chapter 14: geology and earth resources. 14.1 earth processes shape our resources earth is a dynamic...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 14: Geology and EarthResources
![Page 2: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources
• Earth is a dynamic planet • Tectonic processes reshape continents and
cause earthquakes and volcanoes
![Page 3: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Solid Earth
![Page 4: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Global Earthquakes
![Page 5: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Global Volcanoes
![Page 6: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Earth’s Plates
![Page 7: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Plate Tectonics Model
![Page 8: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Global Plate Motions
![Page 9: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
14.2 Rocks And Minerals
• The Rock Cycle Creates And Recycles Rocks • Weathering And Erosion Wear Down Rocks
![Page 10: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Rock Cycle
![Page 11: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
14.3 Economic Geology And Mineralogy
• Metals are essential to our economy • What Do You Think? Should We Revise Mining
Laws? – The Mining Law of 1872
• Nommetallic minerals include gravel, clay, sand, and salts
![Page 12: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Bingham Canyon Pit, Utah
![Page 13: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Bingham Canyon
![Page 14: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Everything in Mines is Big
![Page 15: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Everything in Mines is Very Big
![Page 16: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
My Truck Can Eat Your Truck
![Page 17: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Where Are They Now?
The Krupps
![Page 18: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Taconite Pelletizer
![Page 26: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Taconite Pellets
![Page 27: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Taconite Pellets
![Page 28: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Smelter, Sudbury, Ontario
![Page 29: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
“Superstack”, Sudbury, Ontario:
Once 1% of the entire planet’s
sulfur emissions – 40,000 tons/day
![Page 30: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Slag Pouring, Sudbury, Ontario
![Page 31: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
14.4 Environmental Effects of Resource Extraction
• Mining can have serious environmental impacts– Acid runoff– Toxic metals
• Processing ores also has negative effects– Sulfur Emissions– Waste Disposal
![Page 32: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Tailings, Bingham Canyon, Utah
![Page 33: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Mercury Mine, California
![Page 34: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Mine Runoff, Colorado
![Page 35: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Climax Tailings Ponds, Colorado
![Page 36: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Coal Tip, England
![Page 38: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
14.5 Conserving Geological Resources
• Recycling saves energy as well as materials– About 50% of Iron and Steel is Recycled– Recycling Electronics
• New materials can replace mined resources– New Methods of Mining Low-Grade Ores– Synthesizing Minerals (Quartz, Diamonds)– Alternatives (Plastics for Metals)
![Page 40: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Three Emerging Resource Problems
• Lithium (Batteries)– Evaporites (Bolivia): Far Easier to Extract– Pegmatites (Lepidolite, Spodumene)
• Rare Earths (Electronics)– Col-Tan and Congo Civil War– Chinese Monopoly– California mine to reopen
• Phosphorus (Fertilizer)– Morocco, China, South Africa, Jordan, U.S. = 90%
![Page 41: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
14.6 Geological Hazards
• Earthquakes can be very destructive– “Earthquakes Don’t Kill People, Buildings Kill
People”• Volcanoes eject gas and ash, as well as lava– Lava is the Least Dangerous Product of Volcanoes
• Landslides are examples of mass wasting
![Page 42: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Products of Eruptions
Lava Flows Pyroclastic Debris • Bombs • Lapilli • Ash MudflowsLandslides
Gases • Steam • Carbon Dioxide • H2S
• SO2 • HCl • HF
![Page 43: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Environmental Hazards of Volcanoes
Pollution • SO2, HCl in Water Lava Flows Falling Ejecta Ash Falls • Building Collapse • Crop Destruction
Mudflows • Direct Damage
(Colombia, 1985) • Floods (Several Types)Blast (Mt. St. Helens, 1980) Pyroclastic Flow (St. Pierre,
1902) Gas (Lake Nyos, Cameroon,
1986)
![Page 44: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Volcanic Explosivity IndexVEI Classification Description Plume Ejecta
volume Frequency Example
0 Hawaiian non-explosive < 100 m < 104m³ daily Mauna Loa
1 HawaiianStrombolian gentle 100-1000 m > 104 m³ daily Stromboli
2 StrombolianVulcanian explosive 1-5 km > 106 m³ weekly Galeras 1993
3 Vulcanian /Pelean severe 3-15 km > 107 m³ yearly Lassen 1915
4 Pelean/Plinian cataclysmic 10-25 km > 0.1 km³ ≥ 10 yrs Soufrière Hills 1995
5 Plinian paroxysmal > 25 km > 1 km³ ≥ 50 yrs St. Helens 1980
6 Plinian/Ultra-Plinian colossal > 25 km > 10 km³ ≥ 100 yrs Pinatubo 1991
7 Plinian/Ultra-Plinian super-colossal > 25 km > 100 km³ ≥ 1000 yrs Tambora 1815
8 Ultra-Plinian mega-colossal > 25 km > 1,000 km³ ≥ 10,000 yrs Toba (73,000 BP)
![Page 45: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Major Hazards of Earthquakes
• Building Collapse • Landslides • Fire • Tsunamis (Not Tidal Waves!)
![Page 46: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Safest & Most Dangerous Buildings
• Small, Wood-frame House - Safest • Steel-Frame • Reinforced Concrete • Unreinforced Masonry • Adobe - Most Dangerous • Loose Concrete Blocks (Haiti, 2010)
![Page 47: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Not the Best Place to Build?
![Page 48: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Construction, Turkey
![Page 49: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Construction, Turkey
![Page 50: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Construction, Turkey
![Page 51: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Construction, Bosnia
![Page 52: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Tile Roof, Costa Rica
![Page 53: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Tile Roof, Costa Rica
![Page 54: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Adobe Buttresses, Texas
![Page 55: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Types of Mass Wasting
• Creep• Slow Landslide• Slump• Earthflow, Mudflow, Debris Flow• Avalanche
![Page 56: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Soil Creep
![Page 57: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Slide Lake, Wyoming, 1925
![Page 58: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Vaiont Slide, Italy, 1962
![Page 59: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Rear of Dam
![Page 60: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Yungay, Peru, May 31, 1970
![Page 61: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Yungay, Peru, May 31, 1970
![Page 62: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Lituya Bay, Alaska, July 9, 1958
![Page 63: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Lituya Bay, Before and
After
![Page 64: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
The Scour Line
![Page 65: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
The Highest Wave Ever Recorded
![Page 66: Chapter 14: Geology and Earth Resources. 14.1 Earth Processes Shape Our Resources Earth is a dynamic planet Tectonic processes reshape continents and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081515/551aa62b550346e0158b5c15/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Dealing With Mass-Wasting• Proper Land Use – Stay out of Danger• Take warnings seriously• Structural Control– Retaining Structures– Drainage– Terraces
• Warning System• Accept the Risk and Responsibility• Abolish Insurance ?