earlinet observations of saharandust outbreaks over europe

Leipziger Staubtag, KUBUS Leipzig, 6 March 2014

EARLINET Observations ofSaharan Dust Outbreaks over Europe

Ulla WandingerLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany

with contributions from theTROPOS Ground‐Based Remote‐Sensing Group

and the ACTRIS/EARLINET Consortium


EARLINET‐ European Aerosol Research Lidar Network

• Continental-scale lidar network• Long-term, regular observations

since 2000• Raman/multiwavelength/

polarization lidar instrument• QA program for instruments and

algorithms• Climatological observations

(3 times a week)• Special cases based on alert

system (Saharan dust, forest-fire smoke, volcanic aerosol…)

• Correlative observations during CALIPSO overpasses

EARLINET: currently active stations (Pappalardo et al. AMTD 2014)

Integrated in ACTRIS (Aerosols, Clouds and Trace-gases Research InfraStructure Network) since 2011


EARLINET is an optimal observation tool for Saharan dust events

• dust profiling, capability of 4d observations

• high-performance lidar stations (multiwavelength, Raman, depolarization)

• continental-scale coverage to study transport and modification processes

• high number of stations in Southern Europe, from Portugal to Cyprus

• a suitable observing methodology has been established within the network

- alert system based on operational outputs of DREAM (Dust REgionalAtmospheric Model, BSC) and the Skiron (University of Athens) models

- warnings 24-48 h in advance

• use of air-mass back-trajectory analysis (DWD/GME Model, NOAA HYSPLIT, FLEXPART)

• satellite data analysis (EP/TOMS AI, SeaWiFS AOT, NOAA/AVHRR AOT, MODIS AOT, CALIPSO)

Validation of model output and satellite products

EARLINET and Saharan dust


DREAM Forecast

CALIPSO overpasses

Major Saharan dust outbreak, 27‐30 May 2008

Pappalardo et al. JGR 2010


North-south and day-to-day variability of the dust load in terms of backscatter coefficient




L2 product comparison: 28 May, night

Attenuated Backscatter

Vertical Feature MaskAerosolClouds



Misclassificationof Saharan dust as low ice cloud north of 50° N

L2 product comparison: 30 May, day



Optical data products: Leipzig, 27 May 2008

Dust layer

0.9±0.2 Mm-1sr-1

0.9±0.2 Mm-1sr-1

1.1±0.3 Mm-1sr-147±5 Mm-1

50±6 Mm-154±6 sr46±3 sr

0.09±0.010.40±0.070.30±0.10Layer-mean values

Statistics of many layers from many stations

Backsc. Extinc. Lidar rat. Angstr. Depol.




Systematic dust observations over EuropeNumber of events (2000–2002)

Courtesy of Lucia Mona, based on Papayannis et al. JGR 2008



Systematic dust observations over EuropeAOD at 355 nm inside the dust lofted layers (2000–2002)


Systematic dust observations over EuropeLidar ratio at 355 nm inside the dust lofted layers (2000–2002)



Geometrical features of dust layer are well described by the model in terms of center of mass.

Good correlation between optical properties and concentration profiles apart from cases with low dust amount (AOD < 0.1)

On average we found an underestimation in the model extinction profiles.

Difference in extinction higher when convection processes are enhanced.

Mixing processes are likely to be the main source of the observed differences.

Model evaluation: BSC‐DREAM8b at Potenza station

Courtesy of Lucia Mona


EARLINET database

All Climatol Calipso Saharan Volcanic DiurnalCycle Cirrus Others0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

Num

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f file

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Category

Database of extinction and backscatter profiles in a standardized NetCDF format (CF compliantdataformat)

Organized in 10 categories (climatology, saharan dust, volcanic, forest fires, calipso, etc.)

Data availability: internal (first year from data acquisition)

external (freely available from www.earlinet.org and ACTRIS data portal)

DOI database with quality-checked files in publication

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 20120

2000

4000

6000

8000

Num

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f file

s

Year

Pappalardo et al. AMTD 2014


EARLINET database

http://access.earlinet.org/


EARLINET data at WDCC

http://cera-www.dkrz.de/WDCC/ui


LIdar Climatology of Vertical Aerosol Structure for Space-Based Lidar Simulation Studies

LIVAS: Combining EARLINET and CALIPSO

http://lidar.space.noa.gr:8080/livas/

• LIVAS provides a global and extensive aerosol and cloud optical database, to be used for current and future lidar end‐to‐end simulations of realistic atmospheric scenarios as well as retrieval algorithm testing activities.

• The climatology aims to address the wavelength dependency of aerosol optical properties for the laser operating wavelengths of 355, 532, 1064, 1570 and 2050 nm.

• The database is delivered under a portal with specific web graphical user interface.


Datasets/Models Purpose

CALIPSO Backscatter and extinction @532nm and 1064nm + depolarization @532nm

EARLINET Backscatter and extinction related conversion factor (CF) and lidar ratio (LR) for UV/VIS

AERONET + OPAC Typical size distributions and refractive indexes for MIE scattering simulations

MIE scattering models Mie scattering models (T-matrix non-spherical approximations) for IR

** Optical properties and conversion factors will be calculated for typical aerosol types, based on the classification of CALIPSO

LIVAS datasets and models

In particular regarding dust, the EARLINET lidar ratio is used toconvert CALIPSO backscatter to extinction/optical depth

Amiridis et al. ACP 2013


References

Amiridis, V., Wandinger, U., Marinou, E., Giannakaki, E., Tsekeri, A., Basart, S., Kazadzis, S., Gkikas, A., Taylor, M., Baldasano, J., Ansmann A. 2013. Optimizing CALIPSO Saharan dust retrievals. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12089-12106, doi:10.5194/acp-13-12089-2013.

Ansmann, A., Bösenberg, J., Chaikovsky, A. P., Comerón, A., Eixmann, R., Freudenthaler, V., Ginoux, P., Komguem, L., Linné, H., Márquez, M. Á. L., Manoj, S., Matthias, V., Mattis, I., Mitev, V., Müller, D., Nickovic, S., Pelon, J., Sauvage, L., Sobolewsky, P., Stohl, A., Torres, O., Vaughan, G., Wandinger, U., Wiegner, M. 2003. Long-range transport of Saharan dust to northern Europe: The 11-16 October 2001 outbreak observed with EARLINET. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4783, 2003JD003757.

Müller, D., Mattis, I., Wandinger, U., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., Dubovik, O., Eckhardt, S., Stohl, A. 2003. Saharan dust over a Central European EARLINET-AERONET site: Combined observations with Raman lidar and Sun photometer. J. Geophys. Res.,108, 4345, 2002JD002918.

Papayannis, A., Amiridis, V., Mona, L., Tsaknakis, G., Balis, D., Bösenberg, J., Chaikovsky, A., de Tomasi, F., Grigorov, I., Mattis, I., Mitev, V., Müller, D., Nickovic, S., Pérez, C., Pietruczuk, A., Pisani, G., Ravetta, F., Rizi, V., Sicard, M., Trickl, T., Wiegner, M., Gerding, M., Mamouri, R. E., D'Amico, G., Pappalardo, G. 2008. Systematic lidar observations of Saharan dustover Europe in the frame of EARLINET (2000-2002). J. Geophys. Res., 113, D10204, 2007JD009028.

Pappalardo, G., Wandinger, U., Mona, L., Hiebsch, A., Mattis, I., Amodeo, A., Ansmann, A., Seifert, P., Linné, H., Apituley, A., Alados Arboledas, L., Balis, D., Chaikovsky, A., D’Amico, G., De Tomasi, F., Freudenthaler, V., Giannakaki, E., Giunta, A., Grigorov, I., Iarlori, M., Madonna, F., Mamouri, R.-E., Nasti, L., Papayannis, A., Pietruczuk, A., Pujadas, M., Rizi, V., Rocadenbosch, F., Russo, F., Schnell, F., Spinelli, N., Wang, X., Wiegner, M. 2010. EARLINET correlative measurements for CALIPSO: First intercomparison results. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00H19, doi:10.1029/2009JD012147.

Pappalardo, G., Amodeo, A., Apituley, A., Comeron, A., Freudenthaler, V., Linné, H., Ansmann, A., Bösenberg, J., D’Amico, G., Mattis, I., Mona, L., Wandinger, U., Amiridis, A., Alados-Arboledas, L., Nicolae, D., Wiegner, M. 2014. EARLINET: Towards an advanced sustainable European aerosol lidar network, submitted to AMTD

earlinet observations of saharandust outbreaks over europe

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