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What is Logic? • Using reliable information and inference • Which of these is logical, then?
A.1. If Jane has a cat, then Jane has a pet2. Jane has a cat3. Therefore, Jane has a pet
B.1. If Jane has a cat, then Jane has a pet2. Jane has a pet3. Therefore, Jane has a cat
C.1. If Jane has a cat, then Jane has a pet2. It is not the case that Jane has a pet3. Therefore, it is not the case that Jane has a cat
D.1. If Jane has a cat, then Jane has a pet2. It is not the case that Jane has a cat3. Therefore, it is not the case that Jane has a pet
A. Valid
B. InvalidThis argument form is commonly mistaken as being valid. Notice that even if the premises are true, the conclusion could still be false: Jane could have a dog.
C.Valid
What is Evidence? #1, pg 100 Which of these is Hard Evidence? Which is Rational appeal?1. The bigger they are, the
harder the fall. Rational. 2. Drunk drivers are involved
in more than 50% of traffic deaths. Hard evidence. “involved” is the key word
3. DNA… Hard evidence.4. Flag burn…rational5. Psychologist..Hard
evidence
6. Honey – rational7. Cutting taxes – both hard
evidence and rational 8. Fear – rational9. Air bags – hard evidence
Logic/Reasoning Evidence
• Believing a point vs proving/providing evidence
• Premise: Students shouldn’t be allowed to own cars.• “Students have more accidents than older drivers.”
– search for evidence of this claim• “The costs of owning a car make students work
more, giving them less time to study.” – Search for facts and figures to back this up.
• “Not having cars encourages students to spend more time on campus or with other students, increasing their involvement with and commitment to school life.” – Create poll, poll class members, and discuss when we can
rely on our own experience or that of people we know, and when we need a larger sample size.
Using LogicChoose one of these claims(or use a claim agreed upon by your group and approved by me)
• Standardized tests do not demonstrate student knowledge
• Parents of bullies should be fined.
• America needs more holidays. • MP3s should be free. • Higher education should be
free.
Support the claim using:
• Facts Online : polls, statistics, testimonials, etc.
On your poster:• Use the data to draw a
visual image, similar to an advertisement. Make it visually appealing and persuasive.