Earth, Moon, and BeyondEarth, Moon, and Beyond

Day and NightDay and NightThe The sun is the star at sun is the star at the center of our solar the center of our solar system. It gives off system. It gives off energy.energy.The cycle of day and The cycle of day and night occurs because night occurs because Earth rotates, or spins Earth rotates, or spins on its axis.on its axis.EarthEarth’’s axis is an s axis is an imaginary line that imaginary line that passes through the passes through the North and South Poles.North and South Poles.24 hour cycle24 hour cycle

EarthEarth’’s Seasonss SeasonsEarth Earth revolvesrevolves or travels in a or travels in a path around the sunpath around the sun. This path . This path is called Earthis called Earth’’s orbit.s orbit.Seasons are produced by Seasons are produced by EarthEarth’’s tilt on its axiss tilt on its axis..Earth is divided into 2 Earth is divided into 2 hemispheres by the equator hemispheres by the equator which is an imaginary line.which is an imaginary line.When it is summer in the When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere it is Northern Hemisphere it is winter in the Southern winter in the Southern Hemisphere.Hemisphere.

Revolves vs. RotatesRevolves vs. Rotates

Earth REVOLVES Earth REVOLVES around the sun in a around the sun in a year.year.

Earth ROTATES Earth ROTATES on its axis in a 24 on its axis in a 24 hour day.hour day.

High and LowsHigh and LowsSeasons at the North and Seasons at the North and South Pole are very South Pole are very different from other places.different from other places.

In the summer the poles get In the summer the poles get 6 months of daylight and no 6 months of daylight and no darkness. In winter there darkness. In winter there are 6 months of darkness are 6 months of darkness and no daylight.and no daylight.

The South Pole has vey low The South Pole has vey low temperatures all year long. temperatures all year long.

The MoonThe MoonAny natural body that Any natural body that revolves around a planet.revolves around a planet.

RockyRocky

Made up of aluminum, Made up of aluminum, oxygen, calcium, silicon, oxygen, calcium, silicon, and iron.and iron.

Contains craters which are Contains craters which are bowl shaped areas on the bowl shaped areas on the surface.surface.

No atmosphere or water.No atmosphere or water.

Moons Moons

Moons orbit Moons orbit planets, not the planets, not the sun.sun.

The Moon and the EarthThe Moon and the Earth

Same Elements

Dense

Rocky

Craters

AtmosphereRevolves

AroundA Planet

No LiquidWater or

Air

Liquid Water

MoonEarth

Phases of the MoonPhases of the Moon

The moon travels around The moon travels around the Earth.the Earth.The moon rotates as it The moon rotates as it revolves.revolves.The moon rotates slower The moon rotates slower than the Earth.than the Earth.The moon does not give The moon does not give off its own light.off its own light.As the moon orbits the As the moon orbits the Earth its position in the Earth its position in the sky changes.sky changes.

A moon phase is one of A moon phase is one of the shapes the moon the shapes the moon seems to have as it orbits seems to have as it orbits Earth.Earth.The cycle takes 29 ½ The cycle takes 29 ½ days.days.The side of the moon we The side of the moon we can not see from Earth can not see from Earth was once called the dark was once called the dark side of the moon. This is side of the moon. This is incorrect because all incorrect because all sides of the moon sides of the moon receives light.receives light.

EclipsesEclipsesOccurs when one body in Occurs when one body in space blocks light from space blocks light from reaching another body.reaching another body.On Earth, we see solar and On Earth, we see solar and lunar eclipses.lunar eclipses.A A solar eclipse solar eclipse occurs when a occurs when a new moon casts a shadow on new moon casts a shadow on Earth.Earth.A A lunar eclipse lunar eclipse occurs when a occurs when a full moon passes through the full moon passes through the shadow of Earth.shadow of Earth.

Lunar eclipse

Phases of the MoonPhases of the Moon

The Sun and Other StarsThe Sun and Other StarsThe The sun is a star sun is a star which is a huge ball of which is a huge ball of hot gases in space.hot gases in space.

The sun is the center of our solar The sun is the center of our solar system.system.

A A solar system is made up of a star solar system is made up of a star and planets and objects that revolve and planets and objects that revolve around that star.around that star.

The sun is important because of the The sun is important because of the energy it provides.energy it provides.

Scientists classify stars by color and Scientists classify stars by color and brightness.brightness.

A A constellation is a pattern of starsconstellation is a pattern of stars..

starsstars

Constellations Constellations appear to shift appear to shift across the sky across the sky nightly. But it is nightly. But it is earth that moves.earth that moves.

Different stars can Different stars can be seen in different be seen in different seasons. seasons.

StarsStars

Stars can be Stars can be smaller, larger, smaller, larger, brighter, farther brighter, farther away, closer.away, closer.

Sun is the brightest Sun is the brightest because it is the because it is the closest to Earth.closest to Earth.

Differ in Differ in size, size, brightness, brightness, appearance, in appearance, in relation to relation to distance.distance.

They emit energy.They emit energy.

Inner PlanetsInner PlanetsA planet is a body that A planet is a body that revolves around a star.revolves around a star.

The four inner planets are The four inner planets are Mercury, Venus, EarthMercury, Venus, Earth, , and Marsand Mars. .

They are rocky and They are rocky and dense. dense.

Mercury is closet planet Mercury is closet planet to the sun.to the sun.

The asteroid belt between The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.Mars and Jupiter.

What is a planet?What is a planet?

Large object in Large object in space that revolves space that revolves in space around a in space around a sun on its own sun on its own orbit.orbit.

VenusVenus

Surrounded by Surrounded by thick clouds.thick clouds.

Outer PlanetsOuter Planets

There are 5 outer planets: There are 5 outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.Neptune, and Pluto.The first four are gas giants The first four are gas giants (made mostly of hydrogen and (made mostly of hydrogen and helium) and Pluto is now helium) and Pluto is now considered a dwarf planet.considered a dwarf planet.Jupiter is the largest planet.Jupiter is the largest planet.There is a new dwarf planet Eris There is a new dwarf planet Eris also called UB 313.also called UB 313.

Our Solar SystemOur Solar System

Beyond the Solar SystemBeyond the Solar SystemThe The universe is universe is everything that exists everything that exists which includes the which includes the stars, planets, dust, stars, planets, dust, and energy.and energy.

A galaxy is gas, dust, A galaxy is gas, dust, and a group of stars.and a group of stars.

Galaxies are Galaxies are classified by shapes.classified by shapes.(irregular, elliptical, (irregular, elliptical, spiral, barred spiral)spiral, barred spiral)

Space ExplorationSpace Exploration

The The telescopetelescope allows allows people to get a closer people to get a closer look at space.look at space.

Today scientists use Today scientists use telescopes, satellites, telescopes, satellites, and space probes and space probes to to explore space.explore space.

Space probe is a Space probe is a spaceship that spaceship that investigates and investigates and transmits details to transmits details to earth.earth.

Lesson 3Lesson 3

There are different There are different types of galaxies.types of galaxies.

Scientists classify Scientists classify them by their them by their shapeshape..

Colors of StarsColors of StarsCharacteristic Characteristic that that determines determines the color of a the color of a star is the star is the temperature.temperature.

Sun’s SizeSun’s Size

The sun is a The sun is a medium sized star, medium sized star, but it looks larger but it looks larger because it is closer because it is closer to earth than to earth than others.others.

Compare the planetsCompare the planets

The sun is larger than planetsThe sun is larger than planets

Sun is not the largest Star.Sun is not the largest Star.

QuestionsQuestions

What makes up a galaxy?What makes up a galaxy?

What is the name of our galaxy?What is the name of our galaxy?

How does EarthHow does Earth’’s Orbit affect the s Orbit affect the seasons?seasons?

What is the difference between rotate and What is the difference between rotate and revolve when referring to Earth?revolve when referring to Earth?

How does the Earth and the moon How does the Earth and the moon compare?compare?

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

What makes up our solar system?What makes up our solar system?

How are the movement of the sun, moon, How are the movement of the sun, moon, and stars connected?and stars connected?

How do starts differ?How do starts differ?

If you were to survive on the moon, what If you were to survive on the moon, what supplies would you need?supplies would you need?