EARLY BRITISH COLONIES – EARLY BRITISH COLONIES – VirginiaVirginia

► Beginning in the early Beginning in the early 1600s, the English 1600s, the English established colonies along established colonies along the eastern coast of North the eastern coast of North AmericaAmerica

► 1607: Jamestown was first 1607: Jamestown was first successful colony to be successful colony to be settled in North Americasettled in North America

► John Smith led this group John Smith led this group of settlersof settlers

► Colony struggled at first, Colony struggled at first, then then was saved by was saved by Tobacco crop- John Rolfe Tobacco crop- John Rolfe “Father of Tobacco”“Father of Tobacco”

EARLY BRITISH COLONIES – EARLY BRITISH COLONIES – Virginia Virginia

► The first colonial legislature The first colonial legislature (government), the House of (government), the House of BurgessesBurgesses, was established , was established in 1619. Only rich land in 1619. Only rich land owing white males could be owing white males could be a member of this body.a member of this body.

► First Africans brought in First Africans brought in 1619 as indentured servants1619 as indentured servants

► The headright system gave The headright system gave 50 acres of land to those 50 acres of land to those who paid for themselves or who paid for themselves or others to come to Americaothers to come to America

► Powhatans help colonies Powhatans help colonies survive but later attack survive but later attack when colonists continue to when colonists continue to come.come.

Native Americans and Native Americans and Colonist Colonist

► War breaks out on the War breaks out on the frontierfrontier

► Governor at Jamestown Governor at Jamestown refuses to send troops or refuses to send troops or help the frontierhelp the frontier

► BaconBacon’’s Rebellion - s Rebellion - Nathaniel Bacon starts and Nathaniel Bacon starts and army and attacks army and attacks JamestownJamestown

► BaconBacon’’s Rebellion revealed s Rebellion revealed the class struggle within the class struggle within the colony between the colony between wealthy landowners and wealthy landowners and poor settlers on the poor settlers on the frontier frontier

PURITANS CREATE A PURITANS CREATE A ““NEW NEW ENGLANDENGLAND””

► The 16The 16thth century century Reformation caused a Reformation caused a split in the Christian split in the Christian Church; Catholics and Church; Catholics and ProtestantsProtestants

►One extreme group of One extreme group of Protestant reformers – Protestant reformers – the the Puritans sought to Puritans sought to cleanse or cleanse or ““purifypurify”” their religion of all their religion of all traces of Catholicism traces of Catholicism

PURITAN, OR “PILGRIM”

Massachusetts Bay ColonyMassachusetts Bay Colony

►Puritans, Pilgrims, Puritans, Pilgrims, in the New Worldin the New World

►This colony set up This colony set up a local government a local government in which the right in which the right to vote was given to vote was given to every adult male to every adult male who belong to the who belong to the Puritan church.Puritan church.

Puritan Solutions: Puritan Solutions: Half-Way CovenantHalf-Way Covenant

►The Half-Way The Half-Way Covenant was Covenant was developed to stop developed to stop the decline in the decline in church church membership.membership.

► It granted partial It granted partial membership to the membership to the children and children and grandchildren ofgrandchildren of

►original puritans.original puritans.►These “half-way These “half-way

members” were members” were allowed to vote in allowed to vote in the church and the church and this paved the this paved the way for voting in way for voting in society as well. society as well.

COLONISTS MEET COLONISTS MEET RESISTANCERESISTANCE

► New England Colonists New England Colonists (Puritans) soon conflicted (Puritans) soon conflicted with the Native with the Native Americans over land & Americans over land & religionreligion

► King PhilipKing Philip’’s War was s War was fought in 1675 between fought in 1675 between the Natives and Puritans. the Natives and Puritans. Metacom whom the Metacom whom the English called King Philip English called King Philip attacked the settlers.attacked the settlers.

► Ended a year later with Ended a year later with many dead and the many dead and the Natives retreating.Natives retreating.

Roger Williams and Rhode Roger Williams and Rhode IslandIsland

► Puritans also faced Puritans also faced resistance within to their resistance within to their intolerance of other religious intolerance of other religious ideas.ideas.

► ““Forced religion sinks in the Forced religion sinks in the nostrils of God”, believed in nostrils of God”, believed in separation of church and separation of church and state, and religious freedomstate, and religious freedom

► Roger Williams was arrested Roger Williams was arrested for “heresy”for “heresy”. Roger Williams . Roger Williams escaped and consequently escaped and consequently founded the Providence founded the Providence Colony (Rhode Island). Colony (Rhode Island).

Ann HutchinsonAnn Hutchinson

►Ann Hutchinson Ann Hutchinson taught Bible taught Bible reading in her reading in her home. She taught home. She taught that the true that the true believer could believer could interpret the Bible interpret the Bible with out a minister. with out a minister. She and her family She and her family were banished.were banished.

Salem Witch TrialsSalem Witch Trials► A group of teenage A group of teenage

girls caused great girls caused great hysteria and the hysteria and the deaths of over 20 deaths of over 20 people who were people who were accused of being accused of being witches. witches.

► During the fall of During the fall of 1692 the trials lasted 1692 the trials lasted until the governor of until the governor of Massachusetts put Massachusetts put an end to the trials.an end to the trials.

SETTLING THE MIDDLE SETTLING THE MIDDLE COLONIESCOLONIES

► Dominated by Dutch Dominated by Dutch and Quaker settlers, and Quaker settlers, the Middle Colonies the Middle Colonies were founded in the were founded in the mid-1600smid-1600s

► William Penn led William Penn led Quakers as they Quakers as they colonized colonized Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania and DelawareDelaware

THE COLONIES COME OF AGE – THE COLONIES COME OF AGE – SECTION 4SECTION 4

► New England, Middle New England, Middle Colonies, and the South Colonies, and the South – all developed distinct – all developed distinct economies and societieseconomies and societies

► In the South, rural In the South, rural Plantations with a single Plantations with a single cash crop were commoncash crop were common

► Small Southern farmers Small Southern farmers (Germans, Scots, Irish) (Germans, Scots, Irish) and African slaves made and African slaves made up the majority of up the majority of people people

Southern Plantation

ENGLANDENGLAND’’S COLONIES S COLONIES PROSPERPROSPER

► Throughout the 1600s and Throughout the 1600s and 1700s, more British 1700s, more British Colonies were establishedColonies were established

► By 1752, the English By 1752, the English Crown had assumed more Crown had assumed more & more responsibility for & more responsibility for the 13 colonies making the 13 colonies making the Royal Colonies as the Royal Colonies as opposed to joint-stock.opposed to joint-stock.

► Mercantilism & Navigation Mercantilism & Navigation Acts were two such ways Acts were two such ways the English government the English government controlled the colonies.controlled the colonies.

King George III

NAVIGATION ACTSNAVIGATION ACTS► 1651- England1651- England’’s s

Parliament passed a Parliament passed a series of laws known as series of laws known as the the Navigation ActsNavigation Acts

► These laws restricted the These laws restricted the colonies shipping & tradecolonies shipping & trade

► Ships, destinations, Ships, destinations, crews, goods: All strictly crews, goods: All strictly regulated by the English regulated by the English

► The colonies were The colonies were developing a spirit of developing a spirit of self-determination. self-determination. Therefore, they were Therefore, they were NOT happy with these NOT happy with these restrictionsrestrictions

MERCANTILISMMERCANTILISM: AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN : AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN WHICH NATIONS SEEK TO INCREASE THEIR WHICH NATIONS SEEK TO INCREASE THEIR WEALTH BY OBTAINING GOLD & SILVER AND WEALTH BY OBTAINING GOLD & SILVER AND WITH A FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE FOR WITH A FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE FOR

THE COLONIZERTHE COLONIZER

MERCANTILISM

that the English government controlled the colonies

Economics of Colonization: Economics of Colonization: MercantilismMercantilism

► Colonizing Countries (ex. Britain) want to Colonizing Countries (ex. Britain) want to export more than they import =more wealthexport more than they import =more wealth

►Mercantilism creates an unfair balance of Mercantilism creates an unfair balance of trade, which benefits the colonizing country trade, which benefits the colonizing country but DOES NOT benefit the colony (ex. 13 but DOES NOT benefit the colony (ex. 13 American Colony)American Colony)

Colonizing Country(ex. Britain)

Colony (ex. 13 American Colonies)

Raw Goods provided

Goods manufactured

THE MIDDLE PASSAGETHE MIDDLE PASSAGE►During the 17During the 17thth

century, Africans century, Africans (future slaves) endured (future slaves) endured a transatlantic crossing a transatlantic crossing from Africa to the from Africa to the North American North American Colonies called the Colonies called the Middle PassageMiddle Passage

► Cruelty characterized Cruelty characterized the months long the months long journey – up to 20% journey – up to 20% died on route died on route

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR/ FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR/ Seven Years WarSeven Years War

► French and Indian War: French and Indian War: Competition in North Competition in North America led to a war America led to a war (1754-1763) between old (1754-1763) between old rivals France and Englandrivals France and England

► The French in North The French in North America were tradesmen America were tradesmen (furs) not long-term (furs) not long-term inhabitantsinhabitants

► Ohio River valley was the Ohio River valley was the site of the conflictsite of the conflict

► The Colonists supported The Colonists supported the British while the the British while the Natives supported the Natives supported the FrenchFrench

BRITAIN DEFEATS AN OLD BRITAIN DEFEATS AN OLD ENEMYENEMY

► While the French had While the French had early victories, early victories, the British the British led by William Pitt and led by William Pitt and George Washington George Washington eventually defeated the eventually defeated the French French

► Treaty of Paris ends the Treaty of Paris ends the war in 1763war in 1763

► Brits claim most of North Brits claim most of North America including Florida America including Florida (from French ally Spain) & (from French ally Spain) & CanadaCanada

► Native Americans also Native Americans also realized a French loss was realized a French loss was a Native American lossa Native American loss

WILLIAM PITT ON A COIN

PROCLAMATION LINE OF PROCLAMATION LINE OF 17631763

► Proclamation Line of Proclamation Line of 17631763: To avoid further : To avoid further costly conflicts with costly conflicts with Native Americans, the Native Americans, the British government British government prohibited colonists from prohibited colonists from settling west of the settling west of the Appalachian Mtns.Appalachian Mtns.

► The Proclamation The Proclamation established established a line along a line along the Appalachians that the Appalachians that colonists could not cross colonists could not cross (They did anyway)(They did anyway)

THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE GREAT AWAKENINGGREAT AWAKENING

► The Enlightenment The Enlightenment 1700s: An INTELLECTUAL 1700s: An INTELLECTUAL movement began in movement began in Europe and the Colonies Europe and the Colonies

► The Enlightenment The Enlightenment emphasized reason, emphasized reason, science, and observation science, and observation and led to the discovery and led to the discovery of natural lawsof natural laws

► Copernicus, Galileo, Copernicus, Galileo, FranklinFranklin and Newton and Newton were were key figureskey figures

RELIGIOUS REVIVAL: THE GREAT RELIGIOUS REVIVAL: THE GREAT AWAKENINGAWAKENING

► The Great Awakening (mid The Great Awakening (mid 1700s): A series of 1700s): A series of religious revivals aimed to religious revivals aimed to restore devotion & piety, restore devotion & piety, swept through the colonies swept through the colonies

► Jonathan Edwards was a Jonathan Edwards was a Puritan priest from New Puritan priest from New England who was key England who was key person in the movementperson in the movement

► Fire & Brimstone style of Fire & Brimstone style of worship; large, emotionally worship; large, emotionally charged crowdscharged crowds

► Like the Enlightenment the Like the Enlightenment the movement stressed the movement stressed the importance of the importance of the INDIVIDUALINDIVIDUAL