eff: naba%20dvb%20world%20presentation

8/14/2019 EFF: NABA%20DVB%20World%20Presentation

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Presentation to the DVB WorldPresentation to the DVB World

Dublin, IrelandDublin, IrelandMarch, 2005March, 2005

Protecting Digital Broadcast ContentProtecting Digital Broadcast ContentFrom Unauthorized RedistributionFrom Unauthorized RedistributionAn Issue For All BroadcastersAn Issue For All Broadcasters

Spencer StephensSpencer Stephens

North American Broadcasters AssociationNorth American Broadcasters Association



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Protecting Digital Broadcast Content FromProtecting Digital Broadcast Content From

Unauthorized RedistributionUnauthorized Redistribution

Internet Redistribution of ContentInternet Redistribution of Content

Benefits

– Broad access to educational, governmental and

public service information

Risks

– The devaluing of capitalized entertainment

produced with the expectation of licensingrevenue and other residual value



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Unauthorized Redistribution is a

Concern For All Broadcasters

How is broadcasting put at risk by digitalHow is broadcasting put at risk by digital

delivery?delivery?

What’s wrong with unauthorizedWhat’s wrong with unauthorizedredistribution?redistribution?

Why should every broadcaster care?Why should every broadcaster care?

Is there more than one suitable form of Is there more than one suitable form of

protection?protection?

How can protection be obtained?How can protection be obtained?

ConclusionsConclusions



4

How Is Broadcasting Threatened By Digital Delivery?How Is Broadcasting Threatened By Digital Delivery?

Broadcasting in digital form brings benefits to viewers and

broadcasters

It also brings a new threat:

– DTV content is at risk of widespread unauthorizedredistribution on the Internet.

– The Music Industry experiences with NAPSTER provide

important lessons…

– The ability to protect content worldwide is necessary to

ensure Broadcasting survives in the digital world.

Protecting Digital Broadcast Content From

Unauthorized Redistribution



5

How Is Broadcasting Threatened By Digital Delivery?How Is Broadcasting Threatened By Digital Delivery?

PCs are capable of capturing high quality video and applying advancedcompression

PCs and consumer video devices are increasingly connected to the

broadband Internet.

Broadband Internet upload and download times are increasing rapidly

– e.g. for a compressed 22 minute DTV program:

Today In 4 Years

Standard-definition up to real-time 1 min

High Definition ~ 120 min ~ 5 min

If DTV is not protected, HIGH QUALITY DTV picture and sound content will be extensively copied and re-distributed .





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What’s wrong with unauthorized redistribution?What’s wrong with unauthorized redistribution?

Local broadcaster obtains rights for, and broadcasts in its local market.

Intended TV viewers receive the unencrypted digital TV broadcast.

Unprotected content can be easily redistributed using peer-to-peer file sharing.

Vast numbers of people worldwide can access the unprotected content. With advances in processing power, storage capacity, and broadband access…

EVERYONE BECOMES A BROADCASTER!

Internet

UnprotectedUnprotectedDigital OutputDigital Output

PC with

Broadband InternetConnection

Digital TVDigital TV

Program withProgram with

No ProtectionNo Protection





Why Should Every Broadcaster Care?Why Should Every Broadcaster Care?

If available, content may become more

expensive because of Internet risk

Potential impact on geographical and timerelated licenses. Interference with localrules/practice on release-windows

Purchase / license content

Compelling content will likely migrate to more

secure services such as satellite and cable

Valuable businesses models will be harmed

including core advertising, syndication, sports

leagues, DVD and VHS programming sales

Want compelling content

Unauthorized Internet Redistribution Risks:Unauthorized Internet Redistribution Risks:Broadcasters:Broadcasters:





Why Should Every Broadcaster Care?Why Should Every Broadcaster Care?

Future value of content reduced

Future audience appeal in other markets

reduced

Invest in producing

original content

May be compromised by unauthorized

distribution, use and repurposing of their

content

Consumers suffer from a lack of choice (in

particular a certain proportion of society whichrely on broadcast TV, e.g. poorer families that

cannot afford PayTV)

Public image and

credibility

Unauthorized Internet Redistribution Risks:Unauthorized Internet Redistribution Risks:Broadcasters:Broadcasters:





Protecting Digital Broadcast Content FromProtecting Digital Broadcast Content From

Unauthorized RedistributionUnauthorized Redistribution

Second sight

Victor Keegan

Thursday February 17 2005

The Guardian

“[T]he writing may be on the wall for TiVo-like

devices because of what David Price, a

researcher with Envisional of Cambridge, calls

the free global TiVo on the internet. He is

referring to the dramatic upsurge in

downloading films and TV shows through peer-

to-peer sharing facilities on the web.”

“New Envisional figures about to be released

show Britain leads the world in piracy. [The UK

is] responsible for 38.4% of TV downloads in

the EU and 18.5% worldwide. Australia is

second with 15.6% and the US a poor third on

7.3%..”

Copyright Guardian Newspapers Limited

Is this an issue for European broadcasters?Is this an issue for European broadcasters?



Is There More Than One Suitable Form of Protection?Is There More Than One Suitable Form of Protection?

Two basic methods:

– Protection at the signal source

– Protection upon reception prior to

any digital storage or output

In each case, receiving devices must:

– Treat received program content with

acceptable protection for re-transmission / recording.

– Enable restriction of content flow to a geographic

approximation of a home.



Content protection methods may differ by region –

but together must provide a secure system worldwide




Protection at the source (e.g. Japan)

– Conditional Access (CA) is used for digital terrestrial television

– Content protection is provided through encryption solutions andequipment supplier agreements

• (similar to DTH and Digital Cable Television.)

– Content is scrambled/encrypted before transmission

– Set top box descrambles signal using a renewable smart card.

– Copy protection and internet redistribution protection can also be

signaled

– Appropriate digital connectors and content protection methods must be

included.





Is There More Than One Suitable Form of Is There More Than One Suitable Form of

Protection?Protection?

Protection at reception (e.g. North America)

– Many markets require “Clear-To-Air” Digital Terrestrial Broadcasts

• Signals are unprotected prior to reception by a receiver

• Since no permission is required to receive the broadcast, thebroadcaster does not have a contractual mechanism to trigger and

control the protection of DTV content in over the air receivers.

• So a government mandate must require protection upon reception

– Receivers (i.e., TVs, Set-top boxes, PC DTV tuners) must look

for rights signaling information – Receivers must encrypt and protect the TV signal if the rights

signaling information prohibits redistribution.






United States

• The “Broadcast Flag” Solution:

– Promulgated by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission

(FCC) in November 2003.

– Insertion of the redistribution control descriptor in the ATSC bit-stream is at the option of the broadcaster on a program-by-

program basis.

– All receiving devices must have the ability to detect the flag and

activate appropriate content protection (as approved by the FCC),

to protect from unauthorized Internet distribution.

• This is achieved by protecting copies and outputs in receiving

equipment.



The Flag is about control of redistribution, not copy control




United States (continued)

•The Broadcast Flag Regulation:

– Requires new devices with television tuners (e.g. televisions,

some computers, etc.) to respond to the “broadcast flag” by

July 1, 2005.

– Requires products and devices wishing to receive unencrypted

DTV broadcasts to protect content against unauthorized

redistribution using FCC-approved output and recording

protection technologies.

– FCC recently approved 13 technologies as broadcast-flag

compliant.







United States (continued)

• Flag Solution allows:

– Unlimited copies onto physical media

(such as VHS tapes, recordable DVDs)

– Unlimited time-shift recording

(such as with TiVo-like digital recording devices)

– Option to control redistribution






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Europe

• DVB sub groups CM-CP and TM-CPT are working to develop the

Content Protection and Copy Management (DVB-CPCM) system for

managing distribution, copying and redistribution of televisioncontent.

South Korea and Taiwan

• Both countries have adopted ATSC and therefore may be interested

in a solution akin to the US “Broadcast Flag”; the rest of Asia have

adopted DVB and therefore will likely adopt a DVB-compliant

solution.





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How Can Protection Be Obtained?How Can Protection Be Obtained?

For free over-the-air broadcasting to remain a viable means of

distribution, the transition to digital television must be accompanied

by a solution to prevent unauthorized redistribution of unencrypted

digital broadcast television on a worldwide basis.

Technical solutions exist – but need to be mandated and protected

by regulation.



Content protection is needed internationally to give

Broadcasters the Option to Restrict Redistribution



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National Protection

– Each country should analyze available solutions and choose the solution

that best fits their needs.

–Regulators then need to implement legal mechanisms to mandate use of the chosen solution and specifically to:

• Ensure acceptable content protection is enabled in consumer

devices;

• Ensure effective copyright protection as required by applicable

national, regional and international norms; and

• Ensure content signaling tools for free over-the-air broadcast

are supported throughout the delivery and reception chain.





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International Cooperation

– WIPO needs to incorporate obligations for mandate of redistribution controls

into its proposed new Broadcaster treaty.

NABA Stands Ready To Collaborate!NABA Stands Ready To Collaborate!





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ConclusionsConclusions

The protection of valuable broadcast content against unauthorized

redistribution is of international concern.

Special attention is required for protection of unencrypted over-the-air DTV.

Steps must be taken at national and international levels to ensure that

technical and legal protection mechanisms are in place and enforced.

There is more than one solution that can solve this problem.

Content protection methods may differ by region –

but together must provide a secure system worldwide.



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