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E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies

Emerging Technologies forWater & Wastewater Treatment

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Emerging Technologies ShowcaseOctober 16, 2013

Welcome. Today’s webinar is being recorded and will be posted at:• www.E3Tnw.org• www.ConduitNW.org

Presenters: Sudeshna Pabi – EPRIDawn Lesley – Energy Smart Industrial, BPATony Koch – BPA EE

E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging TechnologiesE3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies

Electricity Use and Management in the MunicipalWater Supply and Wastewater Industries

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Ammi AmarnathSenior Program Manager, EPRI

Sudeshna PabiSenior Project Scientist, EPRI

Bob GoldsteinSenior Technical Executive, EPRI

Oct 16, 2013


Electricity Use and Management in the Municipal WaterSupply and Wastewater Industries: Past EPRI Research

• Around 2-3 % of the electricity consumed in theUS annually is used for water and wastewaterconveyance and treatment

• Most wastewater plants are 30 to 50 years old• When these plants were constructed, energy

efficiency was not an issue

• This report details how energy is used anddescribes opportunities for energy efficiencyand load management

Popular Product – Being Used by Utility ManagersPopular Product – Being Used by Utility Managers

“Water and Wastewater Industries:Characteristics and Energy Management

Opportunities” (EPRI report,1996)

“Water and Wastewater Industries:Characteristics and Energy Management

Opportunities” (EPRI report,1996)


Electricity Use and Management in the Municipal WaterSupply and Wastewater Industries: Current EPRI Research

• Construct a complete picture of energy use inthe water and wastewater sectors from thebottom up by assessing unit level operations

• Provide electric utility staff with a practical toolto better understand the water and wastewaterindustries and the challenges they face

• Provide information about the state-of-the-arttechnologies that can optimize the processes

• Provide examples and discussions of energyefficiency and load management opportunities

• Identify new electricity using technologies thatrequire demonstration tests

Collaborative Project with Water Research FoundationCollaborative Project with Water Research Foundation


Executive Summary

Chapter 1: IntroductionChapter 2: Overview of the Municipal Water Supply IndustryChapter 3: Overview of the Municipal Wastewater Treatment IndustryChapter 4: Electricity Use in Municipal Water Treatment and Distribution SystemsChapter 5: Electricity Use in Municipal Wastewater Treatment SystemsChapter 6: Constraints and Opportunities for Energy Efficiency and Load ManagementChapter 7: Facility Case Studies (Examples of Best Practices in Energy Management)Chapter 8: Recommended Demonstration ProjectsChapter 9: Conclusions and Next Steps

Report Outline

Title and Number: “Electricity Use and Management in the Municipal Water Supply andWastewater Industries”, 3002001433Title and Number: “Electricity Use and Management in the Municipal Water Supply andWastewater Industries”, 3002001433


Name Company

Harold Reed American Water

Greg Ryan South East Water, Australia

Brad BurkeGregory Heck Southern Company

Lindsay Averett Oglethorpe Power Corporation

Lauren Fillmore Water Environment Research Foundation

Jean Claude Van Duysen Électricité de France

Lory Larson Southern California Edison

Roger PaulesMaryanne McGowan Duke Energy

William Rice Charlotte Mecklenburg Utilities (EMD)

Linda Reeke Water Research Foundation

Bob Goldstein, Sudeshna Pabi, Ammi Amarnath EPRI

Project Steering Committee Members


State of Public Drinking Water andWastewater Sector in Recent Years

• $4 billion spent annually in the U.S. forenergy in the water sector

• About 80 percent of energyconsumption goes to pumping anddistributing water and wastewater withthe remaining for treatment

• Water utility energy use can vary widelyranging from 804 to 4,321 kWh/MG ofdrinking water produced and delivered

Source: Energy Efficiency Best Practices for North American Drinking Water Utilities, Water Research Foundation 2011


• Public supply water withdrawals were 44,200 milliongallons per day in 2005– 1/3 from groundwater– 2/3 from surface water(Source: USGS)

• There are approximately 51,460 communitywater systems in the U.S.– 4,229 systems serve population centers of 10,000 or more(Source: EPA)

• Growing limitations on fresh surface and groundwater availability– Concerns over increased water use and climate impacts on surface water supplies– Many major ground water aquifers seeing reductions in water quality and yield

United States Drinking Water Sector


Projected Water Withdrawals for Public Use

As population increases projected waterwithdrawals will also increase

Source: Historic data from Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2005, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S.Geological Survey, Circular 1344, Reston, Virginia: 2009, http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1344/pdf/c1344.pdf.


• A total of about 32,345 million gallons (MG) ofwastewater is treated each day in this industry(Source: EPA)

• The municipal wastewater treatment industry iscomposed of about 14,780 publicly ownedtreatment works (Source: EPA)

– 78% of the plants were under 1 MGD capacity andprocessed less than 8% of the wastewater generated

• Environmental regulations are leading to moreenergy intensive treatment technologies

• Wastewater treatment energy use can vary widelyranging from 1500 to 3,500 kWh/MG of wastewatertreated

United States Wastewater Sector


Comparison of Wastewater TreatmentStatistics for 1988 and 2008

Survey Year Number ofFacilities

Existing Flow(MGD)

Number ofPeople Served

1988 15,591 28,736 ~180 million

2008 14,780 32,345 226 million

Percent Change -5% 13% 26%

Source: 1.Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2008: Report to Congress, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC: 2008. EPA-832-R-10-002.

2. Assessment of Needed Publicly Owned Wastewater Treatment Facilities in the United States, 1988 Needs Survey to Congress,U.S. EPA, Washington, DC: 1989. EPA/430/09-89/001.


Electricity Use in U.S. Water & WastewaterSectors

1996 EPRI Report:– W & WW Sectors

accounted for anestimated 45.7 billion kWhin 1988, or 1.8% of totalU.S. electricity use

2013 EPRI Report,Preliminary Estimates:

– W & WW sectorsaccounted for anestimated 60 billion kWhin 2011, or 1.8% of totalU.S. electricity use

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Total US (EIA)

Water andWastewater sectors


Current Trends in Water and WastewaterEnergy Management

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Water• Water pumping continues to be

the primary energy-using unitprocess

• In the future, overall intensityvalues could actually increasedue the growth of desalination,– population served by

desalination: ~3%– estimated electricity used for

desalination plants: ~18%

Wastewater Industry:• Energy intensity slightly greater

than in 1996• Additional technologies like UV

disinfection and odor controlare now included.

• Current overall aerationestimates are lower than the1996 values

• Energy-saving technologies, likefine bubble diffusers, are morewidely implemented now.


Energy Management OpportunitiesPresented in the Study

Energy Efficiency andDemand Response

Emerging Technologiesand Processes

Energy Recovery andGeneration

Strategic EnergyManagement

Data Monitoring andProcess Control

Water Conservation High-Efficiency Pumps

and Motors Adjustable Speed

Drives Pipeline Optimization Advanced Aeration Demand Response

Odor Control Membrane Bioreactors Deammonification

Sidestream Process Water Reuse Residuals Processing Microbial Fuel Cells LED UV Lamps

Cogeneration UsingDigester Biogas

Use of RenewableEnergy to Pump Water

Recovery of ExcessLine Pressure toProduce Electricity


Energy Management OpportunitiesPresented in the Study: Selected few

• Strategic Energy Management Practices– savings range 2-20%; independent of other

equipment-based energy efficiencyimprovements

– ISO 50001 Standard for Energy Management Systems

• Data Monitoring and Process Control– estimated an electric energy savings potential of 5-10%

across the U.S.– One of the most promising applications of advanced

controls is to control peak demand.



• High-Efficiency Pumps and Motors– The efficiency of the pump and motor combination

affects the pumping performance significantly.– Approximately 10-30% depending on initial design

• Adjustable Speed Drives (ASDs)– Efficiently control flow by varying the pump’s rotational speed.– Electric energy savings of 5-50% relative to other methods used to

accommodate fluctuating flow demand (e.g. throttling or bypassing),depending on initial design

• Advanced Aeration Technologies– High-speed turbo blowers offer both energy savings and reduced

maintenance costs. Their nominal blower efficiency ranges between 50%and 82%



Demand Response Strategies:• Definition: changes in electric usage by demand-side resources

from their normal consumption patterns In response to changesin the price of electricity over time, or to incentive paymentsdesigned to induce lower electricity use1

– Load Shedding: Shut down unnecessary equipment such as pumps,HVAC, lighting, aerator blowers; operate pumps at reduces capacities

– Load Shifting: a) Reschedule some processes to offpeak, such asbiosolids thickening/dewatering. b) Water storage2

• Several Case Studies

1. The Federal Regulatory Commission (FERC)

2. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Opportunities for Energy Efficiency and Open Automated Demand Response in WastewaterTreatment Facilities in California – Phase I Report, LBNL-2572E, April 2009.


Facility Case Studies and Demo Projects

• Case Studies:– 7-8 case studies

depicting bestpractices in facilities,CA, NV, WI, NY, OR, FL

• Demonstration– 4 target area


Opportunities for Demonstration Projects

EE and DR Energy Recovery Improved BiosolidsTreatment

Desalination

Deammonification andother low energyalternatives toactivated sludge

Pelton turbine forwater distributionsystems

Cell lysis throughultrasonic means

Dual reverse osmosiswith chemicalprecipitation

Advanced SCADAsystems

Francis turbines forenergy recovery fromdesalination plants

Electrodewatering

Automatic DemandResponse (Auto-DR)

Distributed powergeneration

Microwave drying ofsludge

Distributed powergeneration

Digester enhancementsto improve methaneyield

Remote sensingtechnologyHigh-speed gearless(Turbo) blowers


• There is potential for improvingenergy efficiency in the water andwastewater sectors

• Relative benefits of individualtechnologies and practices are sitedependent

• There is value to create tool box oftechnologies and best practices

Concluding Thoughts

Future focus on demonstration of benefits fromspecific technology or process deduced from

this current study

Future focus on demonstration of benefits fromspecific technology or process deduced from

this current study


Dawn Lesley, PEWater/Wastewater Sector Specialist

Saving Energy at Water andWastewater Plants

Oct 16, 2013


• KISS!• Opportunities to

reduce the energyused in water– Operations– Technology

Water and Wastewater Opportunities


Water and wastewater facilities were never designedwith energy in mind. Some of the truly basicopportunities are mind-boggling:

• Turning stuff down.– VFDs on mixers, blowers & pumps– Assessing need for high-pressure plant water– Odor control!

• Turning stuff off when it’s not being used.

• Embedded in water. Can we recover some energy?

KISS: Keep It Simple . . . Seriously!


• Moving water– Take advantage of gravity when possible.– Reduce the amount of water we pump.– Increase the efficiency with which we pump it.

• Treating water– Reduce the amount of

water we treat.– Increase the efficiency

with which we treat it.

Water – Reduce Energy Used


• Turn off VFDs in low-demand season.

• Program SCADA so energy use shows on screen.

• Optimize hydraulic model to prioritize energyefficiency (Vancouver, WA predicts 34% savings – willtry this winter).

• Reduce pressure on water distribution lines (reducespumping energy and leak rates).

Operational


• Established technology– LED lighting– VFDs (mixers, blowers, pumps, etc.)– Booster pumps for localized pressurization– SCADA improvements

• Innovative technology (to follow)

Technology Overview


• Turbo – Neuros, K-Turbo

Innovative Technology – Blowers

• Hybrid – Aerzen


• Not everyone hasreplaced coarse-bubblewith fine-bubblediffusers.

• Now there’s ultrafine.

• One plant in Washingtonis getting around 30%energy savings.

Innovative Technology – Diffusers (ultrafine)


Anacortes, WA

Main Plant KWH Usage Comparison

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2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

2007 264240 250320 248400 232800 235560 210960 213480 210720 232920 266520 284160 281160

2008 279720 259320 269640 241080 244320 216600 214920 226560 228480 252720 301320 278440

2009 295680 256320 231960 239160 213960 200880 230760 200520 219360 269400 311640 298320

2010 246600 284160 247680 238560 242760 218400 204360 225600 213240 211920 276600 276600

2011 278040 263400 240720 223200 215760 182160 190320 183960 184680 220920 183240 183240

2012 193440 179400 150600 144120 135240 137520 159720 136080 135720 155640 162240 169560

2013 196200 165600

January February March April May June July August September October November December


MBRs are extremely fine-pore membranes used to separateclean water from the biological organisms used in treatment.

• Not exactly a low-energy technology. Careful thought shouldbe applied to the final use of the water.– LEAP membrane – GE-Zenon

– Mem-Pulse membrane – Siemens

Innovative Technology – Membrane Bioreactors


Marco Island WWTP, FL

A tourist destination with winter surges, eight million gallons per day(MGD) peak capacity, five-train plant with four running, convertedone train to LEAP membranes.

ZeeWeed 500D LEAPEnergy 794 570 kWh/dayCost $61.16 $43.91 $/day1 year $22,321 $16,027

Cost Savings $6,294 per yearkW Saved 81,752 per year

Planning to convert the othertrains, and expect to multiplythese numbers by four.


Innovative Technology Mixers

Linear motion – Gresham ORinstalled one 20-HP mixer on eachanaerobic digester, measured to bedrawing <5 HP. Each replaced a 40 HPgas compressor.

PAX Water

Invent®

Hyperboloid


Innovative Technology –Effluent Heat Recovery

McMinnville and Silverton, Oregon, West Wendover,Nevada heat and cool buildings with heat pumps usingthe effluent as the heat sink / source for therefrigeration cycle.

– Reduces HVAC load

– McMinnville info: effluent is 71 degrees F, this project savesthem nearly 540,000 kWh/year

– West Wendover, Nevada: effluent heat pumps saves them213,000 kWh/year in building heating.


Innovative Technology –Real-time Process Monitoring

• Multi-cell Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Control:Chambers Creek WWTP getting blower energysavings

• Nitrogen Monitoring and Control (Hach and others)

• ZAPS


Innovative Technology –Real-time Equipment Monitoring

Real-time monitoring – Pump line-ups, Xylem Flygt MultiSmart


Tony KochMechanical Engineer

EWEB/Eugene-Springfield MetropolitanWastewater Management Commission (MWMC)

Demand Response Pilot (TI 266)

Oct 16, 2013


EWEB/Eugene-Springfield MWMCDR Pilot (TI 266)

This Demand Response pilot is an opportunity to explore how a plant-widesystem approach and alternate optional strategies, combined with new highefficiency aeration blowers, can provide a load shifting resource that can helpshape the electric system load.



Core Project Team Members Will Price – EWEB Kari Nordquist – BPA Robert Sprick – Eugene-Springfield Metropolitan Wastewater Management Commission Greg Watkins – Eugene-Springfield Metropolitan Wastewater Management Commission

Key Accomplishments Installed, commissioned and fully implemented new aeration blowers at the plant May 2013 Developed testing / DR strategy with BPA, EWEB and the plant Worked with the plant to better understand their operations and how DR can best be

achieved with as little impact to the plant as possible Created detailed test plan for summer events 2013 (July – October) and successfully

executed planned events Captured plant baseline data as well as data from each of the tests performed (both 5 min

and 1 sec interval data was obtained)

Tony Koch – BPA Melanie Smith – BPA



Next Steps Analyze interval data from summer events/tests performed

Develop a detailed test plan for remaining tests, execute demand responseevents Nov – Dec 2013 and analyze results

Final Report prepared Feb 2014

Work with the plant and EWEB to determine the best approach for proceeding(or not) with demand response at this facility


K.R. (Ammi) AmarnathSenior Program ManagerEnergy Efficiency & Demand ResponsePower Delivery and [email protected]

Sudeshna PabiSenior Project EngineerEnergy Efficiency & Demand ResponsePower Delivery and [email protected]

Dawn Lesley, PEWater/Wastewater Sector SpecialistEnergy Smart [email protected]

Tony Koch, PEMechanical EngineerBPA [email protected]

Questions?

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Next Webinars

41

Two webinars on top-ranked emerging technologies fordata centers & information technology (IT)

Wednesday, November 20, 2013 at noon PSTTuesday, November 26, 2013 at noon PST

IT Emerging TechnologiesRegister at www.e3tnw.org/webinars

More information about emerging technologies:E3T database: www.e3tnw.orgE3T Program: www.bpa.gov/energy/n/emerging_technology/Conduit: www.ConduitNW.org

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