earth ’ s history & geologic time notes. how changes occur on the earth plate tectonics:...
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Earth’s History & Geologic
Time Notes
How Changes Occur on the Earth Plate Tectonics: theory of how Earth’s tectonic _______ move and ________ in _______plates move an average of _______ a year and in ______ different ways
plateschange
shape2-5cm
three
How Changes Occur on the Earth convergent boundary: plates move ________ each other
plates can _______ to form ___________ or one plate can _____ ______ another plate creating a line of ___________
towardcollide
mountains slideundervolcanoes
How Changes Occur on the Earth divergent boundary: plates move ______ from each other
new _____ ______ here; could be new _______ floor or ___________ crust
away land forms
ocean continental
How Changes Occur on the Earth
transform boundary: plates _____ _____ each other creating _____________
slide pastearthquakes
How Changes Occur on the Earth Continental Drift: describes that as tectonic _______ move, ___________ have _______ with them changing the Earth’s surface
platesmove
d
continents
Quick Write # 1
1. How does the Planet Earth Change?
2. List two directions that the plates move and what do they form?
3. What is Continental Drift? How fast are the plates moving apart per year?
Affects of Earth Changes As _______ and continents ______ together and ______, there are many consequences
can ________ how ______ currents and _____ patterns flow on the Earth•these changes affect the _____ of _____ around the Earth which can cause _________ in ________
plates
moveapart
change oceanwind
flowheat changes climate
Ex: when the panama land bridge formed it changed the flow of the oceans.
Warm tropical waters flowed between
continents
Gulf stream created. Moves warm water across the Atlantic Ocean
giving western Europe a mild climate.
Affects of Earth Changes
can cause the __________ of new _________ and environmentscan ________ existing habitats and ______________
formationhabitatsdestroyenvironments
Ex: the panama land bridge also changed habitats and the distribution of organisms.
Land animals not able to move between continents, however, sea animals were able to move
between the oceans
Allowed land animals to move between North & South America.
Sea creatures were separated and some evolved into different
species.
____________ are _________ by the changes caused by plate tectonics
organisms will either _______ to the _________ (evolve) or become
________•extinction: the _______ of every member of a _________
organisms
affected
adaptchanges extinc
tdeathspecie
s
Affects of Earth Changes
some earth changes ____ _______ in the ______ ___________ of organisms
mass extinction: the _______ of ______ species around the ______ _____
can
resultmass extinctio
nmany
death sam
etime
Affects of Earth Changes
could be caused by _________ events, like ________ change and changes in ocean currents, or _____________ events, like an _________ impact
gradualclimate
catastrophicasteroid
Affects of Earth Changes
Geologic Time Scale
Developed _________ _____ ______ to break up Earth’s history into ________ ______
GeologicTime Scale
smallerunits
Geologic time scale has ___ major
_________ of time:_____ are the ________ division, followed by _____, then ________ and finally ________ (the _________ division of the four)
4 divisions
Eons
smallest
largest
Geologic Time Scale
erasperiods
epochs
divisions of the time scale are ____________ by _______ _________ in Earth’s history
major _________ in ______ things, ___________ of living things and changes in the ________ _________ decide how to divide Earth’s history
determined majorchange
s living
Geologic Time Scale
changesextinctio
n Earth’s surface
Quick Write # 2
4. Name 3 ways that the changes on Earth affect us.5. Explain what is the Geologic Time Scale.
Precambrian Time: 4.6 billion years ago – 542 million years agoFirst organisms called _____________ (cells without a nucleus) appeared in ________ more than ____ billion years ago
prokaryotes
oceans
3.6
Cyanobacteria: type of prokaryote that _____ ________________ to make own food.
Photosynthesis _________ ________ into the atmosphere and began to build up over millions of years.
photosynthesis
released
Precambrian Time
oxygen
uses
Oxygen build-up led to the formation of _______ which __________ organisms from the harmful _________ of the sunAllowed for development of _________ organisms & for ___________ to survive on _____
protected radiatio
n
Precambrian Time
complex
ozone
organismslan
d
After about 1 billion years ____________ (cells with a nucleus) began to _______Invertebrates (animals ________ backbones) developed near the ____ of the _____________
without
appear
Precambrian Time
end
eukaryotes
Precambrian
Quick Write # 3
6. What two types of living Organisms appeared during the Precambrian Time? 7. Which one gave Earth oxygen and why was this imporatant?
Paleozoic Era: 542 – 251 million years ago
First organisms with _____ body ______ (shells, exoskeletons & bones) evolvedBroken into ____ periods
hard parts
six
1. Cambrian: ________ animals with hard body parts
2. Ordovician: early vertebrates appeared (animals _____ ____________)
Paleozoic Era
with
marine
backbones
3. Silurian: ______ life on land evolved
4. Devonian: ____ evolved and were __________; early ____________ show up in the fossil record
Paleozoic Era plant
fish
dominantamphibians
5. Carboniferous: divided into ______________ & Pennsylvanian in U.S.● Mississippian: ____________ were the __________ vertebrate
● Pennsylvanian: early ________ emerge
Paleozoic Era
Mississippian
reptiles
dominant
amphibians
6. Permian: formation of the large land mass called ________ caused ____ of coastal _______ and climate change
Paleozoic Era
Pangaeahabita
tloss
Period ended with a mass extinction of ____% of all organisms due to _________ in the _______________ caused by plate tectonics
Paleozoic Era
90 changesenvironmen
ts
Quick Write #4
8. How long did the Paleozoic Era last? 9. What happened at the end of the Paleozoic Era?
Mesozoic Era: 251 - 65 million years agoEra known as “_____ of ___________” and broken into 3 periods1. Triassic: time of ____________
•small ___________ evolved
Age
Dinosaurs
transitiondinosaur
s
Pangaea ________ during much of the
Triassic allowed for ___________ left after Permian mass extinction to ________ over the _____ (allowed for ____________ of organisms)
Mesozoic Era existed
spread
organisms
land
distribution
2. Jurassic: ___________ were _________________ species of __________ evolved
Mesozoic Era dinosaurs
largerdominantdinosaurs
Pangaea __________ throughout the period
Mesozoic Era breaks up
______ are thought to have ________ from __________
Archaeopteryx: wings & _________ like birds, but ______ & ______ like dinosaurs
Mesozoic Era Birds evolveddinosaurs feather
steeth claws
3. Cretaceous: dinosaurs still dominant; modern insect, ______ & mammal groups appearpine, __________, and fir ______ evolved
Mesozoic Era
birds
treessequoias
___________ plants (angiosperms) are still __________ todayincreased _________ activity
Mesozoic Era Flowering dominant
volcanic
___________ became ________ at the end; __________ environments
Mesozoic Era
Dinosaurs extinctchangin
g
The real reason Dinosaurs went extinct…
Dinosaur Extinction.wmv
Quick Write # 5
10. What happened to Pangaea during the Mesozoic Era?11. What happened at the end of this Era?
Cenozoic Era: 65 million years ago to the present
Early in Cenozoic ___________ were small, but _________ into many different _______ over the era, including _______ mammals
mammalsevolved
forms
larger
Times of ___________ building: Sierra Nevada, _________ & Andes Mountain ranges form
Cenozoic Era
mountainCascade
Periods of _______ climates and ____ _____: some ________ _______ towards the equator (warmer climates) and _______ became ________
____ still ___________ today
Cenozoic Era cooler ice ages
species
movedothers
extinct
Era
continues
Quick Write # 6
12. What happened during the Cenozoic era after mammals came on the seen?13. When did the Cenozoic era end?