Earth Science Practice

The Crust

The layer of the Earth that we live on is called

The Inner Core

The layer of the Earth that is made is a mostly iron, solid ball is called:

The Upper Mantle

The layer of the Earth that is soft, plastic and allows tectonic plates to move around is called

Underwater earthquakes

Most tsunamis are caused by…

The 4 different ways that the plates can interact with each other are…

1. Move away from each other

2. 2 continental plates can move towards each other and crash into each other, and push each other up.3. An ocean plate can

subduct (dive under) a continental plate pushing the continental plate up4. 2 plates moving in opposite directions slide past each other

A Trench

A very deep part of the ocean that forms at convergent plate boundaries where an oceanic plate is going under a continental plate is called

They are sliding past each other, in opposite directions.

What are the tectonic plates doing at a Transform Plate Boundary?

A mid-ocean ridge

An underwater mountain range where hot magma rises up through a gap between 2 oceanic plates is called

Divergent plate boundary

When tectonic plates move away from each other, what type of plate boundary is formed?

New crust being formedRifting of continents

Earthquakes

What can happen on Earth at a Divergent Plate Boundary?

Convergent Plate Boundary

When Continental Plates move toward each other and crash into each other, what type of Plate Boundary is formed?

Mountain formingEarthquakes

When 2 Continental plates crash into each other, what can happen on Earth?

Convergent Plate Boundary

When an Ocean Plate subducts (moves under) a Continental Plate, what type of Plate Boundary is formed?

Volcanoes, mountains and trenches can form

Earthquakes can occur

When an Ocean Plate subducts (moves under) a Continental Plate, what can happen on Earth?

Evidence from LandformsEvidence from FossilsEvidence from Climate

The 3 types of evidence that the current continents were once a supercontinent are:

Mountain rangesAfrica

Evidence from Landforms – Same types of _______ _______ in South America and ________ lined up

European _________ matched similar ones in ________________.•Coalfields

•North America

Fern Africa

South America Australia

India Antarctica

Wegener found Fossils of a ____-like plant called Glossopteris in _______, ________, _______, _______, _________

WegenerTropicalArcticRocks

South Africa

______ found fossils of ______ plants near the _______ Ocean where it is now freezing cold. He also found scratches left in _____ made by glaciers in ________ where it is now hot.

Inner Core

This part of the earth is located 5100km below the Earth’s surface.

4.6 Billion years oldor

4600 million years old

How old is the Earth?

Lower Mantle

This part of the earth is solid and extremely hot.

Hominids have been around for around 5 million years, which is about 0.1% of the Earth’s history or a very tiny amount of time, like….. (INSERT your own simile or metaphor)

What proportion of the Earth’s life have hominids been around? Give a numerical and non-numerical answer.

Pangaea

What is the name of the Earth’s most recent Supercontinent?

Inner Core

Spins at a different rate to the rest of the plantet.

Initially, the Earth’s climate was very hot and then it cooled down. Since then the Earth has been cycling between warm periods and ice ages.

Describe the Earth’s climate and how it has been changing since the Earth was created.

Mantle

Made up of silicon, iron, magnesium, oxygen and more.

Initially there were no continents because the Earth was extremely hot and most substances were either liquids or gases. After millions of years, the Earth cooled down, then volcanic islands formed which later moved together to form the first continents. Since then the continents have been growing and moving together to form supercontinents then slipping apart to form smaller continents in an endless cycle.

Describe the continents and how they have been moving since the Earth was created until now.

___ seed bearing plants on land___ single celled plants with a nucleus in the ocean

___ flowering plants on land___ multicellular plants in the

ocean

___ mosses (a seedless multicellular plant) on land

___ ferns (a seedless multicellular plant) on land

___single celled plants without

a nucleus in the ocean 6 2

7 3

4

5

1

Place the following plants in order from first evolved (#1) to most recently evolved (#7)

___ mammals___ single celled

organisms with a nucleus

___ homo sapiens___ reptiles___ insects___ primates___ fish

___ multicellular organisms

___ single celled organisms without a nucleus

___ amphibians___ sponges___ hominids___ birds

Place the following animals in order from first evolved (#1) to most recently evolved (#13)

9 mammals 2 single celled

organisms with a nucleus

13 homo sapiens 8 reptiles 6 insects 11 primates 5 fish

3 multicellular organisms

1 single celled organisms without a nucleus

7 amphibians 4 sponges 12 hominids 10 birds

6

2

4

1 3

5

1. Transform plate boundary2. Divergent plate boundary3. Convergent plate boundary4. Trench5. Upper Mantle6. Hot Spot