ecology and evolution of maple tree invasion
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Laurent J. Lamarque
Ecology and Evolution of Invasive Maple Tree
Species
PhD oral examination
York UniversityNovember 27th,
2013
Advisors: Chris Lortie and Sylvain Delzon
Spiny water flea in North America
Argentine ant in South Africa Cane toad in Australia
Biological invasions: a worldwide phenomenon
Marine invasive species (Moles et al. 2008 FEE)
Context
- Major driver of the decline of biodiversity worldwide- Cost of control amounts to $120 billion/year in the USA
Gurevitch et al. 2011 Ecol. Lett.
Context
With important ecological and economic impacts
Pysek et al. 2008 Trends Ecol. Evol.
Context
Invasive plants have been well studied
Context
Centaurea stoebe Tamarix spp
Invasive plants NOT trees Invasive trees
Number of studies (ISI WoS) 1,535 222
Most intensively studied invasive species(Pysek et al. 2008 Trends. Ecol. Evol.)
14 2
But invasive trees are understudied
State of art
Propagule pressure
Resource availability
Disturbance
Facilitation
Competitive ability
Enemy release
Allelopathy
Biological invasions are complex processes
State of art
Resource availability
Disturbance
Facilitation
Competitive ability
Enemy release
Allelopathy
Biological invasions are complex processes
State of art
Are tree invaders different?
Biological invasions are complex processes
Acer negundo L.
Acer platanoides L.
Invasive maple trees = good candidates
Material
Method
Common gardens to study genetic differences
Method
Many single common garden studies
Method
Many single common garden studies
Leading to pitfalls of data interpretation
Williams et al. 2008 Oecologia
Recent advances
Appropriate test for genetic differentiationamong invaders: reciprocal common gardens
Recent advances
Few reciprocal common garden studiesNone on invasive trees
Recent advances
Evolution vs. pre-adaptation of plasticity
Recent advances
Recent advances
Evolution vs. pre-adaptation of plasticity
Are tree invaders different?
I. Population demography
II. Traits promoting invasiveness
III. Genetic and environmental determinism of traits
Objective: ecological and evolutionary processes of tree invasions
Hierro et al. 2005 J. Ecol.
I. Population demography
Importance of biogeography to study invasions
Lamarque et al. 2012 Ecography
I. Population demography
Acer negundo: higher abundance in its introduced range
I. Population demography
Lamarque et al. 2012 Ecography
This is not true for Acer platanoides
I. Population demography
Parker et al. 2013 Ecology
And this is not a universal pattern
Interactions traits*environment
I. Population demography
Parker et al. 2013 Ecology
And this is not a universal pattern
Interspecific comparisons across resource availability gradients
Meta-analysis on trait differences between native and invasive trees
II. Traits promoting invasiveness
Research on species traits tells us a lot
Interspecific comparisons across resource availability gradients
Meta-analysis on trait differences between native and invasive trees
Research on species traits tells us a lot
II. Traits promoting invasiveness
Porté, Lamarque et al. 2011 BMC Ecology
II. Traits promoting invasiveness
Acer negundo: increased plasticity to nutrient
II. Traits promoting invasiveness
Porté, Lamarque et al. 2011 BMC Ecology
Acer negundo: and higher trait values
Lamarque et al. 2011 Biol. Invasions
II. Traits promoting invasiveness
Is it a global pattern?
II. Traits promoting invasiveness
Lamarque et al. 2011 Biol. Invasions
Traits: good determinants of tree invasiveness
Hawkes 2007 Am. Nat.
Hawkes 2007 Am. Nat.
II. Traits promoting invasiveness
Reproduction may also be important
Porté, Lamarque et al. 2011 BMC Ecology
III. Determinism of traits
Genetic and environmental determinism?
Genetic and environmental determinism?
Reciprocal common gardens in species’ native and introduced ranges
Intraspecific comparison across a resource availability gradient
III. Determinism of traits
Common Garden in Canada
Koffler Scientific Reserve at Joker’s Hill, King City, ON
Common Garden in France
INRA Pierroton research station, Cestas, Gironde
III. Determinism of traits
Phenotypic variability: VP = VG + VE + VGXE
Genetic differentiation within garden
Tra
its
Garden 1
Populations XPopulations Y
III. Determinism of traits
Phenotypic variability: VP = VG + VE + VGXE
Genetic differentiation within garden
Tra
its
Garden 1 Garden 2
No VG
Populations XPopulations Y
III. Determinism of traits
Phenotypic variability: VP = VG + VE + VGXE
Genetic differentiation within garden
Tra
its
Garden 1 Garden 2 Garden 1 Garden 2
******
No VG VG
Populations XPopulations Y
III. Determinism of traits
Phenotypic variability: VP = VG + VE + VGXE
Phenotypic plasticity between gardens
Garden 1
Populations XPopulations Y
Garden 2
VG, no VE
Tra
it
Garden 1
Populations XPopulations Y
VG, VE
Garden 2
Populations XPopulations Y
VG, VE, VGXE
Garden 2Garden 1
III. Determinism of traits
Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted
Acer negundo
Genetic differentiation within garden (VG)
Expected Observed
Populations XPopulations Y
Invasive populationsNative populations
III. Determinism of traits
Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted
Acer negundo
Genetic differentiation within garden (VG)
Expected Observed
Populations XPopulations Y
Invasive populationsNative populations
III. Determinism of traits
Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted
Genetic differentiation within garden (VG)
Expected Observed
Populations XPopulations Y
Invasive populationsNative populations
Acer platanoides
III. Determinism of traits
Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted
Acer platanoides
Genetic differentiation within garden (VG)
Expected Observed
Populations XPopulations Y
Invasive populationsNative populations
III. Determinism of traits
Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted
Different plasticity for only two traits (VGXE)
Acer negundo
Observed
Invasive populationsNative populations
Populations XPopulations Y
Expected
Tra
it
III. Determinism of traits
Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted
Different plasticity for only two traits (VGXE)
Acer negundo
Observed
Invasive populationsNative populations
Populations XPopulations Y
Expected
Tra
it
Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted
III. Determinism of traits
Pre-adapted plasticity to nutrient availability
Acer negundo
Invasive populationsNative populations
ObservedExpected
Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted
III. Determinism of traits
Acer negundo
Invasive populationsNative populations
ObservedExpected
Invasiveness might be promotedby evolution to higher trait
valuesthan by evolved trait plasticity
Genetic and environmental determinism?
But more common gardens needed for VGXE
Zenni, Lamy, Lamarque and Porté. Biol. Inv. in press
III. Determinism of traits
VG ***VE ***VGXE ***
VG ***VE ***VGXE ***VGXE
2 ***
Lamarque et al. 2011 Biol. Inv.
Are tree invaders different?
Conclusion
Lamarque et al. 2011 Biol. Inv.
Conclusion
No they aren’t
Lamarque et al. 2011 Biol. Inv.
Conclusion
No they aren’t
Lamarque et al. 2011 Biol. Inv.
Conclusion
Invasiveness and invasibility contribute equally
Thank youMerci
Milesker
A. Porté
Chris Lortie and Sylvain Delzon
Laurent J. Lamarque
Ecology and Evolution of Invasive Maple Tree
Species
PhD oral examination
York UniversityNovember 27th,
2013
Advisors: Chris Lortie and Sylvain Delzon