sea salt particles can be as large as100 µm in diameter.

Primary and secondary pollutantsPrimary and secondary pollutants

Sources of emissionsSources of emissions

Local scaleLocal scale

• Some pollutants by virtue of their source or ofhaving a very short atmospheric life time, areonly encountered in appreciable concentrationsclose to where they are emitted.

• For example in less developed countries, poorlycontrolled house hold and neighborhood sources,often involving the burning of biomass fuelscause serious local pollution.

• Some pollutants by virtue of their source or ofhaving a very short atmospheric life time, areonly encountered in appreciable concentrationsclose to where they are emitted.

• For example in less developed countries, poorlycontrolled house hold and neighborhood sources,often involving the burning of biomass fuelscause serious local pollution.

• Some pollutants by virtue of their source or ofhaving a very short atmospheric life time, areonly encountered in appreciable concentrationsclose to where they are emitted.

• For example in less developed countries, poorlycontrolled house hold and neighborhood sources,often involving the burning of biomass fuelscause serious local pollution.

• Some pollutants by virtue of their source or ofhaving a very short atmospheric life time, areonly encountered in appreciable concentrationsclose to where they are emitted.

• For example in less developed countries, poorlycontrolled house hold and neighborhood sources,often involving the burning of biomass fuelscause serious local pollution.

Urban scaleUrban scale

• Pollutants from urban sources, such asnitrogen oxides and carbon monoxidegenerated by road traffic, tend to be presentat high concentrations throughout the city andat significantly reduced concentrations inadjacent rural areas.

• Their atmospheric life times are not long andtherefore, concentrations in the remotebackground atmosphere tend to be very low.

• Pollutants from urban sources, such asnitrogen oxides and carbon monoxidegenerated by road traffic, tend to be presentat high concentrations throughout the city andat significantly reduced concentrations inadjacent rural areas.

• Their atmospheric life times are not long andtherefore, concentrations in the remotebackground atmosphere tend to be very low.

• Pollutants from urban sources, such asnitrogen oxides and carbon monoxidegenerated by road traffic, tend to be presentat high concentrations throughout the city andat significantly reduced concentrations inadjacent rural areas.

• Their atmospheric life times are not long andtherefore, concentrations in the remotebackground atmosphere tend to be very low.

• Pollutants from urban sources, such asnitrogen oxides and carbon monoxidegenerated by road traffic, tend to be presentat high concentrations throughout the city andat significantly reduced concentrations inadjacent rural areas.

• Their atmospheric life times are not long andtherefore, concentrations in the remotebackground atmosphere tend to be very low.

Regional scaleRegional scale

• Pollutants in the form of fine particles (< 2.5 µmdiameter but not ultrafine particles) and somegas – phase pollutants such as ozone hasatmospheric life times of days or even weeks,which permit them to be transported on aregional scale.

• Pollutants such as sulphate particles and ozonereadily travel thousands of kilometers in aprocess known as long – range transport, crossingnational boundaries in doing so.

• Pollutants in the form of fine particles (< 2.5 µmdiameter but not ultrafine particles) and somegas – phase pollutants such as ozone hasatmospheric life times of days or even weeks,which permit them to be transported on aregional scale.

• Pollutants such as sulphate particles and ozonereadily travel thousands of kilometers in aprocess known as long – range transport, crossingnational boundaries in doing so.

• Pollutants in the form of fine particles (< 2.5 µmdiameter but not ultrafine particles) and somegas – phase pollutants such as ozone hasatmospheric life times of days or even weeks,which permit them to be transported on aregional scale.

• Pollutants such as sulphate particles and ozonereadily travel thousands of kilometers in aprocess known as long – range transport, crossingnational boundaries in doing so.

• Pollutants in the form of fine particles (< 2.5 µmdiameter but not ultrafine particles) and somegas – phase pollutants such as ozone hasatmospheric life times of days or even weeks,which permit them to be transported on aregional scale.

• Pollutants such as sulphate particles and ozonereadily travel thousands of kilometers in aprocess known as long – range transport, crossingnational boundaries in doing so.

Hemispheric and global scalesHemispheric and global scales

• Some pollutants and especially thoseassociated with greenhouse warming effects(CO2, N2O, Methane) have atmosphericlifetimes of years and are therefore, capable ofdistribution throughout a hemisphere andultimately globally.

• Some pollutants and especially thoseassociated with greenhouse warming effects(CO2, N2O, Methane) have atmosphericlifetimes of years and are therefore, capable ofdistribution throughout a hemisphere andultimately globally.

• Some pollutants and especially thoseassociated with greenhouse warming effects(CO2, N2O, Methane) have atmosphericlifetimes of years and are therefore, capable ofdistribution throughout a hemisphere andultimately globally.

• Some pollutants and especially thoseassociated with greenhouse warming effects(CO2, N2O, Methane) have atmosphericlifetimes of years and are therefore, capable ofdistribution throughout a hemisphere andultimately globally.

Sources of air pollutionSources of air pollution

• Automobiles: Hydrocarbons, CO, Lead, Nitrogenoxides and particulate matter.

• Industries: Smoke, SO2, NO2, Fly ash, HF, HCL,Organic Halides, CO, CO2, H2S

• Domestic sources: coal/ wood /oil combustioncreate smoke, dust, SO2, NO2, passive smoking

• Miscellaneous: Burning refuse, incinerators,pesticide spraying, natural sources (wind bornedust, fungi, bacteria) and nuclear energyprogrammes

• Automobiles: Hydrocarbons, CO, Lead, Nitrogenoxides and particulate matter.

• Industries: Smoke, SO2, NO2, Fly ash, HF, HCL,Organic Halides, CO, CO2, H2S

• Domestic sources: coal/ wood /oil combustioncreate smoke, dust, SO2, NO2, passive smoking

• Miscellaneous: Burning refuse, incinerators,pesticide spraying, natural sources (wind bornedust, fungi, bacteria) and nuclear energyprogrammes

• Automobiles: Hydrocarbons, CO, Lead, Nitrogenoxides and particulate matter.

• Industries: Smoke, SO2, NO2, Fly ash, HF, HCL,Organic Halides, CO, CO2, H2S

• Domestic sources: coal/ wood /oil combustioncreate smoke, dust, SO2, NO2, passive smoking

• Miscellaneous: Burning refuse, incinerators,pesticide spraying, natural sources (wind bornedust, fungi, bacteria) and nuclear energyprogrammes

• Automobiles: Hydrocarbons, CO, Lead, Nitrogenoxides and particulate matter.

• Industries: Smoke, SO2, NO2, Fly ash, HF, HCL,Organic Halides, CO, CO2, H2S

• Domestic sources: coal/ wood /oil combustioncreate smoke, dust, SO2, NO2, passive smoking

• Miscellaneous: Burning refuse, incinerators,pesticide spraying, natural sources (wind bornedust, fungi, bacteria) and nuclear energyprogrammes

Meteorological factorsMeteorological factors• Most of the gases are within the first 30 Km of

atmosphere. Man is in contact with 8-10 Km.• Topography, air movement and climate influences air

pollution. Wind helps in dispersal and dilution ofpollutants. If the topography is dominated bymountains or big buildings, the wind becomes weakand calm and pollutants tend to concentrate in thebreathing zone.

• Temperature gradient is also important. When there isa rapid cooling of lower layers of air, there is no verticalmotion. Pollutants and water vapor get trappedresulting in smog. (Temperature inversion). It affectshealth

• Most of the gases are within the first 30 Km ofatmosphere. Man is in contact with 8-10 Km.

• Topography, air movement and climate influences airpollution. Wind helps in dispersal and dilution ofpollutants. If the topography is dominated bymountains or big buildings, the wind becomes weakand calm and pollutants tend to concentrate in thebreathing zone.

• Temperature gradient is also important. When there isa rapid cooling of lower layers of air, there is no verticalmotion. Pollutants and water vapor get trappedresulting in smog. (Temperature inversion). It affectshealth

• Most of the gases are within the first 30 Km ofatmosphere. Man is in contact with 8-10 Km.

• Topography, air movement and climate influences airpollution. Wind helps in dispersal and dilution ofpollutants. If the topography is dominated bymountains or big buildings, the wind becomes weakand calm and pollutants tend to concentrate in thebreathing zone.

• Temperature gradient is also important. When there isa rapid cooling of lower layers of air, there is no verticalmotion. Pollutants and water vapor get trappedresulting in smog. (Temperature inversion). It affectshealth

• Most of the gases are within the first 30 Km ofatmosphere. Man is in contact with 8-10 Km.

• Topography, air movement and climate influences airpollution. Wind helps in dispersal and dilution ofpollutants. If the topography is dominated bymountains or big buildings, the wind becomes weakand calm and pollutants tend to concentrate in thebreathing zone.

• Temperature gradient is also important. When there isa rapid cooling of lower layers of air, there is no verticalmotion. Pollutants and water vapor get trappedresulting in smog. (Temperature inversion). It affectshealth

Air pollutantsAir pollutants• Carbon monoxide• Sulphur dioxide• Lead• Carbon dioxide• Hydrocarbons• Cadmium• Hydrogen sulphide• Ozone• Oxides of nitrogen• Poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons• Particulate matter

• Carbon monoxide• Sulphur dioxide• Lead• Carbon dioxide• Hydrocarbons• Cadmium• Hydrogen sulphide• Ozone• Oxides of nitrogen• Poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons• Particulate matter

• Carbon monoxide• Sulphur dioxide• Lead• Carbon dioxide• Hydrocarbons• Cadmium• Hydrogen sulphide• Ozone• Oxides of nitrogen• Poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons• Particulate matter

• Carbon monoxide• Sulphur dioxide• Lead• Carbon dioxide• Hydrocarbons• Cadmium• Hydrogen sulphide• Ozone• Oxides of nitrogen• Poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons• Particulate matter

Carbon monoxideCarbon monoxide

• Product of incomplete combustion of carboncontaining materials such as automobiles,industrial process, heating facilities andincinerators. (350 – 600 million tones perannum). Heavy during morning and eveningrush hours. Topography is another factor.

• Product of incomplete combustion of carboncontaining materials such as automobiles,industrial process, heating facilities andincinerators. (350 – 600 million tones perannum). Heavy during morning and eveningrush hours. Topography is another factor.

• Product of incomplete combustion of carboncontaining materials such as automobiles,industrial process, heating facilities andincinerators. (350 – 600 million tones perannum). Heavy during morning and eveningrush hours. Topography is another factor.

• Product of incomplete combustion of carboncontaining materials such as automobiles,industrial process, heating facilities andincinerators. (350 – 600 million tones perannum). Heavy during morning and eveningrush hours. Topography is another factor.

Sulphur dioxideSulphur dioxide• Colorless gas with a sharp odor that results from

the combustion of sulphur containing fossil fuel,the smelting of sulphur containing ores and otherindustrial processes. Domestic fires, powergeneration and motor vehicles also produce SO2

• SO2 affects respiratory system and the function ofthe lungs and causes irritation of the eyes.Inflammation of the respiratory tract causescoughing, mucus secretion, aggravation ofasthma and chronic bronchitis and makes peoplemore prone to respiratory infections.

• Colorless gas with a sharp odor that results fromthe combustion of sulphur containing fossil fuel,the smelting of sulphur containing ores and otherindustrial processes. Domestic fires, powergeneration and motor vehicles also produce SO2

• SO2 affects respiratory system and the function ofthe lungs and causes irritation of the eyes.Inflammation of the respiratory tract causescoughing, mucus secretion, aggravation ofasthma and chronic bronchitis and makes peoplemore prone to respiratory infections.

• Colorless gas with a sharp odor that results fromthe combustion of sulphur containing fossil fuel,the smelting of sulphur containing ores and otherindustrial processes. Domestic fires, powergeneration and motor vehicles also produce SO2

• SO2 affects respiratory system and the function ofthe lungs and causes irritation of the eyes.Inflammation of the respiratory tract causescoughing, mucus secretion, aggravation ofasthma and chronic bronchitis and makes peoplemore prone to respiratory infections.

• Colorless gas with a sharp odor that results fromthe combustion of sulphur containing fossil fuel,the smelting of sulphur containing ores and otherindustrial processes. Domestic fires, powergeneration and motor vehicles also produce SO2

• SO2 affects respiratory system and the function ofthe lungs and causes irritation of the eyes.Inflammation of the respiratory tract causescoughing, mucus secretion, aggravation ofasthma and chronic bronchitis and makes peoplemore prone to respiratory infections.

LeadLead

• The combustion of alkyl lead additives inmotor fuels accounts for major part of all leademissions in to the atmosphere.

• Children up to 6 years and pregnant womenare at increased risk

• BBB or placenta are not effect barriers againstlead.

• The combustion of alkyl lead additives inmotor fuels accounts for major part of all leademissions in to the atmosphere.

• Children up to 6 years and pregnant womenare at increased risk

• BBB or placenta are not effect barriers againstlead.

• The combustion of alkyl lead additives inmotor fuels accounts for major part of all leademissions in to the atmosphere.

• Children up to 6 years and pregnant womenare at increased risk

• BBB or placenta are not effect barriers againstlead.

• The combustion of alkyl lead additives inmotor fuels accounts for major part of all leademissions in to the atmosphere.

• Children up to 6 years and pregnant womenare at increased risk

• BBB or placenta are not effect barriers againstlead.

HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

• Incineration• Combustion of coal• Wood• Petroleum processing and use• Hydrocarbons exert their pollutant action by

taking part in chemical reactions that causephotochemical smog.

• Incineration• Combustion of coal• Wood• Petroleum processing and use• Hydrocarbons exert their pollutant action by

taking part in chemical reactions that causephotochemical smog.

• Incineration• Combustion of coal• Wood• Petroleum processing and use• Hydrocarbons exert their pollutant action by

taking part in chemical reactions that causephotochemical smog.

• Incineration• Combustion of coal• Wood• Petroleum processing and use• Hydrocarbons exert their pollutant action by

taking part in chemical reactions that causephotochemical smog.

CadmiumCadmium

• Steel industry• Waste incineration• Volcanic action• Zinc production• Tobacco smoking

• Steel industry• Waste incineration• Volcanic action• Zinc production• Tobacco smoking

• Steel industry• Waste incineration• Volcanic action• Zinc production• Tobacco smoking

• Steel industry• Waste incineration• Volcanic action• Zinc production• Tobacco smoking

Hydrogen SulphideHydrogen Sulphide

• H2S is formed whenever sulphur or sulphurcompounds come in contact with organicmaterial at high temperature.

• Coke production, viscose rayon production,waste water treatment plants, wood pulpproduction using sulphate process, Sulphurextraction process, oil refining, and tanningindustry cause H2S production.

• H2S is formed whenever sulphur or sulphurcompounds come in contact with organicmaterial at high temperature.

• Coke production, viscose rayon production,waste water treatment plants, wood pulpproduction using sulphate process, Sulphurextraction process, oil refining, and tanningindustry cause H2S production.

• H2S is formed whenever sulphur or sulphurcompounds come in contact with organicmaterial at high temperature.

• Coke production, viscose rayon production,waste water treatment plants, wood pulpproduction using sulphate process, Sulphurextraction process, oil refining, and tanningindustry cause H2S production.

• H2S is formed whenever sulphur or sulphurcompounds come in contact with organicmaterial at high temperature.

• Coke production, viscose rayon production,waste water treatment plants, wood pulpproduction using sulphate process, Sulphurextraction process, oil refining, and tanningindustry cause H2S production.

OzoneOzone

• Ozone at ground level is one among theconstituents of photochemical smog

• Formed by the photochemical reaction of sunlight with pollutants such Oxides of N2 fromvehicles, industry emissions and volatilecompounds emitted by vehicles, solvents andindustry. High during sunny days

• Causes breathing problems, trigger asthma,reduce lung function and cause lung diseases.

• Ozone at ground level is one among theconstituents of photochemical smog

• Formed by the photochemical reaction of sunlight with pollutants such Oxides of N2 fromvehicles, industry emissions and volatilecompounds emitted by vehicles, solvents andindustry. High during sunny days

• Causes breathing problems, trigger asthma,reduce lung function and cause lung diseases.

• Ozone at ground level is one among theconstituents of photochemical smog

• Formed by the photochemical reaction of sunlight with pollutants such Oxides of N2 fromvehicles, industry emissions and volatilecompounds emitted by vehicles, solvents andindustry. High during sunny days

• Causes breathing problems, trigger asthma,reduce lung function and cause lung diseases.

• Ozone at ground level is one among theconstituents of photochemical smog

• Formed by the photochemical reaction of sunlight with pollutants such Oxides of N2 fromvehicles, industry emissions and volatilecompounds emitted by vehicles, solvents andindustry. High during sunny days

• Causes breathing problems, trigger asthma,reduce lung function and cause lung diseases.

Oxides of NitrogenOxides of Nitrogen

• Predominantly Nitric oxide. Commonly fromcoal combustion. Also from road traffic andelectricity generation.

• NO2 causes incidence of Bronchitis andAsthma

• Reduced lung function and growth.

• Predominantly Nitric oxide. Commonly fromcoal combustion. Also from road traffic andelectricity generation.

• NO2 causes incidence of Bronchitis andAsthma

• Reduced lung function and growth.

• Predominantly Nitric oxide. Commonly fromcoal combustion. Also from road traffic andelectricity generation.

• NO2 causes incidence of Bronchitis andAsthma

• Reduced lung function and growth.

• Predominantly Nitric oxide. Commonly fromcoal combustion. Also from road traffic andelectricity generation.

• NO2 causes incidence of Bronchitis andAsthma

• Reduced lung function and growth.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)

• A group of 10,000 compounds• Formed from incomplete burning of firewood,

garbage, coal and oil.• Also automobile exhaust, industrial emission,

charcoal and tobacco.• Toxic when ingested or in contact with skin.• Carcinogenic, mutagen and reproductive toxin

• A group of 10,000 compounds• Formed from incomplete burning of firewood,

garbage, coal and oil.• Also automobile exhaust, industrial emission,

charcoal and tobacco.• Toxic when ingested or in contact with skin.• Carcinogenic, mutagen and reproductive toxin

• A group of 10,000 compounds• Formed from incomplete burning of firewood,

garbage, coal and oil.• Also automobile exhaust, industrial emission,

charcoal and tobacco.• Toxic when ingested or in contact with skin.• Carcinogenic, mutagen and reproductive toxin

• A group of 10,000 compounds• Formed from incomplete burning of firewood,

garbage, coal and oil.• Also automobile exhaust, industrial emission,

charcoal and tobacco.• Toxic when ingested or in contact with skin.• Carcinogenic, mutagen and reproductive toxin

Particulate MatterParticulate Matter

• Complex mixture of organic and inorganicsubstances.

• <2.5 µm are more dangerous. They traveldeep into bronchioles and interfere with gasexchange in the lungs.

• Can cause respiratory and cardiac diseasesand even lung cancer.

• Complex mixture of organic and inorganicsubstances.

• <2.5 µm are more dangerous. They traveldeep into bronchioles and interfere with gasexchange in the lungs.

• Can cause respiratory and cardiac diseasesand even lung cancer.

• Complex mixture of organic and inorganicsubstances.

• <2.5 µm are more dangerous. They traveldeep into bronchioles and interfere with gasexchange in the lungs.

• Can cause respiratory and cardiac diseasesand even lung cancer.

• Complex mixture of organic and inorganicsubstances.

• <2.5 µm are more dangerous. They traveldeep into bronchioles and interfere with gasexchange in the lungs.

• Can cause respiratory and cardiac diseasesand even lung cancer.

Indoor air pollutantsPollutant SourcesRespirable Particles Tobacco smoke, Stove, Aerosol sparays

Carbon Monoxide Combustion equipment, Stove, Gas heaters

Nitrogen Dioxide Gas cookers, Cigarettes

Sulphur Dioxide Coal combustion

Carbon Dioxide Combustion, RespirationCarbon Dioxide Combustion, Respiration

Formaldehyde Particle board, Carpet adhesives, insulation

Other organic vapors (benzene,toluene etc)

Solvents, Adhesives, Resin products, aerosolsprays

Ozone Electric arcing, UV light sources

Radon and daughters Building material

Asbestos Insulation, Fireproofing

Mineral fibers Appliances

Indoor Air Pollution - effectsIndoor Air Pollution - effects

• Acute respiratory infections in young children

• Chronic lung disease and cancer in adults

• Adverse pregnancy outcomes like stillbirths

• Acute respiratory infections in young children

• Chronic lung disease and cancer in adults

• Adverse pregnancy outcomes like stillbirths

• Acute respiratory infections in young children

• Chronic lung disease and cancer in adults

• Adverse pregnancy outcomes like stillbirths

• Acute respiratory infections in young children

• Chronic lung disease and cancer in adults

• Adverse pregnancy outcomes like stillbirths

Effects of Air Pollution on healthEffects of Air Pollution on health

Monitoring Air PollutionMonitoring Air Pollution

• Best indicators – SO2, Smoke and Suspendedparticles

• SO2 concentration• Smoke or Soiling Index• Grit and Dust measurement• Coefficient of Haze• Air Pollution index: 10 SO2 + 2 CO2 + 2 CoH

• Best indicators – SO2, Smoke and Suspendedparticles

• SO2 concentration• Smoke or Soiling Index• Grit and Dust measurement• Coefficient of Haze• Air Pollution index: 10 SO2 + 2 CO2 + 2 CoH

• Best indicators – SO2, Smoke and Suspendedparticles

• SO2 concentration• Smoke or Soiling Index• Grit and Dust measurement• Coefficient of Haze• Air Pollution index: 10 SO2 + 2 CO2 + 2 CoH

• Best indicators – SO2, Smoke and Suspendedparticles

• SO2 concentration• Smoke or Soiling Index• Grit and Dust measurement• Coefficient of Haze• Air Pollution index: 10 SO2 + 2 CO2 + 2 CoH

Effects of Air PollutionEffects of Air Pollution

• Health aspectsImmediate – a/c bronchitis, suffocation, deathDelayed - c/c bronchitis, Lung cancer, bronchial

asthma, emphysema and respiratory allergiesLead poisons many systems.• Social and Economic aspects• Destruction of plant and animal life, corrosion

of metals, damage to buildings, cost ofcleaning and maintenance, aesthetic nuisance.

• Health aspectsImmediate – a/c bronchitis, suffocation, deathDelayed - c/c bronchitis, Lung cancer, bronchial

asthma, emphysema and respiratory allergiesLead poisons many systems.• Social and Economic aspects• Destruction of plant and animal life, corrosion

of metals, damage to buildings, cost ofcleaning and maintenance, aesthetic nuisance.

• Health aspectsImmediate – a/c bronchitis, suffocation, deathDelayed - c/c bronchitis, Lung cancer, bronchial

asthma, emphysema and respiratory allergiesLead poisons many systems.• Social and Economic aspects• Destruction of plant and animal life, corrosion

of metals, damage to buildings, cost ofcleaning and maintenance, aesthetic nuisance.

• Health aspectsImmediate – a/c bronchitis, suffocation, deathDelayed - c/c bronchitis, Lung cancer, bronchial

asthma, emphysema and respiratory allergiesLead poisons many systems.• Social and Economic aspects• Destruction of plant and animal life, corrosion

of metals, damage to buildings, cost ofcleaning and maintenance, aesthetic nuisance.

NoxiousAgent

Sources Adverse Effects

Oxides ofNitrogen

Automobile exhaust, gas stoveand heaters, wood burningstoves, kerosene space heaters

Respiratory Tract irritation,bronchial hyperactivity,impaired lung defenses

Hydrocarbons Automobile exhaustCigarette smoke

Lung Cancer

Major Air Pollutants, sources and adverse effects

Ozone discomfort Automobile exhaust Cough Substernal

Sulphur Dioxide Power plants, Smelters, Oilrefineries, kerosene spaceheaters.

Exacerbation of Asthma andCOPD, respiratory tractirritation, hospitalization maybe necessary, death in severeexposure

Lead Automobile exhaust using leadedgasoline

Impaired neuropsychologicaldevelopment in children

Prevention and Control of Air PollutionPrevention and Control of Air Pollution

• Containment• Replacement• Dilution• Legislation• International action

• Containment• Replacement• Dilution• Legislation• International action

• Containment• Replacement• Dilution• Legislation• International action

• Containment• Replacement• Dilution• Legislation• International action

Disinfection of AirDisinfection of Air

• Mechanical ventilation• Ultraviolet Radiation• Chemical mists• Dust control

• Mechanical ventilation• Ultraviolet Radiation• Chemical mists• Dust control

• Mechanical ventilation• Ultraviolet Radiation• Chemical mists• Dust control

• Mechanical ventilation• Ultraviolet Radiation• Chemical mists• Dust control

Prevention and Control of AirPollution

Prevention and Control of AirPollution

Prevention and Control of AirPollution

Prevention and Control of AirPollution

What does Ayurveda say?What does Ayurveda say?

Signs of Vitiated VayuSigns of Vitiated Vayu

“त वातमेवं वधं अनारो य करं व यात ् ; त यथा -यथा तु वषमं अ ति त मतं अ तचलं अ तप षंअ तशीतं अ यु णं अ त ं अ य भ यि दनंअ तभैरवारावं अ त तहता पर परग तंअ त कु ड लनं असा य गंधा बा प सकतापांसु धूमोपहत म त ”

“त वातमेवं वधं अनारो य करं व यात ् ; त यथा -यथा तु वषमं अ ति त मतं अ तचलं अ तप षंअ तशीतं अ यु णं अ त ं अ य भ यि दनंअ तभैरवारावं अ त तहता पर परग तंअ त कु ड लनं असा य गंधा बा प सकतापांसु धूमोपहत म त ”

“त वातमेवं वधं अनारो य करं व यात ् ; त यथा -यथा तु वषमं अ ति त मतं अ तचलं अ तप षंअ तशीतं अ यु णं अ त ं अ य भ यि दनंअ तभैरवारावं अ त तहता पर परग तंअ त कु ड लनं असा य गंधा बा प सकतापांसु धूमोपहत म त ”

“त वातमेवं वधं अनारो य करं व यात ् ; त यथा -यथा तु वषमं अ ति त मतं अ तचलं अ तप षंअ तशीतं अ यु णं अ त ं अ य भ यि दनंअ तभैरवारावं अ त तहता पर परग तंअ त कु ड लनं असा य गंधा बा प सकतापांसु धूमोपहत म त ”

Air having the following characteristicsis injurious to health

Air having the following characteristicsis injurious to health

• Absence of characteristic features in conformity with the season

• Excessive calmness or violent blow

• Excessive dryness, cold, heat, roughness or humidity

• Excessive clashes among each other

• Excessively cyclonic in nature

• Association with unwholesome smell, gases, sand, ashes and

smoke

• Absence of characteristic features in conformity with the season

• Excessive calmness or violent blow

• Excessive dryness, cold, heat, roughness or humidity

• Excessive clashes among each other

• Excessively cyclonic in nature

• Association with unwholesome smell, gases, sand, ashes and

smoke

• Absence of characteristic features in conformity with the season

• Excessive calmness or violent blow

• Excessive dryness, cold, heat, roughness or humidity

• Excessive clashes among each other

• Excessively cyclonic in nature

• Association with unwholesome smell, gases, sand, ashes and

smoke

• Absence of characteristic features in conformity with the season

• Excessive calmness or violent blow

• Excessive dryness, cold, heat, roughness or humidity

• Excessive clashes among each other

• Excessively cyclonic in nature

• Association with unwholesome smell, gases, sand, ashes and

smoke

Methods of Air PurificationMethods of Air Purification

• Fumigation

• Sprinkling

• Spraying

• Medicated Flags

• Medicated Drums

• Fumigation

• Sprinkling

• Spraying

• Medicated Flags

• Medicated Drums

• Fumigation

• Sprinkling

• Spraying

• Medicated Flags

• Medicated Drums

• Fumigation

• Sprinkling

• Spraying

• Medicated Flags

• Medicated Drums

DhupanamDhupanam

ला ा ह र ा त वषाभया दहरेणकैुला दलवाकरकु ठंयंगुकां चा यनले नधाय

धमूा नलौ चा प वशोधयेत ्(Su. Jamgamavishavijnaniyam - 17)

Aparajitaपुरा यम वचा सज न बाकागा दा भी:धपूो वरेषु सवषु यो त यो अपरािजत:(AH Jwara chi)

ला ा ह र ा त वषाभया दहरेणकैुला दलवाकरकु ठंयंगुकां चा यनले नधाय

धमूा नलौ चा प वशोधयेत ्(Su. Jamgamavishavijnaniyam - 17)

Aparajitaपुरा यम वचा सज न बाकागा दा भी:धपूो वरेषु सवषु यो त यो अपरािजत:(AH Jwara chi)

ला ा ह र ा त वषाभया दहरेणकैुला दलवाकरकु ठंयंगुकां चा यनले नधाय

धमूा नलौ चा प वशोधयेत ्(Su. Jamgamavishavijnaniyam - 17)

Aparajitaपुरा यम वचा सज न बाकागा दा भी:धपूो वरेषु सवषु यो त यो अपरािजत:(AH Jwara chi)

ला ा ह र ा त वषाभया दहरेणकैुला दलवाकरकु ठंयंगुकां चा यनले नधाय

धमूा नलौ चा प वशोधयेत ्(Su. Jamgamavishavijnaniyam - 17)

Aparajitaपुरा यम वचा सज न बाकागा दा भी:धपूो वरेषु सवषु यो त यो अपरािजत:(AH Jwara chi)

SprinklingSprinkling

देवदा नतान ता मधुकाजुन गै रकम ्व क द ल तां लो ं वी करेचछल ण चू णतम ्वृ ा ेषु पताकासु दु येषु सुमह व पसवत चणू संपकात न वशो जायतेनील:

देवदा नतान ता मधुकाजुन गै रकम ्व क द ल तां लो ं वी करेचछल ण चू णतम ्वृ ा ेषु पताकासु दु येषु सुमह व पसवत चणू संपकात न वशो जायतेनील:

देवदा नतान ता मधुकाजुन गै रकम ्व क द ल तां लो ं वी करेचछल ण चू णतम ्वृ ा ेषु पताकासु दु येषु सुमह व पसवत चणू संपकात न वशो जायतेनील:

देवदा नतान ता मधुकाजुन गै रकम ्व क द ल तां लो ं वी करेचछल ण चू णतम ्वृ ा ेषु पताकासु दु येषु सुमह व पसवत चणू संपकात न वशो जायतेनील:

SprayingSprayingव वाढक यव ार पाटल बाि हकोषणा:ीपण स लक यु ता न वाथ: ो ण: परं

स वषं ो तं तेन स यो भव त न वषम ्

व वाढक यव ार पाटल बाि हकोषणा:ीपण स लक यु ता न वाथ: ो ण: परं

स वषं ो तं तेन स यो भव त न वषम ्

व वाढक यव ार पाटल बाि हकोषणा:ीपण स लक यु ता न वाथ: ो ण: परं

स वषं ो तं तेन स यो भव त न वषम ्

SprayingSpraying

अरेण ुमासंी मंिज ठा रजनी मधकंु मधुअ वक सुरस ंला ा अ व प तं पूवव म ण:वा द ा ण पताका च प टैरे प च ले पता:ु वा वा समा ाय स यो भव त न वषम ्

अरेण ुमासंी मंिज ठा रजनी मधकंु मधुअ वक सुरस ंला ा अ व प तं पूवव म ण:वा द ा ण पताका च प टैरे प च ले पता:ु वा वा समा ाय स यो भव त न वषम ्

अरेण ुमासंी मंिज ठा रजनी मधकंु मधुअ वक सुरस ंला ा अ व प तं पूवव म ण:वा द ा ण पताका च प टैरे प च ले पता:ु वा वा समा ाय स यो भव त न वषम ्

अरेण ुमासंी मंिज ठा रजनी मधकंु मधुअ वक सुरस ंला ा अ व प तं पूवव म ण:वा द ा ण पताका च प टैरे प च ले पता:ु वा वा समा ाय स यो भव त न वषम ्

“ Let

knowledge

come from

all sides

towards us!

”

आनो भ ातवो

य तुव वत:

“ Let

knowledge

come from

all sides

towards us!

”

आनो भ ातवो

य तुव वत:

THANKYOU!!!THANKYOU!!!