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Multidisciplinary Senior DesignProject Readiness Package

Project Title: George Eastman Museum Digitization Process ImprovementProject Number:(assigned by MSD) P19510

Primary Customer:(provide name, phone number, and email)

LElizaizbeth [email protected]

Sponsor(s):(provide name, phone number, email, and amount of support)

George Eastman Museum

Preferred Start Term: Fall 2019Faculty Champion:(provide name and email)Other Support:Project Guide:(assigned by MSD)

Beth DeBartolo (edited: Harold Paschal; June 25, 2018) March 12, 2018Prepared By Date

Received By Date

RIT – Kate Gleason College of EngineeringMultidisciplinary Senior Design

Project Readiness PackageTemplate Revised Spring 2016

Project Information

Overview:

The George Eastman Museum, located in Rochester, NY, is the world’s oldest photography museum, with a collection of millions hundreds of thousands of photography and imaging related artifacts. Collection items range from large three-dimensional objects such as cameras to small two-dimensional prints (for example, in the figure to the right, from www.eastman.org) and transparencies. Museum staff are gradually digitizing the entire collection. The digitization studio, located in the basement level of the museum, is home to four digitization stations. Two are configured for relatively small (< 16x20”) prints, one is configured for much larger (tabletop-sized) two- and three-dimensional objects, and the final station is configured for very large three-dimensional objects, which are placed on the floor to image. The digitization process is manual, and very time- and labor-intensive. Care of collections is of highest priority, so the items have to be handled gently;

any changes to the process would need to guarantee safety of the item, which—in many cases—is a unique artifact. S, and since efforts started 15 years ago, approximately 20% of the museum’s collection has been digitized.

Collection items are brought by wheeled cart in batches, based upon the estimated amount to be completed in a day or in a reasonable grouping, to the studio for imaging, where they are inspected and prepared for imaging. The primary copy station is shown above, with a



Light on tripod

Light box (not working)

Imaging station

Items to digitize

Light on tripod

Camera

Image acquisition computer

daguerreotype project in process. Sometimes objects must be sent back for repair prior to imaging; this need is identified when the objects are brought out for imaging. Some objects

require special prep work that can be done in the studio, which is done on a large table to the left of the copy station (shown belowat right). When objects are ready to image, the museum photographer places the object in position, adjusts the lighting, and focuses the camera. Each image must also contain a color calibration bar, which adds to the processing time: the museum has one calibration bar, which currently needs to be manually placed with each item. Image acquisition is done using software on a computer to the left of the workstation. Filename must be entered and image parameters set. Many objects

are photographed more than once: for example, the front and back of a piece may be imaged. When a grouping of items is digitized, the individual pieces may or may not be sequential, and items may or may not be missing, both of which affect the file naming convention. Taking the image is relatively quick (few seconds). After imaging, the collection item is returned to its cart/container. At the end of the day, all items are returned to the vault.

The 2-d copy station in the main studio has been identified as a good candidate for improvement. As shown in the floor plan, this room is fairly large; there is a smaller (15’x13’) room that could potentially be made available for a redesigned copy stand. The large work room opens out to a hallway, and nobody enters or leaves the room during digitization, since the room needs to be darkened. The large room is also where the large-format imaging areas are located. There is also a secondary small-format copy stand, but this is out of the team’s scope of work.

The priority for the MSD team will be to focus on improving the digitization process for 2-d objects <14”, for example stereo views (10,000’s of these in collection), tintypes, and <11”x14” gel silver, albumen, etc. prints. Some current speed benchmarks are:



Current copy

Work table

37’

17’

11’x13’ space

currently used as 2nd copy

15’x13’ space potentially

available for new copy

● 200 8x10 prints digitized in one day (one person, items were out of mats, sleeves not sealed, sequentially numbered – only achieved twice)

● 600 stereo images in four days (two people, required two images per piece, sequentially numbered)

● 4 cased objects per hour (one person, image object front and back, plus two images taken inside the case); maximum of 25 objects in one day

Work is currently performed by the museum photographer, sometimes along with a volunteer assistant. Staff preference is for processes that will reduce time to digitize while still performing the work with one operator. The museum staff are not currently concerned with how much space the new system takes, subject to the bounds of the studio lab.

Some issues that are particularly problematic:

● The large room where the copy stand is located is relatively dusty, which poses a problem when imaging items on flat black surfaces (e.g., black velvet), which show dust.

● The imaging table is not stable – the photographer periodically checks the tabletop with a level. Some items require the use of a light box, to provide backlighting.

● The light box on the copy stand is not currently working; the bulbs it uses are no longer available. When a light box is required, the museum photographer borrows one from another studio in the facility and places it on top of the imaging station. This requires her to raise the camera to accommodate for the added height of the object, and means that she can no longer check the focus on the camera without the use of a stepstool to access the viewport.

● Due to the quality of the lens used (lens is “soft”), frequent image quality control checks must be done.

Currently achieving a 2.5-3 star FADGI rating, would like to achieve 4 star. This will require equipment upgrades and cannot be achieved by the MSD team alone, but the team should consider the fact that equipment changes are likely to happen. (FADGI: http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/guidelines/digitize-technical.html )

Other museums have semi-automated digitization facilities, such as:

● Smithsonian conveyer system https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/museums-are-now-able-digitize-thousands-artifacts-just-hours-180953867/ ; also https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMPwoHu-TV4

● BYU carousel system, created by a senior design team http://capstone.byu.edu/previous-projects/special-collections-scanning-system

● Online Computer Library Center http://www.oclc.org/research/publications/library/2011/2011-04.pdf



MSD Improvements to George Eastman Museum Digitization Process

The current approach (described above) is labor intensive and slow. Improving the efficiency of any of the many steps of this process would help accelerate the goal of digitizing the entire collection.This MSD project will concentrate on improving the efficiency of digitizing portions of the photographic collection. A system will be designed to accurately locate a photograph in the camera’s field of view next to the color calibration bar. The system will accommodate photographs within a limited size and thickness range.The process will require only one operator. After the operator places the object on the device:

● the object shall be accurately positioned

● the shutter shall be actuated

● an operation-complete signal shall provide feedback to the operator.

* Preliminary Customer Requirements (CR):Category Requirement Importance Comment

1. Safe Safe for operator to useSafe for artifacts being digitized

2. Easy to use

Efficient digitization processOne-operator system preferredAutomation integrates with current photo processing program (CaptureOne)Works with current camera and lightsCan be adapted to new equipment in the future

3. Reliable

Supports ability to meet FADGI 4-star guideline in futureStable (doesn’t wobble or go out of level)Minimizes exposure to dustMinimizes exposure to extraneous light

[4.] Cost effectiveSize Range

Width: 2” – 11”Height: 4” – 14”Thickness: 0.2” – 0.75”



† Functional Decomposition

* Preliminary Engineering Requirements (ER): not a comprehensive list

ER CR’s Metric TargetMinimalllyA acceptable Comment

1

maximum time to position object

2 seconds 5 seconds

2maximum horizontal location error

0.1” 0.2”

3maximum vertical location error

0.1” 0.2”

4maximum angular location error

1 degree 2 degrees

56789

* Constraints:Safety: Team will be guided by OSHA standards as appropriateImage quality: Team will maintain the current FADGI score and allow for future improvementsWork with existing lights and camera system

† Potential Concepts: From above.

● Smithsonian conveyer system https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/museums-are-now-able-digitize-thousands-artifacts-just-hours-180953867/

● BYU carousel system, created by a senior design team http://capstone.byu.edu/previous-projects/special-collections-scanning-system



* Project Deliverables:Minimum requirements:

● All design documents (e.g., concepts, analysis, detailed drawings/schematics, BOM, test results)

● working prototype

● technical paper

● poster

● All teams finishing during the spring term are expected to participate in ImagineRIT

† Budget Information:

Maximum budget is $400.

* Intellectual Property:

George Eastman Museum will be using this process, so students will need to grant a limited license to use any IP created in the course of this project.



Project Resources

† Required Resources (besides student staffing):Describe the resources necessary for successful project completion. When the resource is secured, the responsible person should initial and date to acknowledge that they have agreed to provide this support. We assume that all teams with ME/ISE students will have access to the ME Machine Shop and all teams with EE students will have access to the EE Senior Design Lab, so it is not necessary to list these. Limit this list to specialized expertise, space, equipment, and materials.

Faculty list individuals and their area of expertise (people who can provide specialized knowledge unique to your project, e.g., faculty you will need to consult for more than a basic technical question during office hours)

Initial/date

Environment (e.g., a specific lab with specialized equipment/facilities, space for very large or oily/greasy projects, space for projects that generate airborne debris or hazardous gases, specific electrical requirements such as 3-phase power)

Initial/date

Equipment (specific computing, test, measurement, or construction equipment that the team will need to borrow, e.g., CMM, SEM, )

Initial/date

Materials (materials that will be consumed during the course of the project, e.g., test samples from customer, specialized raw material for construction, chemicals that must be purchased and stored)

Initial/date

OtherInitial/date

† Anticipated Staffing By Discipline:

Dept. Expected ActivitiesBMECE Interface automation with current softwareEE Electrical design of automated system.ISE Process improvementME Design of mechanical semi-automated digitization systemOther

* Skills Checklist:Indicate the sills or knowledge that will be needed by students working on this project. Please use the following scale of importance:1 = must have2 = helpful, but not essential3 = either a very small part of the project, or relates to a “bonus” featureblank = not applicable to this project



Biomedical EngineeringBME Core Knowledge BME Elective KnowledgeMatlab Medical image processingAseptic lab techniques COMSOL software modelingGel electrophoresis Medical visualization softwareLinear signal analysis and processing Biomaterial testing/evaluationFluid mechanics Tissue cultureBiomaterials Advanced microscopyLabview Microfluidic device fabrication and measurementSimulation (Simulink) Other (specify)System physiologyBiosystems process analysis (mass, energy balance)Cell cultureComputer-based data acquisitionProbability & statisticsNumerical & statistical analysisBiomechanicsDesign of biomedical devices

Computer EngineeringCE Core Knowledge CE Elective KnowledgeDigital design (including HDL and FPGA) Networking & network protocolsSoftware for microcontrollers (including Linux and Windows) Wireless networks

Device programming (Assembly, C) Robotics (guidance, navigation, vision, machine learning, control)

Programming: Python, Java, C++ 2 Concurrent and embedded softwareBasic analog design Embedded and real-time systemsScientific computing (including C and Matlab) Digital image processing

2 Signal processing Computer vision2 Interfacing transducers and actuators to

microcontrollers Network security

Other (specify)

Electrical EngineeringEE Core Knowledge EE Elective Knowledge

1 Circuit Design (AC/DC converters, regulators, amplifies, analog filter design, FPGA logic design, sensor bias/support circuitry)

Digital filter design and implementation

1 Power systems: selection, analysis, power budget Digital signal processingSystem analysis: frequency analysis (Fourier, Laplace), stability, PID controllers, modulation schemes, VCO’s & mixers, ADC selection

Microcontroller selection/application

2 Circuit build, test, debug (scope, DMM, function generator

Wireless: communication protocol, component selection

2 Board layout Antenna selection (simple design)Matlab Communication system front end designPSpice Algorithm design/simulationProgramming: C, Assembly Embedded software design/implementationElectromagnetics: shielding, interference Other (specify)

Industrial & Systems Engineering



ISE Core Knowledge ISE Elective KnowledgeStatistical analysis of data: regression Design of ExperimentMaterials science 2 Systems design – product/process designMaterials processing, machining lab Data analysis, data miningFacilities planning: layout, mat’l handling Manufacturing engineering

2 Production systems design: cycle time, throughput, assembly line design, manufacturing process design

DFx: manufacturing, assembly, environment, sustainability

1 Ergonomics: interface of people and equipment (procedures, training, maintenance) Rapid prototyping

Math modeling: OR (linear programming, simulation) Safety engineering

2 Project management Other (specify)Engineering economy: Return on InvestmentQuality tools: SPCProduction control: schedulingShop floor IE: methods, time studiesComputer tools: Excel, Access, AutoCADProgramming (C++)

Mechanical EngineeringME Core Knowledge ME Elective Knowledge

2 3D CAD Finite element analysisMatlab programming Heat transferBasic machining Modeling of electromechanical & fluid systems2D stress analysis Fatigue and static failure criteria

2 2D static/dynamic analysis 2 Machine elementsThermodynamics AerodynamicsFluid dynamics (CV) Computational fluid dynamicsLabView BiomaterialsStatistics Vibrations

2 Materials selection IC EnginesGD&TLinear ControlsComposites

2 RoboticsOther (specify)



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