EC-National Food Security Mission: Dec 15 2010

Krishi Vistar SadanNew Delhi

Strategy for Upscaling SRI

1

Despite, distress in agriculture, there are positive signals

* More responsive Centre* Being a state subject, Stats are more responsive and equipped to meet the challenges* Large work force to put in*More and better technology

2

Outlook

National Food Security Mission: An Inclusive strategy

• NFSM is in vogue past 3 of 5 years (11FYP)• Target: Additional 20 mt

(Rice: 10 mt, wheat 6mt &pulses 4mt)

• Investment: Rs.5000 Crores• Spread & Implementation of NFSM

Rice in 133 backward districtsWheat in 137 districtsPulses in 168

3

NFSM 2007The National Food Security Mission launched during rabi 2008 with an objective to increase production and productivity of wheat, rice and

pulses on a sustainable basis so as to ensure food security of the country. The approach is

to bridge the yield gap in respect of these crops through dissemination of improved

technologies and farm management practices.

4

Food Security – National and Household, how to satisfy the latter if centralised PDS is most corrupt - SC

How to improve productivity of millions of rainfed farmers who are small and marginal?

5

Poverty and livelihood challenges

HOUSEHOLD LEVEL

National level

Crisis in Agriculture and FOOD SECURITY

6

• High water demand : 3-5,000 lt/ kg of rice. 34-43% of irrigation water.

• Deceleration and stagnant production & productivity

• Fertilizer Subsidy Bill to GOI Rs 119 billion: Farmer suicides

• Global Rice prices doubled 2001-2007, more rapidly last year

• Declining impact of TFP affects livelihood of millions

Background Analysis of selected NFSM districts: at the beginning of NFSM 2008

7

State Name Area (000 ha) Av Yield Min Yield Max Yield No. of district

MADHYA PRADESH 929.1 0.67 0.47 0.79 9 Chattisgarh 2169.5 1.00 0.91 1.19 9 BIHAR 1866.7 1.14 0.80 1.55 18 MAHARASHTRA 716.0 1.14 1.01 1.27 6 ORISSA 1983.0 1.19 0.78 1.39 15 ASSAM 1564.4 1.31 0.98 1.73 13 UTTAR PRADESH 3069.2 1.86 1.14 2.28 26 TAMIL NADU 604.2 2.00 1.35 2.68 5 WEST BENGAL 2672.3 2.10 1.58 2.46 8 KARNATAKA 590.7 2.11 1.26 2.98 7 ANDHRA PRADESH 1864.7 2.46 1.55 3.19 11 Jharkhand (dist data missing)

1680.0 2.18

Total 19710.0 1.60 1.08 1.96 127 All India share % 47% 75%

Baseline Information: Problems and Challenges

Challenge Rice yield NFSM rice districtsChallenge 1: 535 out of 622 districts, 535 grow; 60% being the rainfed district with less than

national av. yield)• Productivity in 18 of 127 NFSM districts (15% approx) is < 1 t/ha• In 96 districts (75%), the productivity is < 2 t/ha• Area coverage (NFSM) Nearly half of total rice areas

Challenge 2: Required to reduce yield barrier: Technology support & backstop needed•Rice yield in majority of NFSM area is around 1.5 t/ha which is only 75% of national yield

Challenge 3: Increasing production is indispensible & to ensure access to food equitably1)Per capita annual consumption of rice is 84 kg (NSS 55th round)2)Per capita availability is 64 kg ie. @ present consumption rate, approx 3 days of short supply annually (Agri Stat@glance)

Government Response: Investment on NFSM1)Rs.5000 crores over 5 years, expected to add 5 mh additionally2)Coverage 17 states, 133 districts

8

SRI as an important component of NFSM & its Achievement

9

NFSM Coverage Districts

10

Urgent need for an objective Impact Assessment of NFSM,•To follow the M&E model of RKVY conducted by NIRD•Biggest Strength: State level Impact assessment cell/mission can be the supplementary source of information

National Consortium of SRI to strengthen• Upscaling strategy• Capacity building and Knowledge delivery In contiuum• Through institutional innovation: (PPP mode)

11

IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY NEEDED

As envisaged, there is need now a strong component of project management, monitoring and evaluation to steer achieving the Mission’s objectives. (NFSM 2007)

IMPACT Quantified: SRI• Yield increased by 70% (a case study in Uttarkhand):

– Grain yield 67, 87 and 53%, respectively, in 2007-2009, – Straw yield increases were 25, 34 and 31%). – Bihar – best farmer awards > 10 tons/ha– High B-C statistics, – Substantial seed saving (90%)

• Drought and resilience of SRI – 92% yield increase in drought 2009. In UK, yield reduction was 13% as against 39%

in CMP – Substantial water saving, Time saving, root maximisation – Few or no cases of dis-adoption

• Equity: Gender participation & Increased employment

• Sustainability; Climate, Agro-ecology & organic farming focus

• Communication: Broad based SRI community – SRI e-group

• Policy advocacy – learning alliances, state level workshops

Scientific Benefits: SRI HEXAGON

Enhancedwater, labour,

land and nutrient

productivity

Young seedlings

Single seedling per hill

Wider spacing

Intercultivation with weeder

Unflooded irrigation

More organic manures

TMT May 20 2010

Coverage through CSO & FI initiatives:

15

PRADAN and SDTT:• No. of State covered (2010-11): 8• No. of families: 23198• Area covered: 3133.5 8

SDTT Initiatives: •No. of State covered (2010-11): 15•No. of families: > 60,000•Investment: Rs.10.94 croresNABARD: Investing in several states through FTTF programmeOther: including govt and other independent agencies•Tripura: > 30000 ha by 80, 400 farmers in kharif + 69600 farmers in Boro season in 2008•Tamilnadu: 50,000 farmers trained inn2007 in 11,320 ha, now over 5 lakh farmers in 10 lakh hectares•Andhra Pradesh: +•Karnataka: +•Kerala: + •Uttar Pradesh +

16

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

Outreach

Year

NGO Partners 2 5 127 161

Outreach to farmers 11000 14000 37000 75000

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2008-10

5 7 8 1014 18

82

104

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2008-10

No of States No of Districts

SDTT Initiative- Commendable Spread: Creating Hope for farming community

State Farmers Area in Ha Key partners # Partners Districts

Assam 951 191.63 RGVN, PRADAN 25 17

W Bengal 5863 507.62PRADAN, Prasari, IDE, ACF, SPWD 6 9

Jharkhand 3042 443.18 SPWD and 15 partners 15 14

Uttarakhand 9330 351.37 PSI and 18 partners 18 10

Manipur 220 22.00 RNBA and 11 partners 11 8

Maharashtra 2093 169.60Rural Communes and 9 partners 9 11

Chhattisgarh 3993 781.00PRADAN and 12 partners 12 9

Orissa 12045 1883.94 CWS and co, PRADAN, Udyama and Harsha trust

54 16

Bihar 14358 1938.00 PRADAN and IGS 2 9

MP 4648 1203.30 PRADAN 1 2

Total 56543 7491.63 152 105Visited by study team

Farmer-friendly option: SRI can meet HH food securityby building further momentum

(A modest initiative made a change in 3 years)

Learning from the SDTT initiativeLearning from the SDTT initiative Pro-poor initiatives: SDTT began interventions on late 2007 to promote SRI among

the small and marginal farmers, whose number today is nearly 90 million

Modest investment : Rs.10.94 crores for 3 years

Targeted HDI states: Implemented in 10 rainfed eastern India states in partnership with 150 partners and 75,000 farmers

Quick Impact: 105 districts covered in a short period of less than two years.

Impact to individuals• Productivity increased more than 90% over the conventional method in a cost-

effective manner• Substantial savings in inputs: seed, water, land, time and other inputs. Provide

opportunity for family labour better utilized• Rural poor found that dream of a full meal a day is a reality after adoption of SRI

High investment efficiency: All these achievement with investment of a modest amount of Rs.1823 per farmer, implying high efficiency of investment

Priority: Designed for capacity training in continuum among concerned stakeholders and Small farmer

Upscaling: SRI• Upscaling SRI needed as it spread more rapidly compared to other

revolution

• Enhancing knowledge delivery for continuous capacity strengthening

• Strong Institution: Public private partnership with the CSOs likely to deliver desired goals efficiently

• Capacity building for various stakeholders needed in continuum

• Feedback from Farmer-field research to policy and agri-research

• National consortium of SRI can lead in field-research, policy communication and training; prepare knowledge book, develop dissemination model and MIS system

• Incentivize and use the existing million adopters will help spreading the practice and double or triple adoption of SRI

• Resilience to climate change

• Gender mainstreaming provide positive effect on employment and migration.

19

Unlocking Creativity of Farming Unlocking Creativity of Farming Communities: Communities: Upscaling Strategy of PSIUpscaling Strategy of PSI

Se lection of Partner Organizations (POs)

Selection of villages and farmers

Capacity building of master trainers and village level resource persons

Information dissemination through print and electronic media

Research on other crops and equipment

Networking

Programme Monitoring

Policy Advocacy

Alternate business models – BASIX, IDE(I) in place. Most built on farmer farmer training

Learn to DO

Learn by DOING

Policy Advocacy and Mainstreaming SRIPolicy Advocacy and Mainstreaming SRI

Existing of huge gaps demands more support for SRI

@ National level, NFSM needs to be better strategised for wider adoption & impact

State and district level - opportunities exist, Support facilitation costs for investments from agriculture dept like

ATMA / RKVY are converged. DDM of NABARD can facilitate convergence.

Support custom hiring centers for implements & promotion of enterprises among the poor

Support establishment of seed systems

SRI is bankable with good returns on investment – many projects prove this. NABARD needs to step in as investing in SRI no more risky.

Strategies and Ways ForwardStrategies and Ways Forward

• Continue existing strategies with greater focus

• To meet the higher demand generated by SRI in regions and country

• Establish SRI Regional Resource Centres: Regular training and capacity building by engaging state departments…NABARD can play a big role

• Strengthen research on SRI― Long term agronomic study on farmers field

― Detailed socio-economic studies by professional research institutions.― Be the leader in Root Intensification research – India & world

• Create a National Innovation Fund and SRI Fellowships — Scout nationally

• National Consortium of SRI:― Launched after series of consultation with NFSM, NABARD Research

institutions and CSOs with mandate of ensuring food, nutrition and livelihood security in partnership mode.

Investment for SRI upscalingInvestment for SRI upscalingAn estimate shows that, an additional 16,782 tonnes paddy produced in 10 states with a small investment of Rs 10.9 crores during past 2 years , which generated Rs 15.10 crores incremental income to farming families

Eg. SDTT Phase 1 during 2007-2010 Suggested Future programme : SDTT + NFSM + RKVY + NABARD + NREGA + NMSA

65000 farmers participated 5 lakh farmers

8000 ha covered 1 lakh ha

105 districts 150 districts

Rs 10 crores Rs 100 crores

Savings on water, fertiliser, seed not quantified

Effective gain to the nation can be estimated as enormous

Strategies up to 20121.More S&M farmers to be reached in poor HDI states2.Area coverage to increase substantially3.Enhanced productivity and conserve natural resource is indispensible for sustainability 4.Increased investment in SRI promotion

Look AheadLook Ahead• More scientific ramification needed.

Awareness of efficient soil, water and crop management

• More effort in Reaching out the Technology:

Proactive R&D&E interventions to provide wide range of rice germplasm and knowledge delivery.

• R&D&E on SRI is cost-effective and easy transfer for technologyR&D&E on SRI is cost-effective and easy transfer for technology

• Capacity strengthening:

Sensitised Civil Society Organisations: the nationally ones first to start with)

• Participatory approach to policy backstop for technology generation and dissemination for enhancing adoption

• Innovative but simple mechanism needed

For maximising biological power of plants, to reduce the yield gap

• NATIONAL SRI FUND in PPP partnership of GOI, NABARD and SDTT of other Donors. An initial Rs.100 crores fund with national goal of sustainable food security.

Innovation spillover to Other Crops & spread over to several statesInnovation spillover to Other Crops & spread over to several states

SRI in Wheat – 25,000 farmers Rajma – 553 farmers

Finger Millet 473 farmersMaize 64 farmers Soyabean 34 farmers

Sugar cane under SSI

National Consortium on SRNational Consortium on SR(oot)(oot)I I (Joint Action Initiative- (Joint Action Initiative- JAI SRI)JAI SRI)

Knowledgeable Respectable

Responsive

Critical Reflection

Co-operation

ProfessionalSupport

JAI SRI

Consortium partners: -SDTT and nodal agencies-WWF ICRISAT-WASSAN-SRI India –e-group-XIMB

-DRR, NCAP

-DRD, NFSM

-NABARD

-Planning Commission

Let us create synergy of equity, sustainability, food security and rural

livelihood through efficient technology, innovative agricultural practices supported by research and development backstopping

THANK YOU

Small farm family needs one more meal a daySmall farm family needs one more meal a day

Indicators of Investment EfficacyIndicators of Investment EfficacyRice Production (2007-8)

96 million ton: 2.8% growth in 2008 (est 73 mt in 2009)

Rice Area: 44 mh, 60% rainfed

Rice ProductivityLow productivity

<2 tons /haHigh productivity

(>2.5 t/ha)

2011 kg/ha (during 10th FYP)345/563 districts in the country115 districts

SRI yield potential 4-10 ton/ha

NFSM Investment on SRI

Rs.76 crores (2007-08 to 2009)

SDTT Investment (incl salary etc.)

Rs.10.94 crores (roughly Rs.1843/farmer per capita

No. of farmers adopting SRI Under SDTT Under NFSM

65, 000No estimates, 3,09,740 conoweeders distributed, 10123 demos

Encouraging Encouraging features of SRIfeatures of SRI

The field survey reveals and revalidates the following encouraging features in the peninsular India.

•Average yield of rice under SRI is clearly higher than conventional practices.

•SRI conserves resources both material inputs as well as natural resources.

•SRI is a pro-poor cultivation practice as the pro small farmer orientation is the main placard of SRI.

•SRI ensures household food security as the increased production meet the food needs of the growing needs of the small farm family members from their own farm.

•SRI is basically a post monsoon rabi season activity, hence generates opportunities for off season employment and ensures gender equity

•SRI potentially maximizes the utilization of biological potential of the plant (soil microbiology, soil micronutrients and aeration apart from solar energy). The healthy plants resulted to good grain yield.

•Most importantly water saving in rice cultivation under SRI is substantial

Quantified advantages of SRI in TamilnaduQuantified advantages of SRI in Tamilnadu

(i) Less seed in SRI (5 to 8 kg/ha as compared to 40 to 50 kg under conventional practices), which save cost substantially.

(ii) Uniformly higher yield across the farm size category. The yield varies from about 5 ton per hectare to 7.5 ton/ha as compared to 1.88 ton to 3.85 ton per hectare under conventional practice across the districts.

(iii) Substantial Water saving due to alternate drying and wetting system even at constant yield, proves socially beneficial in areas where water is premium. The average water saving varies from 16 to 49 per cent in Andhra Pradesh, and 22 to 38 per cent in Tamilnadu. The figure is identical across the farm size, representing equity aspect of water use. These savings resulted to substantial water economy at the state level, which is of societal relevance.

(iv) Use of organic manure, green manure and biological to nutriment supplementation, the use of fertilizer and other agro-chemicals are unnecessary, which certify SRI as potential organic product.

(v) Incidence of pest and diseases is less in SRI due to sturdy and hardy stem and leaves repel specific insects.