Early ExplorationsEarly ExplorationsMr. White’s World HistoryMr. White’s World History

Big QuestionsBig Questions►Main Idea: During the age of exploration Main Idea: During the age of exploration

and expansion, Europeans expanded and expansion, Europeans expanded around the globe, and came into more around the globe, and came into more contact with other societies.contact with other societies.

►After we study this section, we should be After we study this section, we should be able to answer the following questions:able to answer the following questions: What motivated Europeans to explore and What motivated Europeans to explore and

expand around the globe?expand around the globe? What technologies allowed them to do this?What technologies allowed them to do this?

Major Change!Major Change!►The Renaissance and Reformations had The Renaissance and Reformations had

created a new culture in Europe that created a new culture in Europe that created new ways of thinking about life, created new ways of thinking about life, man’s place in the world, and religion.man’s place in the world, and religion.

►Exploration and expansion would Exploration and expansion would change the entire world by change the entire world by interconnecting all the different parts of interconnecting all the different parts of the world, foreverthe world, forever

PART I: AGE OF PART I: AGE OF EXPLORATIONEXPLORATION

Many different factors motivated Europeans to expand and Many different factors motivated Europeans to expand and explore.explore.

God, Gold, GloryGod, Gold, Glory► In the early parts of exploration, countries In the early parts of exploration, countries

and explorers were motivated by three and explorers were motivated by three things: God, gold, and glorythings: God, gold, and glory God – Christians desired to spread God – Christians desired to spread

Christianity to other places around the worldChristianity to other places around the world Gold – Merchants desired riches from other Gold – Merchants desired riches from other

parts of the world, gained through tradeparts of the world, gained through trade Glory – Countries desired to grow and become Glory – Countries desired to grow and become

stronger through exploration and empiresstronger through exploration and empires

Contact Outside of EuropeContact Outside of Europe►Europe before the Renaissance had Europe before the Renaissance had

depended on spices, such as pepper and depended on spices, such as pepper and nutmeg, from the eastnutmeg, from the east

►Arab and Venetian (Venice, Italy) merchants Arab and Venetian (Venice, Italy) merchants got rich from trading these spicesgot rich from trading these spices

►The Ottoman Empire, hostile to Christians, The Ottoman Empire, hostile to Christians, had shut off trade between Europe and the had shut off trade between Europe and the Far EastFar East

►Many traders looked for quicker routes to Many traders looked for quicker routes to the eastthe east

New TechnologyNew Technology►Open-water sailing required:Open-water sailing required:

Sailors trained in navigationSailors trained in navigation Accurate mapsAccurate maps Ocean-going shipsOcean-going ships

►Compass (Chinese) – allowed naval Compass (Chinese) – allowed naval vessels to determine their directionvessels to determine their direction

►Cartographers – accurate mapmakers Cartographers – accurate mapmakers helped chart the seas and coast lineshelped chart the seas and coast lines

The CompassThe Compass

ShipbuildingShipbuilding

► Late in the 1400s, ships were outfitted with Late in the 1400s, ships were outfitted with the lateen sails – triangle shape, enabled the lateen sails – triangle shape, enabled ships to sail against the windships to sail against the wind

► Ships would use multiple masts of different Ships would use multiple masts of different types to make the ships more flexible in types to make the ships more flexible in sailingsailing

► Rudder was moved to the back of the ship to Rudder was moved to the back of the ship to make it more maneuverablemake it more maneuverable

► Caravel – incorporated all of these Caravel – incorporated all of these improvements, as well as cannonsimprovements, as well as cannons Had a shallow draft, which allowed these ships to Had a shallow draft, which allowed these ships to

sail upriversail upriver

Lateen-rigged shipLateen-rigged ship

PART II: PORTUGAL AND PART II: PORTUGAL AND SPAIN LEAD THE WAYSPAIN LEAD THE WAY

Portugal and Spain were the first European countries to Portugal and Spain were the first European countries to reach out and explore.reach out and explore.

PortugalPortugal►Portugal began the search for an all-Portugal began the search for an all-

water route to Asia by exploring water route to Asia by exploring southward along the coast of Africasouthward along the coast of Africa

►Prince Henry the Navigator – never sailedPrince Henry the Navigator – never sailed Developed a school to train sailors in Developed a school to train sailors in

navigationnavigation Sponsored sea-going voyages of explorationSponsored sea-going voyages of exploration

►Henry’s students discovered the Azores, Henry’s students discovered the Azores, Madeira Islands, and Cape Verde IslandsMadeira Islands, and Cape Verde Islands

Portuguese ExplorersPortuguese Explorers►Bartholomeu Dias – In 1487, found the Bartholomeu Dias – In 1487, found the

southern tip of Africa, known as the southern tip of Africa, known as the Cape of Good HopeCape of Good Hope

►Vasco de Gama – took a five ship Vasco de Gama – took a five ship expedition around the Cape of Good expedition around the Cape of Good Hope to AsiaHope to Asia In India, de Gama tried to persuade local In India, de Gama tried to persuade local

rulers and Muslim traders to trade with rulers and Muslim traders to trade with the Portuguese, but failedthe Portuguese, but failed

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus►The first Spanish explorer to venture out The first Spanish explorer to venture out

was the famous Christopher Columbuswas the famous Christopher Columbus►Spain had recently become unified, and Spain had recently become unified, and

was no longer fighting against a local was no longer fighting against a local enemy, the Moorsenemy, the Moors

►Columbus approached Queen Isabella of Columbus approached Queen Isabella of Spain to request funding for his Spain to request funding for his explorations – to seek a westward all-explorations – to seek a westward all-water route to Asiawater route to Asia

In 1492…In 1492…► Isabella chose to support Columbus’ Isabella chose to support Columbus’

expeditionexpedition►1492 – Columbus sailed with three 1492 – Columbus sailed with three

ships, headed westwardships, headed westward►Avoiding a mutiny by his crew, Avoiding a mutiny by his crew,

Columbus and his expedition Columbus and his expedition eventually made landfall in an island in eventually made landfall in an island in the Bahamasthe Bahamas

GoldGold► Columbus and his crews spent the next three Columbus and his crews spent the next three

months exploring the local islands of months exploring the local islands of Hispaniola and CubaHispaniola and Cuba Found some gold, which would be enough to Found some gold, which would be enough to

convince the Spanish of the voyage’s successconvince the Spanish of the voyage’s success► Columbus was convinced that he had found an Columbus was convinced that he had found an

all-water route to Asia, and returned to Europeall-water route to Asia, and returned to Europe► In 1506, Columbus died certain that he had In 1506, Columbus died certain that he had

found a route to Asiafound a route to Asia► In 1507, Amerigo Vespucci suggested that In 1507, Amerigo Vespucci suggested that

Columbus had discovered a new world, and Columbus had discovered a new world, and had not found a way to Asiahad not found a way to Asia

PART III: VOYAGE OF PART III: VOYAGE OF MAGELLANMAGELLAN

Ferdinand Magellan was the first European to make a Ferdinand Magellan was the first European to make a trans-Atlantic voyage to Asia by an all-water route.trans-Atlantic voyage to Asia by an all-water route.

MagellanMagellan► In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan of Portugal In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan of Portugal

sailed for the Spanish to find an all-sailed for the Spanish to find an all-water route to Asiawater route to Asia

►Different hardships made the journey Different hardships made the journey difficultdifficult Some of Magellan’s crews mutiniedSome of Magellan’s crews mutinied Dangerous storms, rocky shores, Dangerous storms, rocky shores,

shipwrecksshipwrecks Water and food running outWater and food running out

Magellan’s VoyageMagellan’s Voyage► Magellan’s crew discovered the now-named Straight of Magellan’s crew discovered the now-named Straight of

Magellan, at the southern tip of South AmericaMagellan, at the southern tip of South America► Then, they ventured into the Pacific Ocean, named by Then, they ventured into the Pacific Ocean, named by

Magellan for its calmnessMagellan for its calmness► Four months later, the ship reached landFour months later, the ship reached land► Magellan was killed by a local tribe in the PhilippinesMagellan was killed by a local tribe in the Philippines► In 1522, the last ship, and 18 survivors reached SpainIn 1522, the last ship, and 18 survivors reached Spain► What did this accomplish?What did this accomplish?

First circumnavigation of the globe, proving it was roundFirst circumnavigation of the globe, proving it was round Added to knowledge about the size of the earthAdded to knowledge about the size of the earth Proved that the oceans of the world were connectedProved that the oceans of the world were connected Proved that Columbus had “discovered” a new worldProved that Columbus had “discovered” a new world

Big QuestionsBig Questions►Main Idea: During the age of exploration Main Idea: During the age of exploration

and expansion, Europeans expanded and expansion, Europeans expanded around the globe, and came into more around the globe, and came into more contact with other societies.contact with other societies.

►After we study this section, we should be After we study this section, we should be able to answer the following questions:able to answer the following questions: What motivated Europeans to explore and What motivated Europeans to explore and

expand around the globe?expand around the globe? What technologies allowed them to do this?What technologies allowed them to do this? How did European societies change because How did European societies change because

of these explorations?of these explorations?