1-sedimentology intro-1

8/18/2019 1-Sedimentology Intro-1

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Principles ofSedimentology


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SATUAN ACARA PERKULIAHANMATA KULIAH SEDIMENTOLOGI


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SEDIMENTL!"

• To provide students with knowledges and skillsin understanding sedimentary rock formation.

• #Unt$% mem&e%'li m'('sis)' deng'n&er&'g'i %e'(li'n d'l'm mem'('mi proses

pem&ent$%'n &'t$'n sedimen*

• To provide graduates to compete and to adaptin the industry in the eld of mineral andenergy resources etc..

• #Mem&e%'li l$l$s'n 'g'r m'mp$ &ers'ing d'ncep't &er'd'pt'si deng'n Ind$stri y'ng&erger'% d'l'm +id'ng Miner'l, Energi dls&-*

3


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.

SEDIMENTL!"

T(e science t('t de'ls )it( t(edescription, cl'ssi/c'tion, 'nd origin of

sediment'ry roc%s-


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RESURCES 0R TEACHIN!SEDIMENTAR" !EL!"

LITERATURES

0IELD1RKS

SEISMIC


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IMPRTANCE 0 SEDIMENTAR"RCKS

Sediment'ry roc%scont'in inform'tion'&o$t )('t e'rt(s$rf'ce en3ironments)ere li%e in t(e p'st'nd gener'lly possessn't$r'l reso$rcesincl$ding import'ntfossil f$els

T(e PRESENT is T(e Keyto T(e PAST

#4'mes H$tton, 5266*

THE PRESENT IS THE KEY TO

THE PAST IS THE KEY TO THE

FUTURE


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6

+ATU+ARA#CAL*

IL7!AS

CAL+EDMETHANE

S$c( 's Energy 'nd Miner'lReso$rces


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Sedimentary rock type of rock that is formed by sedimentation of

material at the Earth's surface

sediment was formed by weathering and erosion in asource area, and then transported to the place ofdeposition by water, wind, mass movement or

glaciers. he study of sedimentary rocks and rock strata

provides information about the subsurface

!edimentary rocks are also important sources of

natural resources like coal, fossil fuels, drinking wateror ores.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29


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The Rock CycleThe Rock Cycle

Erosion 'ndErosion 'nd

tr'nsporttr'nsport1e't(erin1e't(erin

gg

DepositionDeposition

Deform'tion 'ndDeform'tion 'ndmet'mor (ismmet'mor (ism

MeltingMelting

Solidi/c'tioSolidi/c'tionn

+$ri'l 'nd lit(i/c't

Uniformitarianism


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1"

Temporal and spa!al scales


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Prim'ry d't' so$rces for sedimentologic8str'tigr'p(ic st$dies

• $tcrops #consolid'ted 3s- $nconsolid'tedsediments*

• Cores #('nd9oper'ted 3s- po)er9dri3en*

• !eop(ysic'l d't' #e-g-, )ireline logs,seismic, gro$nd9penetr'ting r'd'r*

15


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1#

$tcrops #consolid'ted 3s-$nconsolid'ted sediments*


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1$

%ormasi &ayah, eluk iletuh

(ecent !ediments. ). !eribu

$tcrops #consolid'ted 3s- $nconsolid'tedsediments*


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1*

Unconsolid'ted sediments#:;$'tern'ry*


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sediment'ry roc%s #:pre9;$'tern'ry*


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%acies +ssociation seuence of the &rown !hale

+''. -uart sandstone and

conglomerate facies

+. oal and limestone facies

&. +malgamated massive/thick

bedded shale facies

. 0nterlaminated shale andsiltstone facies

. 0nterbedded grey and red shale

facies

E. %ossiliferous shale facies.

%. 2assive/thick beds shale facies

. 0nterlaminated shale and

sandstone facies

+ssociation facies seuence of the

&rown !hale in )it E of 4arbindooal 2ine area


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&(67 !8+E 2E2&E( % )E2++7 (:)

&rown !hale 2ember of the )ematang roup

oal seam ; # m thick< of the &rown !hale unit

K

K T

K "

K# K" $ KT %Sample Code


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==

How can we infer the EnvironmentHow can we infer the Environment

in which a rock formed?in which a rock formed?

1> m


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=3

Cores #('nd9oper'ted 3s-po)er9dri3en*


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="

Cores #('nd9oper'ted 3s- po)er9dri3en*


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=5

('nd9oper'ted

po)er9dri3en


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=#

%:

Matrix-support

ed(matrix-rich)

BOX V

2551.00-2551.95

Polymict

(rock

fragments)

BOX IV

2551.95-2552.75 M

1

=

3

Unitsedimentasi

Grain imbrication


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!OSIO"#$ SU!%#&

'&$OS( "VI!O"M")*+SUB-#,U#OUS

$#&US)!I"

/!O&$#S)I& %#$$

&O#$

(ISO!#"I( &O"$OM!#)3#$$UVI#$ %#"4

B!#I(( S)!#M

1S)

&

&

$

hin imestone?)

@&?&ase +%

Model sediment'si


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EaE! 35>/1 =*


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Introd$ction

"r!mary daa so&rces 'or sed!menolo(!c)

sra!(raph!c s&d!es

• $tcrops #consolid'ted 3s- $nconsolid'ted sediments*

• Cores #('nd9oper'ted 3s- po)er9dri3en*

• !eop(ysic'l d't' #e-g-, )ireline logs, seismic, gro$nd9penetr'ting r'd'r*

=9


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EaE! 35>/1 3>

!eop(ysic'l d't' #e-g-,)ireline logs, seismic,

gro$nd9penetr'ting r'd'r*

<

N S


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*+,

*+-

*+.

*+/

*+0

*+1TO" 2T3

M a r 4 e

l ! 5 e d

L I M E S T O

N E

060.m 0708m 0708m

0978m

0788m

0-/8m

0.1.m

19-6m

191.m

16-,m

E : ;

3 a s e m e n

E : ;

T A <

E : ;

2 T 3

0.,8 M

0,08 M

0,7. M

0,68 M

0,/8 M

0,98 M

0./8 M

0.6. M

0,-8 M

07/8 M

076. M

2T3=

/

2T3=0

TO" 2T3

2T3=1

3SM=1

TO"3SM

3SM=0

? M

/808 M

/178 M


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3=

& + ! E 2 E 7

! E 1 0 2 E 7

+ ( B

( 5 ' 4

!

C=>>>

2EE(

!E0!20 07E()(E+07


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3"

M#")I& M#/M#")I& M#/

!#VI) M#/!#VI) M#/

&!US)#$ !#VI) MO($ )!#"S&) ,-,&!US)#$ !#VI) MO($ )!#"S&) ,-, ;deep section


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M&#"I$ O! /SI$ 6#)!I"te 8reakdon of rocks and soi:s tro; s;c as eat>

ater> ice and =ress;re

P(ysic'l )e't(ering is t(ecl'ss of processes t('t c'$sest(e disintegr'tion of roc%s)it(o$t c(emic'l c('nge

T(e prim'ry process inp(ysic'l )e't(ering is'&r'sion #t(e process &y)(ic( cl'sts 'nd ot(erp'rticles 're red$ced in si@e*-

+ rock in &angka 0sland, fractured along

eDisting oints possibly by stress


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M&#"I$ O! /SI$ 6#)!I"

/ress;re re:ease

0ntrusive igneous rocks ;e.g.granite< are formed deep beneaththe Earth's surface. hey areunder tremendous pressure because of the overlying rockmaterial.

intrusive rocks are eDposed andthe pressure on them is released.he outer parts of the rocks thentend to eDpand.

he eDpansion sets up stresseswhich cause fractures parallel tothe rock surface to form.

!heets of rock break away fromthe eDposed rocks along thefractures.

)ressure release is also known asFeDfoliationF or FsheetingF.

)ressure release could have

caused the eDfoliated granite

sheets in &angka 0sland.


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)roducts of weathering

1. (esidual solid particles

/ terrigenous siliciclastics

=. !econdary minerals formed in

situ

/ clays / iron oDides

3. issolved ions

/ soluble materials carried away

in solution by surface waters or

groundwater ;a, !", 7a, 2g,

4<

Grain Size Classification of Sediments


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Grain Size Classification of Sediments

The Udden-Wentworth Scale


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!r'in Si@e

•Gravel

2mm

•Sand

1/16 mm

•Mud - Silt

1/256 mm

•Mud - Clay


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Sediment'ryRoc%s

6eaterin<

rosion

)rans=ort

(e=osition

Sediments

$itification

1-sedimentology intro-1

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