04/12/2023 Earthquake and Risk Matigation

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EARTHQUAKE AND RISK MITIGATION

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The basics of Earthquake Its causes

The risk management:During disaster

After disaster

OUR AIM is to understand…

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Table Of Content What is Earthquake? What are its causes? What are its effects? How it is measured?

Earthquake mitigation What is risk mitigation?

How to safe your self during disaster? Test your self

Facts and fictions

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What is Earthquake? The shaking of earth caused by

waves moving on and below the earth's surface.

Earthquakes are the shaking, rolling or sudden shock of the earth’s

surface. A sudden slipping or movement of a

portion of the Earth’s crust, followed by a series of vibrations.

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What are its Causes?

Human Causes• Dam Buildings• Coal Mining

Natural Causes• Plate Tectonics

• Conservative• Destructive

• Volcanic Activity

Earthquake Causes

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Wednesday, April 12, 2023

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Plate Tectonics / Margins Earthquake occurs at plate margins and at major

fault lines. But mostly on the conservative and destructive

margins. The two plates at a plate margin cannot move past

each other easily. The two plates become locked. Friction causes pressure to build up. Suddenly, the pressure is released and the plates jolt into a new position. This causes seismic waves. The vibrations they cause are called an earthquake.

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Destructive Margin Side

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Conservative Margin Side

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FINAL OUTCOME

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Human Causes Man has a way of affecting nature, and so causing his

own difficulties. COAL MINING: There is increased stress on the

remaining rocks, making earthquakes more likely to occur.

BUILDING DAMS: The weight of the water when the valley behind the dam is filled causes increase pressure on the earth crust.

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Focus is the point at which the rock moves. The seismic waves start at

the focus. Epicentre is directly above the focus

on the Earth’s surface.

A

BFocus

Epicentre

seismic waves

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Effects of Earthquake

Effects of Earthquake

Death!

Primary Landslide Collapsing of buildings etc

Secondary After effects Floods Diseases

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How the Earthquake are Measured?

Magnitude of Earthquake

Actual Size

•On structures•On Plants and animals

On humansEffects of

Earthquake

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Earthquake Mitigation Mitigation is: “any action taken to reduce or

eliminate the long-term risk to human life and property from natural hazards”.

Transferring the responsibility of the risk by getting insurance.

Also educating the public and raising awareness of earthquake risks...!!!

This is What im doing here!

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Hazard Mitigation

Identification

Risk Analysis

Defining Strategy

Activities and

Projects

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Precautionary MethodsBefore

During

After

Personal

Level

Before

After

Govt. Level

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PERONAL LEVEL: Before

• Put together an emergency kit – flashlight, first aid kit, radio, drinking water, blankets.

• Develop a family communication plan – identify a relative living at least 100 miles away; everyone can call to “check in” to tell family you’re safe.

• Make sure all heavy or breakable items are on lower shelves.

• Know how to turn off utilities.

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PRESONAL LEVEL: During1. DROP to the ground.2. COVER yourself under a sturdy table or desk, and

cover your face and head with your arms.3. HOLD ON to something sturdy until the shaking

stops.

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Stay Calm!

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Con’t If you’re driving, pull off the road, away from

buildings and utility poles, and stay in your car.

If you’re outside, drop to the ground, away from large objects, and cover your face and head with your arms.

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PERSONAL LEVEL: After

Find your family; check for injuries If you smell gas or hear a hissing sound, go outside –

shut off gas valve Be careful to avoid live power lines and broken glass Listen to news for latest emergency information Be ready for aftershocks!

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GOVERNMENT LEVEL

Provide a building standard for contractors to allow for sound housing.

Educating the population on earthquakes as a hazard. Putting in place safety regulations such as a standard

for the number of emergency exits. Providing service teams for search and rescue

operations after the earthquake.

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TEST YOUR SELF!

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QUAKE Hazard _ 01

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Con’t1. Clutter beneath desk

2. Glass door & windows

3. Portrait & vases on top of bookshelf

4. Free-standing light fixture, not secured

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QUAKE Hazard _ 02

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Con’t

1. Hanging light fixtures

2. Clutter on ground

3. Heavy items on shelf

4. Unsecure items

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SAFETY

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FICTION AND FACTS ABOUT EARTHQUAKE Fiction: Earthquakes usually happen in the

morning. Fact: Earthquakes happen in both the day and the

night. There is no pattern.

Fiction: There is such a thing as "earthquake weather.“

Fact: There is no connection between earthquakes and weather. Remember, earthquakes happen deep in the earth, far away from the weather!

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Con’t Fiction: Earthquakes are on the increase. Fact: It may seem like we’re having more

earthquakes because there are more reporting stations, but the truth is we’re not.

Fiction: We can prevent earthquakes from

happening. Fact: No. You can protect yourself by doing things to

secure buildings, like your home, but earthquakes can’t be prevented -- or predicted

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