economics and civics dictionary project by: imani hodge
TRANSCRIPT
Economics and Civics Dictionary Project
By:
Imani Hodge
Table of Contents
• Slide 3- Goal 1• Slide 19- Goal 2• Slide 35- Goal 3• Slide 46- Goal 4• Slide 62- Goal 5• Slide 78- Goal 6• Slide 91- Goal 7• Slide 102- Goal 8• Slide 113- Goal 9• Slide 124- Goal 10
Absolute Monarchy
• A ruler who rules alone and is not restrained by laws
Bacon’s Rebellion
• A popular revolt in colonial Virginia in 1676, led by Nathaniel Bacon
Bill of Rights
• A formal summary of rights for a group of people
Common Sense
• A sound or judgment that is not specialized by knowledge
Democracy
• Is a political government that is carried out directly to people
Dictatorship
• An autocratic control or leadership
Electoral College
• The body of electors who formally elected the president and vice president
Federalism
• A system of government in which two powers are divided between a central authority and a constituent political unit
Natural Rights
• Are rights that a person has by nature
Navigation Acts
• They were several acts of parliament to expand the trade limit in British colonies
Stamp Act
• A law passed by the British Parliament in 1765 and it required all publications and documents in the American colonies to use a tax stamp
The Albany Plan of Union
• It was a plan written by Benjamin Franklin in the year 1754
Townshend Acts
• A series of acts that were passed by the parliament of Great Britain
Virginia Plan
• It was a proposal by the Virginia delegates and it was drafted by James Madison
Bill
• An itemized list or statement of fees or charges
Censure
• An expression of a strong disapproval or harsh criticism
Delegated Powers
• They are expressed powers given to one branch of government by the Constitution
Executive Branch
• Article II made this Branch and the President of the United States is the head of this branch as well. He/she is also responsible for enforcing these laws
Filibuster
• It is the process or an instance of obstructing legislation by means of long speeches and other delaying tactics
Judicial Branch
• This branch has the federal court system and it was created by Article III
Law
• They represent crimes and punishments
Legislative Branch
• Article I established this branch (it was also known as congress). It has two houses, which are the House of Representatives, and the Senate. Their role is to make laws for the government.
Limited Government
• a type of government in which its functions and powers are prescribed
Patriot Act
• is a statute enacted by the United States Government that President George W. Bush signed into law
Popular Sovereignty
• a document in political theory that government is created by and subject to the will of the people
Preamble
• A preliminary statement, especially the introduction to a formal document that serves to explain its purpose
Treaty
• A formal agreement between two or more states
Veto
• The vested power or constitutional right of one branch or department of government
Whip
• To keep together, as members of a political party or hounds in a pack
Alderman
• A member of the municipal legislative body in a town or city in many jurisdictions
Annexation
• Where a city expands taking over previous areas
Checks and Balances
• Each branch of government has some control over the other two branches
Declaration of Rights
• It is apart of Article I
Disaster Relief
• The discipline of dealing with and avoiding risks
Governor
• The Chief Executive of a state in the United States
Lottery
• They are used to assist in school funds
Townships
• They are smaller than cities
Activist
• The use of direct and confrontational action in opposition to or support of a cause
Arbitration
• The process by which the parties to a dispute submit their differences to the judgment of an impartial person or group
Ballot
• A document listing the candidates that is used in voting
Campaign
• An operation energetically pursued to accomplish a purpose
Caucus
• A meeting of the local members of a political party
Civil Laws
• They are the body of laws of a state or nation dealing with the rights of private citizens
Delegates
• A representative of a territory in the US House of Representatives
Democrats
• One who believes in social equality or discounts distinctions in rank
Electoral College
• The body of electors who formally elect the United States president and vice president
Lawsuit
• An action brought before court, as to recover a right or redress a grievance
Lobbyists
• Someone who is employed to persuade legislators to vote for legislation that favors the lobbyist's employer
Mediation
• A negotiation to resolve differences that is conducted by some impartial party
Petition
• A formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority
Republicans
• One of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party
Voting
• A choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each candidate
Appeal
• The transfer of a case from a lower to a higher court for a new hearing
Appellate Jurisdiction
• The power of a court to review decisions and change outcomes of decisions of lower courts
Concurrent Jurisdiction
• Two or more courts from different systems simultaneously have jurisdiction over a specific case
Debate
• To engage in argument by discussing opposing points
Exclusive Jurisdiction
• One court has the power to adjudicate a case to the exclusion of all other courts
Filibuster
• A legislator who gives long speeches in an effort to delay or obstruct legislation
Forums
• A public meeting or assembly for a open discussion
Negotiation
• The involved parties or group resolve matters of dispute by holding discussions and coming to an agreement
Original Jurisdiction
• The authority held by a court to be the first court to hear a particular case
Perjury
• A criminal offense of making false statements under oath
Pocket Veto
• The President of the United States fails to sign a passed bill within ten days
Rider
• An attachment made to a document which amends the original document
Summons
• An official order requiring a person to attend court
Torts
• A body of law that addresses civil wrongs not arising out of contractual obligations
Verdict
• The findings of a jury on issues submitted to it for decision
Boot Camps
• A training camp for military recruits
Chamber of Commerce
• An association of businessmen to protect and promote business interests
Civil Laws
• These laws protect and regulate the personal rights of citizens
Criminal Laws
• Principles that refer to illegal acts that are prohibited by the state on force of fine or imprisonment
Declaration of Independence
• The proclamation made by the second American Continental Congress on July 4, 1776
Deterrence
• The act or process of discouraging actions or preventing occurrences by instilling fear
House Arrest
• People who are confined in their homes and can never leave that area
Justinian Codes
• The legal code of ancient Rome
Legal Codes
• Type of legislation that purports to exhaustively cover a complete system of laws or a particular area of law
Recidivism
• Where a person does a crime over and over again
Rehabilitation
• The restoration of someone to a useful place in society
Retribution
• A justly deserved penalty
Assembly Line
• A type of machine that makes productivity faster and more organized
Economics
• The study of how individuals use limited resources
Fiscal Policy
• Some changes in public spending
Invisible Hand
• Something that Adam Smith came up with and made up free market capitalism
Karl Marx
• He is a German philosopher that had economic views
Keynesian Theory
• A theory that makes up an aggressive government
Law of Diminishing Returns
• A statement that if variable and fixed inputs are added up, the output amount decreases
Technology
• They are machines and also goes through some scientific breakthroughs
The Communist Manifesto
• A type of document that attacked capitalism
Wealth of Nations
• It is one of the most comprehensive defenses of free market economics
Command Economy
• It is where the government owns the means of production
Credit Union
• A cooperative depository financial institution whose members can obtain loans from their combined savings
Deflation
• A decline in general price levels, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit
Labor Union
• An organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer
Market Economy
• It allows the producers and consumers to decide what is made for whom
Monopoly
• A right granted by a government giving exclusive control over a specified commercial activity
Oligopoly
• A market situation in which control over the supply of a commodity is held by a small number of producers
Partnership
• A contractual relationship between two or more persons carrying on a joint business venture
Small Business Administration
• The Government use this to help the sole proprietorship and the smaller partnerships
Traditional Economy
• People use this economy to make supplies from the past and to make what people need
Clean Air Act
• It was first enacted in 1970 and authorized the establishment of federal and state regulations that limited emissions, stationary, and mobile sources of air pollutants
Child Labor
• The full-time employment of children who are under a minimum legal age
European Union
• An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers
Fiscal Policy
• A government policy for dealing with the budget
Interest Rate
• The percentage of a sum of money charged for its use
National Debt
• The sum of all previously incurred annual federal deficits
Patriot Act
• It was passed by Congress as a response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001
Scarcity
• A small and inadequate amount
Taxation
• Governments finance their expenditure by imposing charges on citizens
World Bank
• An organization whose focus is on foreign exchange and the balance of trade
Acid Rain
• Rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions
Civic Responsibilities
• The social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force
Crime
• An act punishable by law
Individual Rights
• The sanction of independent action
Liberty
• The condition of being free from restriction or control
National Security
• The requirement to maintain the survival of the nation-state through the use of economic, military and political power
Prison Reform
• The attempt to improve conditions inside prisons, aiming at a more effective penal system
Public Service
• Employment within a governmental system, especially within the civil service
Racism
• The prejudice that members of one race are intrinsically superior to members of other races
Sexism
• Discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of the opposite sex