echem6e_solutions.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
-
Atkins & de Paula: Elements of Physical Chemistry, Sixth Edition
ANSWERS TO END OF CHAPTER EXERCISES
Oxford University Press, 2013. All rights reserved.
FOUNDATIONS
E0.1 55.6 mmol
E0.2 1.197 1024
kg
E0.3 3.7 1019
E0.4 0.97 or 97 per cent
E0.5 0.53 t
E0.6 (a) 0.050 m3
(b) 5.0 104 cm
3
E0.7 0.926 g cm3
E0.8 6.15 mol
E0.9 2.17 kg
E0.10 (a) extensive
(b) intensive
(c) intensive
(d) intensive
(e) extensive
E0.11 1.26 103
dm3 mol
1
E0.12 8.23 1019
J
E0.13 2.56 1023
kg m s1
E0.14 74.1 pm
E0.15 (a) 4.2 1010
m s2
(b) 3.8 1020
N
(c) 8.0 1020
J
E0.16 700 N
E0.17 0.4393 per cent
E0.18 (a) 810 Torr
(b) 0.962 atm
(c) 0.222 atm
(d) 103 103 Pa
E0.19 6.4 kJ
E0.20 2.6 kJ
E0.21 36 J
E0.22 140 kJ
E0.23 2.1 kJ
E0.24 12 J
E0.25 4.36 aJ
E0.26 222 kJ mol1
E0.27 459.67 F
E0.28
E0.29 (a) ( ) (b)
E0.30
E0.31 0.37, 0.14, 0.05, 0.01, 0.00
E0.32 50
E0.33 515 m s1
E0.34 3.72 J mol1
E0.35 (a) 1.580 104 cm
1
(b) 473.8 THz
(c) 3.139 1019
J
E0.36 (a) 3.31 1019
J, 199 kJ mol1
(b) 3.61 1019
J, 218 kJ mol1
(c) 4.97 1019
J, 299 kJ mol1
(d) 9.93 1019
J, 598 kJ mol1
(e) 1.32 1018
J, 798 kJ mol1
(f) 1.99 1023
J, 12 J mol1
E0.37 8.39 1011
s1
E0.38 (a) 1.91 1011
s1
(b) 1.91 1013
s1
E0.39 2030 s
E0.40 5.97 1015
s1
CHAPTER 1 The Properties of Gasses
E1.1 92.1 kPa
E1.2 2.25 kPa
E1.3 4.33 mmol
E1.4 665 bar
E1.5 10.0 atm
E1.6 418 kPa
E1.7 173 kPa
E1.8 243.6 C
E1.9 394 K
E1.10 (a) 3.6 m3
(b) 178 m3
E1.11 0.50 m3
E1.12 28.82 g mol1
130 kg
-
Atkins & de Paula: Elements of Physical Chemistry, Sixth Edition
ANSWERS TO END OF CHAPTER EXERCISES
Oxford University Press, 2013. All rights reserved.
E1.13 3.4 105 m
3
E1.14 6.8 kPa
E1.15 (a) 1.32 103
m3
(b) 61 103 Pa
E1.16 713 Torr
E1.17 132 g mol1
E1.18 16.4 g mol1
E1.19 (a) 200 kPa, 100 kPa
(b) 300 kPa
E1.20 (a) 492 m s1
(b) 614 m s1
E1.22 647 m s1
, 1.29 km s1
, 2.82 km s1
323 m s1
, 645 m s1
, 1.41 km s1
E1.23 72 K
E1.24 3.72
E1.25 0.80 g, 0.30 g
E1.26 92 mPa
E1.27 33 MPa
E1.28 1.37 m
E1.29 4.0 1010
, 4.0 108, 4.0 10
4
E1.30 4.6 1033
s1
, 4.6 1031
s1
,
4.6 1021
s1
E1.31 3.2 108 s1
E1.33 96 nm, 9.6 mm
E1.34 0.242
E1.35 3.49 108
Pa1
E1.36 (a) 101 kPa, 83.1 MPa
(b) 101 kPa, 83.7 MPa
E1.37 1.002 MPa
E1.38 4.6 105
m3 mol
1, 0.66
E1.40 a = 0.128 Pa m6 mol
1
b = 3.5 105
m3 mol
1
E1.41 874 K
E1.42 r = 0.39 nm
a = 0.423 or 0.321 Pa m6 mol
1
b = 4.93 105
m3 mol
1,
P1.43 102
P1.44 Vc = 3b
Tc = 8c/27bR
pc = a/27b2
P1.45 (a) 720 Mbar
(b) 0.21 Mbar
(c) 0.029 Mbar
CHAPTER 2
Thermodynamics: the First Law
E2.1 (a) 0.10 J
(b) 100 J
E2.2 5.5 kJ
E2.3 (a) 99 J
(b) 167 J
E2.4 +123 J
E2.5 +2.99 kJ
E2.6 1.25 kJ
E2.7 (a) 0
(b) 782 J
E2.8 100 J
E2.9 23.7 J K1
E2.10 (a) 25 J K1
mol1
(b) 42 kJ
E2.11 42 kJ
E2.12 87 kJ
E2.13 (a) 29.9 J K1
mol1
(b) 38.2 J K1
mol1
E2.14 +920 kJ, 610 s
E2.15 773 J
E2.16 41 kJ
E2.17 +1.86 kJ
E2.18 +42.5 J
E2.19 +20 kJ
E2.21 +2.468 kJ mol1
E2.22 1.2 kJ, 80 J K1
E2.23 +2.2 kJ, +2.2 kJ, +1.6 kJ
E2.24 20.83 J K1
mol1
E2.25 +641 J mol1
, +458 J mol1
P2.28 CV,m = b + 2cT
-
Atkins & de Paula: Elements of Physical Chemistry, Sixth Edition
ANSWERS TO END OF CHAPTER EXERCISES
Oxford University Press, 2013. All rights reserved.
P2.29 +818 J mol1
CHAPTER 3 Thermodynamics:
Applications of the First Law
E3.1 +6.91 mJ mol1
E3.2 +2.83 104 kJ
E3.3 (a) +2.44 kJ mol1
(b) +2.26 kJ mol1
E3.4 +39.8 kJ mol1
E3.5 +80 kJ mol1
, 5.20 kJ, +74.8 kJ
E3.6 +301 kJ
E3.7 +239 kJ mol1
E3.8 +4.96 kJ mol1
E3.9 2.48 kJ mol1
E3.10 +163 kJ
E3.11 (a) +354.8 kJ mol1
(b) +352.3 kJ mol1
E3.12 (a) 388 kJ mol1
(b) smaller
E3.13 (a) 16 kJ mol1
(b) 3028 kJ mol1
E3.14 (a) 1560 kJ mol1
(b) +51.88 kJ g1
(c) +55.5 kJ g1
, less efficient
E3.15 4564.7 kJ mol1
E3.16 85 kJ mol1
E3.17 (a) 3290 kJ
(b) 2700 kJ
E3.18 432 kJ mol1
E3.19 1225 kJ mol
E3.20 4.2 kJ K1
, +0.768 K
E3.21 (a) 1333 kJ mol1
(b) 1331 kJ mol1
(c) 815 kJ mol1
E3.24 +112.27 kJ mol1
E3.25 383 kJ mol1
E3.26 +1.9 kJ mol1
E3.27 +30.6 kJ mol1
E3.28 (a) 37 K
(b) 4.1 kg
E3.29 (a) 2205 kJ mol1
(b) 2200 kJ mol1
E3.30 (a) exothermic, rHo < 0
(b) endothermic, Ho > 0
(c) endothermic, vapHo > 0
(d) endothermic, fusHo > 0
(e) endothermic, subHo > 0
E3.31 (a) 57.20 kJ mol1
(b) 28.6 kJ mol1
(c) 138.2 kJ mol1
(d) 32.88 kJ mol1
(e) 55.84 kJ mol1
E3.32 +11.3 kJ mol1
E3.33 56.98 kJ mol1
E3.34 +40.88 kJ mol1
E3.35 (a) Decrease
(b) Decrease
(c) Increase
E3.36 (a) Increase
(b) Increase
P3.39 (a) 7.4 per cent
(b) 40 kJ
(c) 15 m
(d) higher
(e) 25 kJ
(f) 9.1 m
CHAPTER 4
Thermodynamics: the Second Law
E4.1 0.410 J K1
E4.2 (a) +120 J K1
(b) 120 J K1
E4.3 (a) 45.1 kJ mol1
(b) 165 J K1
E4.4 (a) +122 J K1
(b) +130 J K1
(c) +606 J K1
(d) +858 J K1
E4.5 +14 J K1
mol1
E4.6 2.91 dm3
E4.7 +33 J K1
-
Atkins & de Paula: Elements of Physical Chemistry, Sixth Edition
ANSWERS TO END OF CHAPTER EXERCISES
Oxford University Press, 2013. All rights reserved.
E4.8 +23.6 J K1
E4.9 93.0 J K1
E4.10 7.9 J K1
mol1
E4.11 0.63 Ti
E4.13 4.0 104
J K1
mol1
E4.14 +5.11 J K1
mol1
E4.15 0.95 J K1
mol1
E4.16 (a) +87.8 J K1
mol1
(b) 87.8 J K1
mol1
E4.17 +79 J K1
mol1
E4.18 (a) +85 J K1
mol1
(b) +34 kJ mol1
E4.20 S = R ln (Vf / Vi)
E4.21 (a) positive
(b) negative
(c) positive
E4.22 (a) 386.1 J K1
mol1
(b) +92.6 J K1
mol1
(c) 153.1 J K1
mol1
(d) 21.0 J K1
mol1
(e) +512 J K1
mol1
E4.23 5.03 kJ K1
E4.24 (a) 198.72 J K1
(b) +309 J K1
E4.25 (a) 0.69 J K1
(b) +0.41 J K1
E4.26 32.99 kJ
E4.27 (a) 93 kJ mol1
(b) Yes
(c) +300 J K1
mol1
E4.28 0.41 g
E4.29 +17 J
E4.30 (a) Yes
(b) 0.46 mol ATP
E4.31 8.1 1023
molecules ATP
E4.32 13 W m3
, 150 kW m3
, the battery.
P4.34 (a) 3.27 kW
(b) 184 kW
P4.35 (b) 0.256 J K1
mol1
CHAPTER 5
Physical Equilibria: Pure Substances
E5.1 Rhombic sulfur
E5.2 Graphite
E5.3 No
E5.4 (a) +2.70 kJ mol1
(b) 20 kJ mol1
E5.5 +4.2 kJ mol1
E5.6 3.5 kJ mol1
E5.9 (a) 1.1 kg
(b) 15 kg
(c) 1.1 g
E5.10 (a) 134.6 bar K1
(b) 135.6 bar.
E5.11 0.734 bar
E5.12 330 K
E5.13 31.69 kJ mol1
E5.14 A' = 15.15, B' = 4713 K
E5.15 758 mbar
E5.16 36.7 kJ mol1
E5.17 353 K
E5.18 (a) 3
(b) 1
E5.19 (a) 2
(b) 2
E5.19 Yes, 3.0 Torr or more
P5.24 (d) 0.69 per cent
P5.25 (a) 6.4 kPa
(c) 5.7 kPa
CHAPTER 6
The Properties of Mixtures
E6.1 17.5 g
E6.2 8.92 105
mol kg1
E6.3 0.443 mol kg1
E6.4 xB = 0.355, xT = 0.645
E6.5 0.7810, 0.2094, 0.096
E6.6 1.80 103
-
Atkins & de Paula: Elements of Physical Chemistry, Sixth Edition
ANSWERS TO END OF CHAPTER EXERCISES
Oxford University Press, 2013. All rights reserved.
E6.7 886.8 cm3
E6.8 96.9 cm3
E6.9 +1.8 kJ mol1
E6.10 +32.631 J mol1
E6.11 (a) 1.31 kJ mol1
(b) +4.38 J K1
mol1
E6.12 1.4 kJ mol1
, +4.71 J K1
mol1
E6.14 4.99 kPa
E6.15 2.30 kPa
E6.16 37 J mol1
E6.17 6.41 103 kPa
E6.18 4.8 103
E6.19 129 kPa
E6.20 (a) 1.3 mmol dm3
(b) 17.0 mmol dm3
E6.21 0.50 mmol kg1
, 0.28 mmol kg1
E6.22 34.3 mmol dm3
E6.23 0.97, 0.03.
E6.24 861 Torr, 1103 Torr
E6.26 5.6 kJ mol1
E6.27 59.1 g mol1
E6.28 +0.068 K
E6.29 +0.40 K
E6.30 207 g
E6.32 0.11 C
E6.33 88.19 g mol1
E6.34 13.9 kg mol1
E6.35 0.36, 0.81
E6.40 (a) 5% tin by mass
(b) No Ag3Sn in the solid
(c) 20% Ag3Sn by mass
E6.46 0.25
P6.47 (a) 0.072
(b) 53.1039 cm3 mol
1
P6.49 (a) 5 cm3
(b) 56 g , 14 g
(c) 170 g
CHAPTER 7
Chemical Equilibrium: The Principles
E7.1 (a)
[ ]
( )
(b) [ ]
[ ]
(c) [ ]
(d) [ ]
[ ]
E7.2 +12.3 kJ mol1
E7.3 (a) 48.3 kJ mol1
(b) 66.1 kJ mol1
E7.4 +6.8 kJ mol1
E7.5 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
E7.6 14.4 kJ mol1
E7.7 2.31
E7.8 (a) 5.2 1011
mol dm3
(b) 850
E7.9 2.42 kJ mol1
E7.10 4.36
E7.11 1.38 1046
E7.12 245 kJ mol1
E7.13 1
E7.14 (a) 3.5 103
(b) 2.3 102
(c) 36
E7.15 (a) , exergonic
(b) +, endergonic
(c) +, endergonic
(d) , exergonic
E7.16 (a) 1110 K
(b) 397 K
(c)
E7.17 1500 K
-
Atkins & de Paula: Elements of Physical Chemistry, Sixth Edition
ANSWERS TO END OF CHAPTER EXERCISES
Oxford University Press, 2013. All rights reserved.
E7.18 (a) 91.14 kJ mol1
(b) +594.6 kJ mol1
(c) 66.8 kJ mol1
(d) +99.8 kJ mol1
(e) 415.80 kJ mol1
E7.19 (a) K > 1
(b) K < 1
(c) K > 1
(d) K > 1
(e) K > 1
E7.20 49.8 kJ mol1
E7.21 30.0 kJ mol1
E7.22 25.1 kJ mol1
E7.23 +26 kJ mol1
E7.24 0.7 kJ mol1
E7.26 0.0958, 0.9042
E7.27 1.93 bar, 1.10 bar, 0.03 bar
E7.28 2.7 104
bar
E7.29 (a) 0.016 mol dm3
, 0.013 mol dm3
(b) 45 per cent
E7.30 0.20 bar, 0.20 bar, 7.6 105
bar
E7.31 +41.1 kJ mol1
E7.32 3.1 103
E7.33 4.53 1046
E7.34 (a) + 52.9 kJ mol1
(b) 52.9 kJ mol1
E7.35 (a) 9.24
(b) 12.9 kJ mol1
(c) +161 kJ mol1
(d) +248 J K1
mol1
E7.36 187.78 kJ mol1
E7.37 16.8 J K1
mol1
E7.38
P7.39 (a) 0.0456
(c)
P7.40 30 Torr, 5 Torr
CHAPTER 8
Chemical Equilibrium: Equilibria In Solution
E8.1 All equations are of the form
acid1 + base2 acid2 + base1 (a) H2SO4(aq) + H2O(l)
H3O+(aq) + HSO4
(aq)
(b) HF(aq) + H2O(l)
H3O+(aq) + F
(aq)
(c) C6H5NH3+(aq) + H2O(l)
H3O+(aq) + C6H5NH2(aq)
(d) H2PO4(aq) + H2O(l)
H3O+(aq) + HPO4
2(aq)
(e) HCOOH(aq) ) + H2O(l)
H3O+(aq) + HCO2
(aq
E8.2 All equations are of the form
acid1 + base2 acid2 + base1 and are written without state symbols
for clarity. (a) CH3CH(OH)COOH + H2O
H3O+ + CH3CH(OH)CO2
(b) HOOC(CH2)CH(NH2)COOH + H2O
H3O+ + HOOC(CH2)CH(NH2)COO
HOOC(CH2)CH(NH2)COO + H2O
H3O+ +
O2C(CH2)CH(NH2)COO
H2O + HOOC(CH2)CH(NH3+)COOH
O2C(CH2)CH(NH2)COO + OH
(c) NH2CH2COOH + H2O
H3O+ + NH2CH2CO2
H2O + NH2CH2COOH
NH3+CH2COOH + OH
H2O + NH2CH2CO2
NH3+CH2CO2
+ OH
(d) HOOCCOOH + H2O
H3O+ + HOOCCO2
HOOCCO2 + H2O
H3O+ +
O2CCO2
E8.3 (a) 4.8
(b) 2.8
(c) 13.3
(d) 4.3
E8.4 (a) 9.5 mmol dm3
, 2.0
(b) 21 mmol dm3
, 12.3
(c) 53 mmol dm3
, 1.3
E8.5 (a) 1.6 107
mol dm3
, 6.8
(b) 1.6 107
mol dm3
, 6.8
E8.6 (a) 2 D2O(l) D3O+(aq) + OD
(aq)
(b) 14.9
-
Atkins & de Paula: Elements of Physical Chemistry, Sixth Edition
ANSWERS TO END OF CHAPTER EXERCISES
Oxford University Press, 2013. All rights reserved.
(c) 3.67 108
mol dm3
(d) 7.43
(e) 14.9
E8.7 0.41, 0.30
E8.9 +57.1 kJ mol1
E8.10 +4.763 kJ mol1
E8.11 8.02
E8.12 (a) 5 per cent
(b) 0.34 per cent
(c) 2.4 per cent
E8.13 (a) 1.94, 12.1
(b) 3.7, 10.3
(c) 0.9, 13.1
E8.14 (a) 1.6 105
(b) 1
(c) 5.0
E8.15 (a) 6.6
(b) 2.1
(c) 1.5
E8.16 0.07 mol dm3
, 1.4 1013
mol dm3
E8.17 9.2 105
mol dm3
,
1.1 1010
mol dm3
E8.18 16 mmol dm3
, 4 mmol dm3
E8.19 4.37
E8.20 (a) acidic
(b) basic
(c) basic
(d) neutral
(e) acidic
(f) acidic
E8.21 9.2, 4.8
E8.22 4.8
E8.23 None of the Br is protonated
E8.24 13.5, 34 cm3
E8.26 2.71
E8.27 (a) 5.1
(b) 9.1
(c) 2.7
E8.28 (a) 2.9
(b) 4.6
(c) 12.5 cm3
(d) 4.74
(e) 25.0 cm3
(f) 8.72
E8.29 5.16, 6.92 106
, 3.38
E8.30 8.00
E8.32 (a) 3.08, 8.32 104
(b) 2.78
E8.34 (a) 4.75
(b) 5.0
(c) 4.1
E8.35 (a) 24
(b) 35
(c) 11.513.5
(d) 68
(e) 57
E8.36 (a) H3PO4 and NaH2PO4
(b) NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4, or NaHSO3
and Na2SO3
E8.37 (a) Ks = s2
(b) Ks = s2
(c) Ks = 27s4
(d) Ks = 4s3
E8.38 (a) 1.0 105
mol dm3
(b) 1.2 104
mol dm3
(c) 9.3 1011
mol dm3
(d) 6.9 107
mol dm3
E8.39 (a) 5.5 1010
mol dm3
(b) 3.2 103
mol dm3
(c) 1.6 107
mol dm3
(d) 2.5 107
mol dm3
E8.40 +253 kJ mol1
E8.41 1.25 105
mol dm3
E8.42 (a) {
}
{
}
(b) increase
P8.45 (a) 17.8, 22.3
CHAPTER 9
Chemical Equilibrium: Electrochemistry
E9.1 1.35
E9.2 (a) 2.73 g
(b) 2.92 g
E9.3
E9.4 0.018, 0.018
-
Atkins & de Paula: Elements of Physical Chemistry, Sixth Edition
ANSWERS TO END OF CHAPTER EXERCISES
Oxford University Press, 2013. All rights reserved.
E9.5 2.022
E9.6 13.83 mS m2 mol
1
E9.7 7.63 mS m2 mol
1
E9.8 347 m s1
E9.9 (a) 12.6 mS m2 mol
1
(b) 210 S mol1/2
m1/2
E9.10 1.364 105
dm3
E9.11 3.70
E9.12 4.85
E9.13 O2(g) + 4 H+(aq) +4 e
2 H2O(l) Right-hand
cysteine(aq) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 e
2 cystine(aq) Left-hand
E9.14 (a) +1.14 V
(b) 440 kJ mol1
E9.15 28 mV
E9.16 1.18 V
E9.17 (a)
R: Ag+(aq, bR) + e
Ag(s)
L: Ag+(aq, bL) + e
Ag(s)
RL: Ag+(aq, bR) Ag
+(aq, bL)
(b)
R: 2 H+(aq) + 2 e
H2(g, pR)
L: 2 H+(aq) + 2 e
H2(g, pL)
RL: H2(g, pL) H2(g, pR)
(c)
R: MnO2(s) + 4 H+(aq) + 2 e
Mn2+
(aq) + 2 H2O(l)
L: [Fe(CN)6]3
(aq) + e
[Fe( N)6]4
(aq)
RL:
MnO2(s) + 4 H+(aq) + 2 [Fe(CN)6]
4(aq)
Mn2+
(aq) + 2 [Fe(CN)6]3
(aq)
+ 2 H2O(l)
[ ][[ ] ]
[ ] [[ ]
]
(d)
R: Br2(l) + 2 e Br
(aq)
L: Cl2(g) + 2 e l
(aq)
RL:Br2(l) + 2 Cl(aq)
l2(g) + 2 Br(aq)
( )[ ]
[ ]
(e)
R: Sn4+
(aq) + 2 e Sn
2+(aq)
L: 2 Fe3+
(aq) + 2 e
Fe2+
(aq)
RL: Sn4+
(aq) + 2 Fe2+
(aq)
Sn2+
(aq) + 2 Fe3+
(aq)
[ ][ ]
[ ][ ]
(f)
R: MnO2(s) + 4 H+(aq) + 2e
Mn2+
(aq) + 2 H2O(l)
L: Fe2+
(aq) + 2 e Fe(s)
RL: Fe(s) + MnO2(s) + 4 H+(aq)
Fe2+
(aq) + Mn2+
(aq) + 2 H2O(l)
[ ][ ]
[ ]
E9.18 (a) 0
(b) 0
(c) +0.87 V
(d) 0.27 V
(e) 0.62 V
(f) +1.67 V
E9.19 (a) v = 2
(b) v = 2
(c) v = 4
(d) v = 2
(e) v = 2
(f) v = 1
E9.20 (a) +0.08 V
(b) +1.23 V
(c) +0.08 V
(d) +0.695 V
(e) +0.54 V
(f) +0.36 V
E9.21 (a) +1.23 V
(b) +1.11 V
E9.22 (a) right-hand
(b) +0.09 V
E9.23 (a) decreases
(b) increases
(c) increases
(d) increases
-
Atkins & de Paula: Elements of Physical Chemistry, Sixth Edition
ANSWERS TO END OF CHAPTER EXERCISES
Oxford University Press, 2013. All rights reserved.
(e) decreases
(f) decreases
E9.24 (a) decrease
(b) decrease
(c) increase
(d) increase
(e) decrease, decrease
(f) no effect
E9.25 (a) 1.20 V
(b) 1.19 V
E9.26 (a) 394 kJ mol1
(b) 788 kJ mol1
(c) +75 kJ mol1
(d) 291 kJ mol1
(e) 291 kJ mol1
(f) + 498 kJ mol1
E9.27 (a) 40 kJ mol1
(b) +29.7 kJ mol1
(c) 313 kJ mol1
E9.28 (a) +0.324 V
(b) + 0.45 V
E9.29 +0.37 V
E9.30 (a) +88.8 kJ mol1
, +146.39 kJ mol1
,
+188 J K1
mol1
(b) +88.5 kJ mol1
E9.31 (a) +1.57 V, 606 kJ mol1
,
+75 kJ mol1
(b) 606 kJ mol1
E9.32 (a) 6.5 109
(b) 1.2 107
(c) 67.3 1043
(d) 1.0 1025
(e) 8.3 107
(f) 1.6 103
E9.33
[ ]
[ ][
]
E9.34 (a) +0.94 V
(b) { - ln - H }
E9.35 +0.22 V
E9.36 (a) 0.6111 V
(b) 0.22 V
(c)
(d) +0.41 V
(e) 10.33
E9.37 (a) No
(b) Yes
E9.38 571 kJ mol1
P9.40 (b) +0.206 V
CHAPTER 10
Chemical Kinetics: The Rates of Reactions
E10.1 1.2 mmol dm3
E10.2 1.6 mol dm3
s1
, 0.8 mol dm3
s1,
2.4 mol dm3
s1
E10.3 0.80 mol dm3
s1
E10.4 mol1
dm6 s1
E10.5 kr1: mol
1 dm
3 s1
, kr2: mol
1 dm
3
E10.6 kr1: kPa1/2
s1
, kr2: dimensionless
E10.7 3.7 107 mol
1 dm
3 s1
E10.9 4.977 mol1
dm3 s1
E10.10 second order, 1.9 mol1
dm3 s1
E10.11 1.12 104
s1
E10.12 1.09 103
mol1
dm3
E10.13 1.12 104
s1
, 1.09 103
mol1
dm3
E10.16 (a) 14 Pa s1
(b) 1.5 103 s1
E10.17 (a) v = kr[ICl][H2]
(b) 0.162 mol1
dm3 s1
(c) 20.6 107
mol1
dm3 s1
E10.18 0.248 s1
E10.19 (a) second-order
(b) 7.80 103
dm3 mol
1 s1
E10.20 second-order, 1.32 mol1
dm3 s1
E10.22 [ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ]
E10.23 0.287 mol1
dm3 min
1
E10.25 1326 s
E10.26 3100 a
E10.27 (a) 0.63 g
(b) 0.16 g
-
Atkins & de Paula: Elements of Physical Chemistry, Sixth Edition
ANSWERS TO END OF CHAPTER EXERCISES
Oxford University Press, 2013. All rights reserved.
E10.28 (a) 0.138 mol dm3
(b) 0.095 mol dm3
E10.29 13.6 s
E10.30 5.69 h, 78.4 kPa, 77.6 kPa
E10.31 633 s
E10.32 (a) 1.86 1023
a
(b) 27.1 s
E10.33 104 kJ mol1
, 1.15 1015
dm3 mol
1 s1
E10.34 298.86 K
E10.35 52 kJ mol1
E10.36 35.9 kJ mol1
E10.37 272 kJ mol1
E10.38 121 kJ mol1
E10.39 21.6 kJ mol1
E10.40 47.8 kJ mol1
E10.41 (a) 1.62 1020
(b) 5.52 1013
4 1011
dm3 mol
1 s1
E10.42 3 1011
dm3 mol
1 s1
E10.43 0.8 nm2
E10.44 126 kJ mol1
E10.45 3.4 J K1
mol1
P10.47 (b) 105.1 kJ mol1
, +26.6 kJ mol1
,
34.4 kJ mol1
CHAPTER 11
Accounting for the Rate Laws
E11.1 7.5 105 s1
E11.2 (a) 7.12 105 s1
(b) 4.00 1010
mol1
dm3 s1
E11.3 39.1 d
E11.4 { ( )
}[A ]
[B]
E11.7 (a) 3 ClO(aq) ClO3
(aq) + 2 Cl
(aq)
(b) first step
E11.11 increase
E11.12 1.89 106
Pa1
s1
E11.13 (a) 6.61 106 m
3 mol
1 s1
(b) 3.0 107 m
3 mol
1 s1
E11.14 (a) 5.2 108
mol m2
s1
(b) 1.6 1011
mol
E11.15 (a) 27 h
(b) 2.7 103 h
(c) 3.0 103 a
E11.16 (a) 6.3 109
m2 s1
(b) 1.6 109
m2 s1
E11.17 No, 6.4 104 a
E11.18 1 106
E11.19 17 kJ mol1
E11.20 5.6 1022
E11.21 The reaction is firstorder in H2O2 and
in Br, and secondorder overall
E11.22 [ ]
[ ]
[ ] [ ]
E11.25 1.62 mmol dm3
E11.26 1.18 105
s1
, 7.9 106 mol
1 dm
3 s1
,
no
E11.27 2.31 mol dm3
s1
, 1.11 mol dm3
,
1.2 102 s1
E11.28 2.31 mol dm3
s1
, 1.11 mol dm3
E11.31 [ ] { [ ]}
[ ]
[ ][ ]
[ ] [ ]
CHAPTER 12
Quantum Theory
E12.1 3.05 1019
J
E12.2 8.226 104 cm
1
E12.3 (a) 6.6 1019
J, 4.0 102 kJ mol
1
(b) 3.3 1020
J, 20 kJ mol1
(c) 1.3 1033
J, 1.8 1018
kJ mol1
E12.4 9.96 105 m s
1
E12.5 2.52 eV
E12.6 1.32 106 m s
1
E12.7 (a) 6.6 1031
m
(b) 6.6 1039
m
(c) 99.7 pm
-
Atkins & de Paula: Elements of Physical Chemistry, Sixth Edition
ANSWERS TO END OF CHAPTER EXERCISES
Oxford University Press, 2013. All rights reserved.
E12.8 (a) 1.23 pm
(b) 39.6 pm
(c) 3.88 pm
E12.9 4 1036
m
E12.10 (a) 1.10 1027
kg m s1
(b) 9.5 1024
kg m s1
(c) 3.31 1036
kg m s1
E12.11 2.2 1024
m s1
E12.12 (a) 6.1 104
N
(b) 6.1 1010
Pa
(c) 1600 s
E12.13 (1/L1/2
)
E12.14 0, 0.5887 / a1/2
E12.15 0.900 nm
E12.16 2.1 1029
m s1
E12.17 1.1 1026
m
E12.18 5.8 105 m
E12.20 (a) 1.8 104
(b) 5.9 105
E12.21 9.84 1023
J
E12.22 (1,4) and (2,2)
E12.23 L / 4, 3L / 4
E12.24 (a) 2.2 1020
J
(b) 9.2 m
E12.25 1.25 m
E12.27 (a) 3.6 103
(b) 9.4 1014
E12.28 (a) 4.34 1047
kg m2
(b) 1.55 mm
E12.29 8.79 1011
s1
E12.30 2.91 1022
J
E12.31 2.10 1022
J
E12.32 0.04 N m1
E12.33 (a) 6.90 1013
s1
(b) 4.34 m
E12.34 4.87 1013
s1
P12.35 (a) 1.84 104
, 2.36 104
(b) 0.196, 0.609, 0.196
P12.36 (a) 6.423 1013
s1
(b) 2146 cm1
(c) 2098 cm1
, 2094 cm1
, 2045 cm1
CHAPTER 13
Atomic Structure
E13.1 410.296 nm
E13.2 6
E13.3 (a) 6842 cm1
(b) 27 cm1
(c) 1.359 1019
J
E13.4 27 cm1
E13.5 2, 4
E13.7 109718 cm1
, 109723 cm1
42688 cm1
, 42670 cm1
54859 cm1
, 54862 cm1
E13.8 122.31 eV
E13.9 7503 nm, 5908 nm, 3282 nm
E13.10 3093 nm
E13.11 (a) 397.13 nm (b) 3.400 eV
E13.12 (a) 109736 cm1
(b) 13710 cm1
, 185810 cm1
(c) 1.962 1019
J, 122.5 eV
E13.14 14.0 eV
E13.15 16
E13.16 (a) no nodes
(b) no angular, 2 radial nodes
(c) 2 angular, no radial nodes
(d) 1 angular, no radial nodes
(e) 1 angular, 1 radial node
E13.17 (a) 1
(b) 9
(c) 49
E13.18 (a) 2
(b) 14
(c) 22
E13.19 0.602 a0, 31.8 pm
E13.20 (a) 0.262 a0, 2.530 a0
(b) 0.090 a0, 3.845 a0
E13.21 (a) 1.4 105
(b) 1.1 104
-
Atkins & de Paula: Elements of Physical Chemistry, Sixth Edition
ANSWERS TO END OF CHAPTER EXERCISES
Oxford University Press, 2013. All rights reserved.
E13.22 (a) 1.9 a0, 7.10 a0
(b) 1.87 a0, 6.61 a0, 15.5 a0
E13.23
E13.24 0, 90, 180, 270
E13.25 (a) (n l 1)
(b) l
(c) (n 1)
E13.26 (a) fermion
(b) fermion
(c) fermion
(d) boson
E13.27 (a) forbidden
(b) allowed
(c) allowed
(d) forbidden
(e) allowed
(f) forbidden
E13.28 5f nd and 5f ng
E13.30 3D,
1D,
3P,
1P,
3S and
1S
E13.31 2, 1, 0
E13.32 (a) 1S0
(b) 3F4,
3F3 and
3F2
(c) 5S2
(d) 5P3,
5P2 and
5P1
E13.33 (a) 3F,
3F2
(b) 5
E13.34 2D
E13.35 Al: 2P1/2, Cl:
2P3/2
E13.36 Fe2+
E13.37 0.98 eV, 95 kJ mol1
E13.38 (a) allowed
(b) forbidden
(c) allowed
E13.39 2.10 meV
P13.40 (a) a0
(b) 2.68 107
, 2.47 108
(c) 5.24 a0
P13.42 (a) 342 km s1
CHAPTER 14
The Chemical Bond
E14.2 1870 kJ mol1
E14.3 CH = C(1)H(2) + C(2)H(1)
E14.5 1 = 2pz,A(1)2pz,B(2)
+ 2pz,A(2)2pz,B(1)
2 = 2px,A(1)2px,B(2)
+ 2px,A(2)2px,B(1)
3 = 2py,A(1)2py,B(2)
+ 2py,A(2)2py,B(1)
E14.7 1 = h1(1)1s,H1(2) + h1(2)1s,H1(1)
1 = h2(1)1s,H2(2) + h2(2)1s,H2(1)
1 = h3(1)1s,H3(2) + h3(2)1s,H3(1)
1 = h4(1)1s,H4(2) + h4(2)1s,H4(1)
E14.10 210
E14.12 n even: ungerade
n odd: gerade
E14.13 n even: ungerade
n odd: gerade
E14.17 F2+ < F2 < F2
E14.18 O2+ < O2 < O2
< O2
2
E14.19 (a) H - g
(b) g
(c) Be g
(d) g
g
(e) N g
g
(f) g
g
g
E14.20 C2
E14.21 32
E14.22 (a) gerade
(b) not applicable
(c) gerade
(d) ungerade
E14.23 (a) C2, CN
(b) NO, O2, F2
E14.24 N2 < NO
E14.25 N-
N
E14.26 No
E14.28 (a) Non-polar
(b) Polarized towards H
E14.29 a2u, e1g, e2u, b2g
E14.30 (b) 6.00 eV, 103 nm
E14.31 60720 cm1
, 7.35 eV
-
Atkins & de Paula: Elements of Physical Chemistry, Sixth Edition
ANSWERS TO END OF CHAPTER EXERCISES
Oxford University Press, 2013. All rights reserved.
E14.32 (a) Benzene: + 2 + +
2
Cycloocatene: + 2 + 21/2
+ 21/2 21/2 21/2
2
(b) Benzene: 2
Cycloocatene: 0.988
(c) 1.517
E14.33 (a) 7 + 7
(b) 5 + 7
CHAPTER 15
Molecular Interactions
E15.1 36 J mol1
E15.2 6.3 1030
C m
E15.3 nonpolar
E15.4 0.69 D, 0.40 D
E15.5 1.26 D
E15.6 0.80 D, 0.40 D, 0 D
E15.7 0, 2.44 D
E15.8 (a) 1.41 D
(b) 2.44 D
(c) 1.06 D
(d) 1.69 D
E15.9 3.7 D, 17.8
E15.10 1.17 1029
C m, 3.50 D
E15.11 476 kJ mol1
, 87.4 kJ mol1
E15.13 (a) 3.72 kJ mol1
(b) 0.365 J mol1
E15.14 C2 m
2 J1
E15.15 196 pm
E15.16 2.32 1024
J
E15.17 1.10 kJ mol1
E15.18 7.1 1027
J, 4.2 103
mol1
E15.19 7.0 1020
J,42 kJ mol1
E15.20 230 to 410 pm
E15.23 479 pm
E15.24 12.7 kJ mol1
, 699 pm
E15.25 11.6 kJ mol1
, 2.11 1012
s1
CHAPTER 16
Materials: Macromolecules and Aggregates
E16.1 0.880 m, 0.311 m, 12.7 nm
E16.2 2.75 m, 2.91 nm
E16.3 14000
E16.4 0.042 J K1
mol1
E16.5 0.41 nN
E16.7 Serum albumin: globular
Bushy stunt virus: globular
DNA: rod-like
E16.8 68 J
E16.9 5.8 cm
E16.10 23 mN m1
E16.11 (a) 1.4 kPa
(b) 0.14 kPa
E16.12 97 mmol m2
E16.13 95 kg mol1
, 97 kg mol1
E16.14 18 kg mol1
, 20 kg mol1
E16.15 1.27
E16.16 244
E16.17 2.5 103 kg mol
1
P16.18 (a) 0.9 nm
(b) 10.0 nm
(c) 8.89 nm
P16.20 (a) 2.70 pN
CHAPTER 17
Metallic, Ionic, and Covalent Solids
E17.1 metallic conductor
E17.3 (a) n-type
(b) p-type
E17.4 6.0 K
E17.6 +3500 kJ mol1
E17.7 +1593 kJ mol1
E17.8 0.947
E17.9 Nz2e
2d
E17.10 2.04 1018
J
E17.11 0.396 nm2, 2.41 10
3 kg m
3
-
Atkins & de Paula: Elements of Physical Chemistry, Sixth Edition
ANSWERS TO END OF CHAPTER EXERCISES
Oxford University Press, 2013. All rights reserved.
E17.12 3.9
E17.13 4.01 103 kg m
3
E17.14 (a) 221 pm
(b) 110 pm
E17.16 (321), (111), (122), ( )
E17.19 (a) 330 pm
(b) 233 pm
(c) 572 pm
E17.20 135 pm, 70 pm
E17.21 66.1 pm
E17.22 798 pm
E17.24 body-centred cubic
E17.25 8.97 103 kg m
3
E17.26 0.907
E17.27 0.740
E17.28 0.740 g cm3
E17.29 520 nm
E17.30 600 nm
E17.31 92 per cent
E17.32 rock salt
CHAPTER 18
Solid Surfaces
E18.1 (a) 1.075 1025
m s1
,
1.433 1018
m s1
, 2.298 1024
m s1,
3.064 1017
m s1
E18.2 8.8 kPa
E18.3 2.14 105 Pa
E18.4 1.15
E18.5 48.5 m2
E18.6 60 Pa, 4.9 kPa
E18.8 2,808 Pa1
, 0.5660 cm3
E18.9 24.5 kJ mol1
E18.10 15.02 kJ mol1
E18.14 165, 13.1 cm3
E18.15 3.2 s
E18.16 (a) 611 kJ mol1
(b) 1.1 1013
s
E18.17 (a) 1.4 1097
min
(b) 2.8 106
min
E18.18 0.45
E18.21 154 mV
E18.22 1.66 mA cm2
E18.23 (a) 0.31 mA cm2
(b) 5.41 mA cm2
(c) 4.6 1043
A cm2
E18.24 (a) 4.9 1015
s1
, 3.9 s1
(b) 1.6 1016
s1
, 13 s1
(c) 3.1 107 s1
, 2.4 108
s1
E18.25 0.794 mA cm2
, 0.378
E18.26 0.491, 0.151 A m2
, 40.4 mA m2
E18.27 19.8 mA cm2
, 0.496
P18.29 (a) 9.2 1010
N, 0.69
P18.31 (a) +1.23 V, +1.06 V
(b) 0.17 mA cm2
(c) 0.17 mA cm2
CHAPTER 19
Spectroscopy: Molecular rotations and
vibrations
E19.1 6.78 1014
Hz, 22600 cm-1
E19.2 (a) 2.94 103
cm1,
3.41 m
E19.3 3.6 1033
E19.4 (a) 4.601 1048
kg m2 s1
(b) 9.196 1048
kg m2 s1
(c) 7.150 1046
kg m2 s1
E19.5 1.824 1012
Hz, 60.84 cm1
9.126 1011
Hz, 30.44 cm1
1.174 1010
Hz, 0.3915 cm1
E19.6 2.66 109 s1
, 0.8888 cm1
E19.7 4mBrB2, 2mBrB
2
E19.8 5.149 GHz, 10.30 GHz
E19.9 Spectrum: HCl, N2O, O3, SF4
No spectrum: XeF4
E19.10 All
E19.11 289
E19.12 17
E19.13 (a) 636 GHz, 21.2 cm1
-
Atkins & de Paula: Elements of Physical Chemistry, Sixth Edition
ANSWERS TO END OF CHAPTER EXERCISES
Oxford University Press, 2013. All rights reserved.
E19.14 232.1 pm
E19.16 162.2 pm, 192 GHz, 0.2029 cm1
,
6.233 108
cm1
E19.18 116.28 pm, 155.97 pm
E19.19 659.999936 nm, 7.02 107 m s
1
E19.20 2.30 107 m s
1, 8.3 10
5 K
E19.21 (a) 53 ps
(b) 5.3 ps
(c) 160 ps
E19.22 53 cm1
, 10.27 cm1
E19.23 20603 cm1
E19.24 116.2 pm
E19.25 (a) 4.49 1013
Hz
(b) 4.39 1013
Hz
E19.26 443 N m1
E19.27 (a) 967.4 N m1
(b) 515.6 N m1
(c) 411.8 N m1
(d) 314.2 N m1
E19.28 2930 cm1
, 2114 cm1
, 1874 cm1
,
1634 cm1
, 3062 cm1
E19.30 2170.21 cm1
, 0.012
E19.31 (a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 48
(d) 54
E19.32 2700.6 cm1
E19.33 1.265
CHAPTER 20
Electronic Transitions and Photochemistry
E20.1 (a) 1.48 104 dm
3 mol cm
1
(b) 9.506 103
E20.2 0.66, 55 dm3 mol
1 cm
1, 0.048
E20.3 33 g dm3
E20.4 0.56 mol dm3
, 0.16 mol dm3
E20.5 Only two solutes in equilibrium with
each other are present.
E20.6 Lengthened, blue
E20.11 Triplet state
E20.12 5.16 106 mol
1 s1
E20.13 1.276 1010
mol1
dm3 s1
E20.14 9.146 109 mol
1 dm
3 s1
, 0.172 s
E20.15 0.67
E20.16 3.49 nm
E20.17 40.7 ps
E20.18 1.737 1015
J
E20.19 50.8 nm
E20.20 1.602 1016
J
E20.21 (a) 2.04 1019
J
(b) 669 km s1
P20.23 (a) 4200
(b) 588 nm
P20.24 (a) 2.6 nm
CHAPTER 21 Spectroscopy: Magnetic Resonance
E21.1 T1
Hz, A s kg1
E21.2 1.949 10-26
J, 6.498 10-26
J,
1.949 10-26
J, 6.498 10-26
J
E21.3 2.263
E21.4 (a) 2.9 105
(b) 7.3 106
E21.5 330.5 MHz
E21.6 18.79 T
E21.7 3.17 kHz
E21.8 9.1 T, 3.8 T
E21.9 2.4 kHz, 6.0 kHz
E21.10 octet
E21.11 (a) quintet
(b) septet
E21.12 triplet, doublet
E21.18 3.78 ms
E21.19 2600 s1
E21.20 4.64 1024
J
E21.21 1.08 103
, 5.4 103
E21.22 9.25 GHz, 32.4 mm
E21.23 2.0022
-
Atkins & de Paula: Elements of Physical Chemistry, Sixth Edition
ANSWERS TO END OF CHAPTER EXERCISES
Oxford University Press, 2013. All rights reserved.
E21.25 (a) quartet
(b) septet
E21.26 (a) 331.9 mT
(b) 1.201 T
E21.27 1
E21.28 0.0048, 0.0764
0.1208, 0.2000, 0.0480
0.0497
P21.32 (b) 29.4 T m1
CHAPTER 22
Statistical Thermodynamics
E22.1 0.37
E22.2 (a) 0.9999990
(b) 0.9998955
E22.3 0.99849
E22.4 1.753
E22.5 2.27
E22.6 (a) 1 + 6e2/kT + 3
6e5/kT
(b) 1
(c) 10
E22.7 (a) 1.448 1027
(b) 6.485 1027
E22.8 (a) 3.2 104
(b) 6.2 1027
E22.9 (a) 24.816
(b) 24.474
E22.10 10 per cent
E22.11 (a) 19.5
(b) 265
E22.13 1.39
E22.14 1.401, 3.147
E22.15 1.293, 7.825
E22.16 6.730
E22.17 1.185 1034
E22.19 (b) 355 J mol1
E22.20 3.253 J K1
mol1
E22.22 191.4 J K1
mol1
E22.24 4 kJ K1
mol1
E22.25 54.3 kJ mol1
E22.27 1.336 1025
E22.28 1.951 1011
2 3 2 3 2 2
1 2 2 1
(f )conjugate
NH NH H O H O NH NH
acid base acid base
conjugate
2 3 2
1 2 2 1
(e)
conjugate
HCOOH H O H O HCO
acid base acid base
conjugate