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UGC ACADEMIC STAFF COLLEGEOsmania UniversityHyderabadRefresher Course on Environmental Studies02.03.2015-25.03.2015Seminar PresentationOnImpact of E-Waste on Environment and Health(17.03.2015}Presented ByB.Rajeswara ReddyLecturer in PhysicsD.K.Govt.Degree & P.G.CollegeNellore (Dist.)

Contents/AgendaIntroductionMagnitude of the ProblemImpacts of e-WastePolicies & Conventions Management of e-WasteConclusionINTRODUCTIONE-waste or WEEE are Loosely discarded, surplus, obsolete or Broken electrical and electronic devices.

-This include used electronics which are destined for Reuse, Resale, Salvage, Recycling or disposal.Informal Processing of E-waste poses a serious threat of Health and Environmental Pollution- esp. in developing Countries.

BURDEN OF E-WASTE50 million tons/ year: EPA states that only 20% is recycled among them and rest goes to landfills and incinerators. USA is the world leader in producing E-waste(10 m tons), with China behind (8 m tons).

Guiyu in China is the biggest E waste dump (E waste capital of the world) : With 15,000 e waste workers. Developed Nations ship their E waste to developing Nations because of our poor regulations over waste disposal.

1,46,000 tonnes in 2005 8,00,000 tonnes in 2012.In India:The amount of E waste being produced could rise as much As 500% over next decade in India alone.

Why E-Waste is Growing? Rapid changes in Technology.

Falling Prices (Competitive Tech).

Irresponsible Company Manufacturing.

Lack of Proper Knowledge on its risks and disposal.

Repairs cost more than new products. ( Not Upgrading)

Planned Product Obsolescence.

4%76%20% Epoxy Resins, Fibreglass, tin,PCBS, PVC, lead, Cu, silicon, Carbon, Fe & Al. Cadmium, Hg & Thallium.Americium, Sb, Arsenic,barium, BoE-WASTE SUBSTANCES.Americium, Mercury, Sulphur, Cadmium, Lead, BerO2, PFOA.HazardousIMPACTS OF E-WASTEEnvironment1. Contamination of Ground Water: One Mobile Battery pollutes 600 m3 ground water.CadmiumMercuryPCBsLead This ultimately destroys Aquatic Ecosystem.2. Air Pollution Incineration of these waste releases Toxic Gases Toxic dioxins & Furans (Comes from burning plastic cables and PVC materials.)3. Soil Pollution Acids and sludge pollute soil (Melting Computer Chips)

Impacts on Our Health

Neurological damage

Pneumonitis

Erethism& Minimata disease

Liver Failure

Cadmium Blues

Renal Failure

Neurological damage

Reproductive System

GI tract

CardioVascular System

Pulmonary & SystemicGranulomatosisCarcinogenic

Liver FailureRenal FailureCarcinogenic,DNA damage.Haemolysis

Carcinogenic.Neurological& Endocrine disorders PFOA & BFRsLiver FailureRenal Failure

Necrotic Cell Death

Radioactive MANAGEMENT of E WASTE

POLICIES & CONVENTIONSThe globally growing E waste problem was addressed in 1980, and the tightened environmental regulations lead to Toxic Traders. They used to ship E waste to developing Countries (Cheap labour, No regard for environment and lack of standards.)So, a new BASEL CONVENTION came forward (Geneva) that facilitates the implementation of the regulations.

BASEL CONVENTIONControl & reduction of Transboundary movements of hazardous wastes- including prevention & minimization of their generation and the environmentally soundmanagement of such wastes & active promotion of the use of technology. It also provides assistance & guidelines on legal and technical issues, gathers statistical data & conducts training on proper management of toxic waste.

EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILTY An European legislation that will require manufacturers to take back their electrical products when the consumer discards them.

E WASTE MINIMIZATION1. Inventory Management: The raw materials used in manufacturing must be optimized.

New methods to manufacture with less material should be appreciated.2. Volume Reduction: By removing Hazardous portion from Non-Hazardous.3. Recovery & Reuse: By strictly following EPR.RESPONSIBILTIES & ROLESResponsibility of Government`

Should setup regulatory agencies in each district.Strict legislations should be enforced.Encourage research in E waste management.

Responsibility of Industries

E Waste handlers should be properly qualified.Adopt waste Minimization Techniques.Undertake the disposal of their own products safely.

Role of Citizens

Customers should opt for upgrading rather than Buying a new one.Never dispose it with garbage or other household waste.E WASTE DISPOSALLand FillingReusingIncinerationM1M2M4M3RecyclingRECYCLINGAssembling, developing, promoting or buying Of new products which are prepared from waste products.DismantlingDevelop new equipmentsRetrieve Valuable materialsSeparating Hazardous materials

LAND FILLING Dumping or Burial of E-Waste.

Widely Used method of disposal.

Not a Safe method/ Approved.

Significant impacts from landfilling could be avoided by conditioning hazardous materials from e-waste separately and by landfilling only those fractions which cannot berecycled and ensure that they are in state-of-the-art landfills that respect environmentally sound technical standards.

INCINERATIONIncineration is the Process of destroying waste throughburning.

Open Burning is more harmful than controlled Incineration

Burning copper along with BFRs releases Dioxins, likePBDD & PBDFs (Highly toxic).

When PVC cables are burnt, hydrogen chloride is released (HCl corrodes lung tissue)

In Open Burning, lack of oxygen results in CO poisoning.

Since Controlled Incineration could decrease volume of Disposal, it is the next best method of Waste management.

REUSINGDirect Reusing the equipment after slight modification.

REDUCEREUSERECYCLECONCLUSION This Potential Threat of E-waste must be attended quickly, before it escalates to an unpreventable peril. Overcoming our limitations such as- Political, Financial and Social factors play a major role in its prevention. Because management of E waste is costly, it is essential to educate and promote research in this matter.

e-rase your e-waste

This is Our Only Home.REFERENCES

1. Suryakantha AH, Textbook of Community Medicine, Chp 14, P 107-110.

2. Maxcy Rosnea-Last, Public Health & Preventive Medicine, 15th edition, Chp 49, P 901-907.3. Monika, Kishore J. E-waste management: As a challenge to public health in India. Indian J Community Med 2010;35:382-5

4. www.wikipedia.org/electronic_waste

5. http://ewasteguide.info/processes

THANK YOUA Green