edtec 700 dm: week 2
DESCRIPTION
Problem-Based learning and decision-making skills. 1-unit course taught by Bernie Dodge at San Diego State University. http://edweb.sdsu.edu/courses/edtec700/DM/TRANSCRIPT
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EDTEC 700Using Problem-Based
Learning
to Enhance Decision-Making Skills: Week 2
Bernie Dodge, PhD
San Diego State University
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Progress Report
• What problem have you proposed?
• Who are the learners?
• What is the context?
• What challenges do you anticipate?
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Finding Problems to Learn from
• Start with outcomes
• Ask yourself: where is this skill or knowledge applied in the world?
• Find or fabricate a situation in which something is not optimal that requires that skill/knowledge.
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Steps in PBL
1. Determine whether a problem exists.2. Create an exact statement of the problem.3. Identify information needed to understand
the problem.4. Gather information and organize it.5. Generate possible solutions.6. Decide on a solution. 7. Present the solution.8. Reflect on & evaluate.
Finkle and Torp, 1995
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Pareto Analysis
• Useful at the earliest stages of the PBL process
• Purpose: decide which aspects of the problem to work on first
• Based on the Pareto Principle of 80-20.
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Exercise 3
• Based on a true story.
• Help Ms. X decide what aspects of her teaching she should work on.
http://edweb.sdsu.edu/courses/edtec700/DM/exercise3.htm
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6 Thinking Hats
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Blue Hat
• Hat worn by people chairing meetings.
• Pays attention to the process and directs the other hats to pitch in
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White Hat
• focus on the data available.
• look at the information you have, and see
• look for gaps in your knowledge, and either try to fill them or take account of them.
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Green Hat
• stands for creativity. This is where you can develop creative solutions to a problem.
• freewheeling way of thinking, in which there is little criticism of ideas.
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Red Hat
• looks at problems using intuition, gut reaction, and emotion.
• tries to think how other people will react emotionally.
• tries to understand the responses of people who do not fully know your reasoning.
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Yellow Hat
• the optimistic viewpoint that helps you to see all the benefits of the decision and the value in it.
• helps you to keep going when everything looks gloomy and difficult.
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Black Hat
• looks at all the bad points of the decision.
• tries to see why it might not work.
• highlights the weak points in a plan.
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Exercise 4
• Pick a problem or decision of personal interest to you.
• Use the worksheet to think about your problem in 6 different ways and develop a fresh set of insights.
http://edweb.sdsu.edu/courses/edtec700/DM/exercise4.htm
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Decision Trees
• Most complex of the 5 we’ve covered
• Appropriate when there are a sequence of decisions to be made
• Leads to quantifiable end points to guide decisions
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Decision Tree Steps
• Pick a starting point
• Identify two or three choices that could be made
• For each choice, pick 2-3 followup choices that one could make
• Carry through as far as feasible
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Decision Tree Steps
After the final set of choices…• Identify the values of the final outcomes
in terms of whatever variable is important to you
• Identify the probabilities of each outcome• Multiply the probabilities of each by the
value of the outcome.
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Exercise 5
• Use decision tree analysis to break a situation down into choices, consequences and probabilities.
http://edweb.sdsu.edu/courses/edtec700/DM/exercise5.htm
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PBL & the Digital Divide
• The One Laptop per Child Project is bringing technology to villages in developing countries.
• Constructivism and PBL underlie the project’s goals.
http://www.laptop.org/
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Wrapping it Up
• Final lesson design due March 3.
• Leave comments on the wiki for two other lessons this coming Wednesday, Feb 28.
• Right now: reflect on what you learned, how you learned, what you do with what you learned.