ee9911_140630 - intro 1-1

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FROM CONCEPTS IN OPTICS TO ADVANCED PHOTONICS

Christophe Couteau & Guillaume VienneDepartment of EEE, Microelectronics Division

Nanyang Technological University, June 30 – July 11 2014Course EE9911

NTU EE9911 From Concepts in Optics to Modern Photonics - June 30, 2014

2NTU EE9911 From Concepts in Optics to Modern Photonics - June 30, 2014

The Authors: Phillip Hastigsputh, Dan Curticapean© University of Applied Sciences Offenburg

NTU EE9911 From Concepts in Optics to Modern Photonics - June 30, 2014 3

OUTLINE

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics

- Some new photonic technologies

Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics

- Some photonictechnologies

IT’S OFFICIALINTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE LIGHT 2015

Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


-Reference:http://www.light2015.org/Home.html


Origin of LifeSustainability

CultureUniversal

FlagsInternational

Inclusive

Colour Spectrum, Science

Art and CultureEducation

INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE LIGHT 2015


Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics



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The Proclamation of an International Year of Light is atremendous opportunity to coordinate internationalactivities and promote new initiatives to support therevolutionary potential of light technologies

How?Clear themes, cross-cutting activities, communicationwith the public

INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE LIGHT 2015Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics



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The International Year of Light is a cross-disciplinary educationaland outreach project with more than 100 partners from over 85countries

Why Light?

The science and applications of light creates revolutionary - butoften unseen - technologies that directly improve quality of lifeworldwide

CommunicationsHealth Economy Environment Social



The International Year of Light is a cross-disciplinary educationaland outreach project with more than 100 partners from over 85countries

Why Light?

Light-based technology is a major economic driver with potential to revolutionize the 21st century [as electronics did in the 20th

century]century]CommunicationsHealth Economy Environment Social



100+ PARTNERS FROM 85 COUNTRIES


ConclusionsWhy light and optics?

Light is central to science, technology, art and cultureLight can promote education at all levels Light technology drives development

Why an International Year of Light?The importance of light technology needs to be appreciatedInternational coordination will create durable programmesWe aim to inspire a new generation to study science through light

The 21st century is the Century of Light NTU EE9911 From Concepts in Optics to Modern Photonics - June 30, 2014 10

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MY PATHBETWEEN EUROPE & ASIA

UK (Southampton)1992-1997

Denmark(Copenhagen)2000-2004

Japan(Tokyo)1998-1999China (Hangzhou)2005-2009

China (Hong Kong)2004-2005

France (Burgundy, IOGS)When invited

Germany (Dortmund & Karlsruhe) 1990-1992

Singapore2009-Now


Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics



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BEAUTY OF OPTICS - OBSERVATIONS

Reflection

Rainbows

Aurora borealis

Refraction

DoubleRefraction


Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics



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BEAUTY OF OPTICS - THEORY

Quantum Optics

Ray Optics

Wave Optics


EM Optics

Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


Reference:

« Fundamentals of Optics » BEA Saleh, MC Teich, A Wiley IntersciencePublication

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SYLLABUS

Date Day Time Venue30 June 2014 Monday 6.30pm to 9.30pm Introduction1 July 2014 Tuesday 6.30pm to 9.30pm Laser & Applications2 July 2014 Wednesd 6.30pm to 9.30pm Classical optics3 July 2014 Thursday 6.30pm to 9.30pm Light matter interaction I4 July 2014 Friday 1.30pm to 4.30pm Light matter interaction I4 July 2014 Friday 6.30pm to 9.30pm Guided Optics & telecom7 July 2014 Monday 6.30pm to 9.30pm Silicon photonics & nanofab8 July 2014 Tuesday 1.30pm to 4.30pm Optical cavities and resonators8 July 2014 Tuesday 6.30pm to 9.30pm Presentations9 July 2014 Wednesd 6.30pm to 9.30pm Nanophotonics10 July 2014 Thursday 1.30pm to 4.30pm Quantum optics10 July 2014 Thursday 6.30pm to 9.30pm Presentations11 July 2014 Friday 6.30pm to 9.30pm Summary & quizz


Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


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THE MEDIEVAL LECTURE


Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


Reference:

David M Harrison, “From good to great,” NTU, 5 March 2014

The lecturer would read the book to the students

A few days later, he would read the book again, perhaps with some commentary

A few days later, the “third reading”

Has anything changed since then?

Today’s students have the book too!

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SYLLABUS


Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


Reference:

David M Harrison, “From good to great,” NTU, 5 March 2014

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PRESENTATIONS

- Photosynthesis- Random or mid-IR or polariton lasers- Sun light- Solar cells- Photon Entanglement- LED patterning for lighting- Optical magnetometry- 2D materials in photonics- Numerical methods for photonics- Plasmonic materials (including new materials)-…

Examples of subjects:

Individual, 20 min presentations

Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics



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EVALUATION

- Participation to the class (3/20)

- Presentation (10/20)

- Quizz (7/20)


Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


• 10Tb/in2 areal density technologies• Thin Hybrid HD

• STT-MRAM• PCRAM• RRAM

• Nanofabrication• Spintronics• Plasmonics• Photo-Electronics

• Green Data Centre technologies, • Petabyte Genome Data Centre Platform• Large scale data management• In-memory computing and analytics• Security

NON-VOLATILE MEMORIES

HARD DISK DRIVE TECHNOLOGIES

DATA CENTRE TECHNOLOGIES

ADVANCED CONCEPTS &

NANOTECHNOLOGY

DATA STORAGE INSTITUTE – CORE COMPETENCIES

Photonics@

DSI

On-chip lasersNanoantennas & couplers

FIBER DEVICES QUANTUM OPTICAL DEVICES

HAMR

Plasmonic nanoparticle array

MAGNETO-OPTICS

Magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) tester

NANOPHOTONICS & INTEGRATION


DSI’s MAIN EXPERTISE IN PHOTONICS Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


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Nature Mater. 9, 707 (2010) Nature Comm. 2, 218 (2011)Nature Comm. 4, 1527 (2013)

Nature/Sci. Rep. 2, 492 (2012)

New ideas based on fundamental physics

Experimental verification of new ideas

Prototypes

Towards system integration


ADVANCED CONCEPTS & NANOTECHNOLOGY

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Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


Reference:

The Business Times, 28 June2014


IndustryEngagement with Psiber Data

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RF Antenna

Quantum-bio interfaces

D = 5 μm

D = 4 μm

D = 3 μm

D = 2 μm

Micro & Nanolasers Nanoantennas

Fiber devices

111/10111


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100kV EBL

Coat/Develop DUV Scanner

LITHOGRAPHYICP/RIE

Chemically Assisted IBE

ETCH

RTPANNEAL

ICP‐CVD

Ion Beam Deposition

DEPOSITIONALD

Evaporation

Mask Aligner / NIL

Tube Furnace

200 mm NANOFAB@ DSI – CLEANROOM CLUSTER

LEDs on wafer (LUMINOUS!)

Tailoring light emission with semiconductor nanostructures (DSI)


OPTICAL NANOSTRUCTURES FOR LIGHTING Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


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Sensing magnetic fields with nitrogen vacancy in diamond

Nanoring for nanoscaleMagnetic pulse generation


NANOSCALE MAGNETO-OPTICAL DEVICES Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


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Fiber

Si

CMOS Si/Metal Photonic

Si

III/V Photonic Nanowaveguide coupler

Micro-laser on siliconSuper-GRIN lens

fiber-to-chip coupler

• To develop an integration platform and key enabling technologies for photonic-system on-chip and to develop applications for optical interconnect and data storage, etc

Nanophotonic waveguide and circuits


III-V ON SILICON FOR OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS

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active medium (III-V semiconductor)emission

Directional on-chip light sources

(doi: 10.1038/ncomms1268)

Light-on-chip routing

RF Antenna


ON-CHIP INTERCONNECTS - NANOANTENNAS Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


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TPI collaborators:

COFT Prof. Luan Feng

Project Start Date: 1-Nov-12

Project End Date: 31-Oct-15

Project Leader: Lai Yicheng

Integration of ultra-fast laser to fibre draw tower.

Rapid fibre processing and dense fibre device generation

- Material independent.- Grating array with arbitrary

length and separation.- No pre/post processing required.

Multi-dimensional inscription in fibre enabled by ultra-fast laser.

8µm core


TSRP AOE“Draw tower grating inscription based on fs laser technology”

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Next generation optical fibre technology

‐ Light generation, modulation and detection within fibre itself.

‐Multi‐material, multi‐functional fibres that see, hear, sense and communicate.


SMART OPTICAL GRID AND DISTRIBUTED SENSORS Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


Reference:

AF Abouraddy et al., Nature Mat. 6,336-347 (2007)

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Quantum Spectroscopy:

IR spectroscopy with VIS light via

entangled photonsdemonstrated recently.

US Patent application 14/030 296 , 2013.

Microchannels in optical fiber for sensing.Integratable in microfluidic chips.

Photodiode

Pump laser

Nonlinearcrystal

Coincidence

Photodiode

iω

sωpω

isp ωωω +=

Monochromator

Plasmonic sensor

Enhancing SNR in spectroscopy measurements by exploiting quantum correlations of single photons


ENVIRONMENTAL SENSORS (quantum spectro, plasmonic sensors, microfluidics)

Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


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PHOTONICS @ NTU


What do you see here?

Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


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PHOTONICS IN NTU


Optics & Photonics News, June 2014Prof Tjin Swee Chuan

Director, Projects, President's Office

Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics

- Some photonicstechnologies

Reference:

Optics & Photonics News, pp 22-23, June 2014

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CENTER FOR DISRUPTIVE PHOTONICS (CDPT)


CDPT Opening, 14 December 2012

School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences

Prof NI Zheludev & friends of photonics

Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


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CENTER FOR LASER & OPTICAL ENGINEERING (COLE)


Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering

Prof Anand Asundi

Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


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CENTER FOR OPTICAL FIBER TECHNOLOGY (COFT)


Shool of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Prof Kantisara Pita

Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


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CENTER FOR OPTICAL FIBER TECHNOLOGY (COFT)


Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


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OPTIMUS


Encompasses many fields of photonics with special emphasis on telecommunications

Prof Shum Ping

Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


To become a Centre of Excellence in research and development in the various emerging areas of photonics.

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SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHTING & DISPLAYS (LUMINOUS)


Today lighting accounts for about 19 per cent of total electricity generation in the world.

Prof Hilmi Volkan Demir and collaborators

Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


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BIO-INSTRUMENTATION, DEVICES AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (VALENS)


VALENS (Latin for strong, powerful, healthy, able, worthwhile)

Photonics: Bio-imaging, lab-on-a-chip

Prof Ser Wee

Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


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Name your favorite LIGHT “heavyweight” (major contributor to optics)

Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


Recommendedreference:

-« Optical Anecdotes, » DJ Lovell, publishedby SPIE - The International Society of Optical Engineering (1981)



Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


The Author: Florian Jung© University of Applied Sciences Offenburg

Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


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FOCUSING MIRRORSArchimedes sets fire to a roman fleet in Syracuse


(3 century BC)

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CORRECTING LENSES

Nero used to watch gladiators througha polished emerald (37-68).

In the middle-age correcting lenses becamea commercial success.


Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


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SINUS LAW OF REFRACTIONSNELL, DESCARTES, OR IBN SAHR

10th century: IBN SAHR used the sinus law of refraction


Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


Reference:

« Ibn Sahl, inventeur de la loi de la refraction, » B Guizal and J Dudley, Pour la Science Nov. 2002.

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MICROSCOPES

What if we combined two lenses?

1590 Zaccharias & Hans Janssen

-fefo

-T

y

FoFo' Fe

-y'

XVIIe century: Applications in biologyAnton van Leeuwenhoek & Robert Hooke


Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


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TELESCOPE & ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS

OPTICS CHANGES OUR VISION OF THE WORLD!And challenges the power of the church.

1609, Galileo, father of astronomical observations (withTycho Brahe) introduced the telescope.

-fe

fo

d

F

Positive objective Negative

eyepiece

E

O

ffM −=


Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


What if we combined two lens?

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FRANSCESCO MARIA GRIMALDI

1660 Grimaldi coined the word « diffraction » (meaning to break into pieces) and was the first to make an accurate describe it.


Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


F M Grimaldi (1618-1663)Jesuit, Mathematician and Physicist

He noted that this was in contradiction with light following a rectilinear path but did not provide a wave interpretation

What was the first diffraction grating?

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CHRISTIAAN HUYGENS

Huygens advocated that light is a wave.

He supposed that the velocity of light was finite (before Roemer first measuredit in 1679).

He treated light as superposition of spherical waves.

He thought that light was a longitudinal wave.

Widely recognized as inventor of the ”magic lantern,” an early projector.


Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


Christaan Huygens (1629-1695)

A magic lantern


Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


NEWTON’S IMMENSE CONTRIBUTIONNewton spent long hoursexperimenting with optics.He authored « Opticks ».

He proposed a theory of colours, among many other contributions.

Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)

"If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood on the shoulders of giants."Newton’s letter to Robert Hooke


Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


Reference:

« La lumière dans tous ses états, » A Aspect, Pour la Science Oct/Dec2006.

NEWTON’S POINT OF VIEW

A strong advocate of the corpuscular theory of light, Newton fiercely rejected the wave theoryof light.

Taperet stone (Egypt ca 900 BC)

Light emitted by the sun god Horakhty appears as a flux of multicolor flowers.

Btw, for the Greeks too, vision was due to a ray exiting the eye.

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NEWTON’S TELESCOPE

What if we combined two mirrors?

Newton’s telescope(1704)


Outline

- Introduction

- EE9911 program

- Light around us

- History of optics


What is so special about this design?

ee9911_140630 - intro 1-1

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