THE ENVIRONMENT OF OUR EARTH HAS A NUMBER OF LIFE ZONES THAT SUPPORT BIRTH ORGANISMS.

ALL THE LIFE ZONES OF THE EARTH ARE COLLECTIVELY CALLED AS BIOSPHERE

THE BIOSPHERE VERTICALLY EXTENDS INTO THE ATMOSPHERE UPTO ABOUT 10KM AND DOWNWARDS INTO THE OCEANS UPTO DEPTH OF 10.5KM

IT EXTENDS UPTO THE DEPTH OF ABOUT 6.9KM.

ECOSYSTEM

BIOTIC ABIOTIC

PRODUCERS DECOMPOSERSCONSUMERSSOILS,MINERALS,WATER AND AIR

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

PRIMARY CONSUMERS

SECONDARY

TERTIARY

TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM

NATURAL ECOSYSTEM

ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEM

TERRESTIALECOSYSTEM

AQUATICECOSYSTEM

FRESH WATERECOSYSTEM

MARINE ECOSYSTEM

LENTIC FRESHWATERECOSYSTEM

LOTIC FRESHWATERECOSYSTEM

LAND ECOSYSTEMFRESHWATERECOSYSTEM

FORESTS PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN MAINTAINING AND REGULATING WEATHER CONDITIONS OR THE MICRO-CLIMATE OF A PARTICULAR AREA.

THEY PROTECT LAND AGAINST WASHED AWAY BY RAINS OR WINDS.PROVIDE TIMBER, FODDER, MEDICINES, FRUITS, SEEDS,GUMS,RESINS,DYES,CHARCOAL AND VARIOUS OTHER PRODUCTS

ALL THE ECOSYSTEM OF A PARTICULAR AREA IS CALLED AS “BIOME”

IT CONTAINS BIOTIC & ABIOTIC COMPONENTS PRODUCERS:grasses,herbs,shrubs CONSUMERS:These includes:- 1)PRIMARY CONSUMERS-herbivores feeding on grasses. Example:deers

2)SECONDARY CONSUMERS-snakes, lizards.

3)TERTIARY CONSUMERS- hawks,owls.

DECOMPOSERS:Various types of saprophytic fungi

ABIOTIC COMPONENTS:Organic & Inorganic components in the soil,atmosphere.

BIOTIC COMPONENTS:These include Producers, Consumers,& Decomposers.

1)PRODUCERS:Speceis of trees like Acacia.

2)CONSUMERS:

1)PRIMARY CONSUMERS-herbivores feeding on grasses.Eg:rats 2)SECONDARY CONSUMERS-snakes, lizards.

3)TERTIARY CONSUMERS- hawks,owls.

ABIOTIC COMPONENTS:Soil,sun-light.

FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM

i. LITTORAL ZONE:The shallow water zone of a

pond or a lake is called littoral zone.

ii. LIMNETIC ZONE:This is the well lighted & open zone.contain algae,free-floating plants

iii. PROFUNDAL ZONE:This is the dark zone of a pond or lake.Tortoise & big fish rest in this zone.

• Ecosystem of oceans & salt lakes are called as Marine Ecosystem.

• It is divided into Open sea & Coastal Ecosystem.

• ESTUARIES are the ecosystems found in the junction areas of soft & marine waters.

ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY OF ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY OF INDIAINDIA

INDIAN ECOSYSTEMS & THEIR DIVERSITY IS USUALLY INDIAN ECOSYSTEMS & THEIR DIVERSITY IS USUALLY AT THREE LEVELSAT THREE LEVELS

MAJOR NATURAL HABITATS-MAJOR NATURAL HABITATS-FORESTS,GRASSLANDS,DESEARTS,WETLANDS(INCLUDIFORESTS,GRASSLANDS,DESEARTS,WETLANDS(INCLUDING ESTUARIES,MANGRAVOES,CORAL REEFS&MARINE)NG ESTUARIES,MANGRAVOES,CORAL REEFS&MARINE)

HIGH MONTAIN RANGES ( BIOTIC PROVINCES :TRANS-HIGH MONTAIN RANGES ( BIOTIC PROVINCES :TRANS-HIMALAYA,NORTH-WEST HIMALAYA,EASTERN HIMALAYA,NORTH-WEST HIMALAYA,EASTERN HIMALAYA,INCLUDING NEINDIA) & ISLANDS.HIMALAYA,INCLUDING NEINDIA) & ISLANDS.

BIOGEOGRAPHIC REGIONS-WESTERN GHATS,DECCAN BIOGEOGRAPHIC REGIONS-WESTERN GHATS,DECCAN PENINSULA,EASTERN GHATS(ECO-REGION).PENINSULA,EASTERN GHATS(ECO-REGION).

BIOGRAPHIC ZONES BIOTIC STATEBIOGRAPHIC ZONES BIOTIC STATE PROVINCEPROVINCE1. THE TRANS 1. UPPER REGIONS J&K & HP1. THE TRANS 1. UPPER REGIONS J&K & HP HIMALAYA 2.NW HIMALAYA J&K & HPHIMALAYA 2.NW HIMALAYA J&K & HP 3.WEST HIMALAYA HP & 3.WEST HIMALAYA HP & UTTARANCHALUTTARANCHAL

2. HIMALAYAN 3.CENTRAL HIMALAYA SIKKIM,WB,A.P2. HIMALAYAN 3.CENTRAL HIMALAYA SIKKIM,WB,A.P 4.EAST HIMALAYA PRADESH4.EAST HIMALAYA PRADESH

3. NORTH EAST INDIA 5.NORTH EAST HILLS ASSAM3. NORTH EAST INDIA 5.NORTH EAST HILLS ASSAM MANIPURMANIPUR MEGHALAYAMEGHALAYA MIZORAMMIZORAM NAGALANDNAGALAND TRIPURATRIPURA

THE INDIAN HIMALAYA HAS BEEN THE INDIAN HIMALAYA HAS BEEN DIVIDED INTO THREE BIOGEOGRAPHIC DIVIDED INTO THREE BIOGEOGRAPHIC

DIVISIONSDIVISIONS

IF WE WANT TO SAVE OUR PRECIOUS BIOSPHERE THEN IT IS IMPORTANT TO STUDY ECOSYSTEMS

THANK YOU !!!!!!!!