India is one of the ten most forest-rich countries of the worldalong with the Brazil, Canada, United States of America,

China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Australia, Indonesiaand Sudan. Together, India and these countries account for 67percent of total forest area of the world. Forests contribute a lotto the ecology and economy of the nations and play a majorrole in improvement of quality of life of the people. Due to theimpact of biotic pressure on our forests, many forest areasspread across the country has been depleted and degradedwhich is a cause of serious concern. There is, therefore, anurgent need for improvement of forests in the country and thatcan done by 'Tree Improvement' professionals.

Tree Improvement is the science of development and careof forest. It is all about management of forests by protecting,conserving and upgrading forest resources which also includefarming of trees used as timber. This stream of scienceassesses, characterizes and utilizes the genetic diversity of for-est tree species and carries out tree improvement of majorplantation species through breeding, and appropriate silvicul-ture packages. The main objective of this branch of science isto increase the productivity of our forests and plantations tomeet the requirements of the forest fringe communities and for-est based industries. Besides this, it also helps in restoring theecology of degraded areas to expand the forest and tree coverand improve the environmental quality.

Tree improvement relies basically on understanding varia-tion that naturally occurs in tree populations. It increases thevalue of a tree species by 1) selecting the most desirable treesfrom natural stands or plantations, 2) breeding or mating theseselect trees and 3) testing the resulting progeny. The treesinvolved in this process are referred to as the breeding popula-tion. This three-step process is then continuously repeated tofurther improve the average value of the breeding population.

Postgraduate and Doctoral programmes in TreeImprovement & Genetic Resources are available at the

CAREER IN TREE IMPROVEMENTAND GENETIC RESOURCES

VOL. XL NO. 25 PAGES 32 NEW DELHI 19 - 25 SEPTEMBER 2015 ` 8.00

STRESS MANAGEMENT FOR YOUTH Dr. Jitendra Nagpal

S tress is a non-specific response of the body to ademand. Researchers define stress as physical,

mental or emotional response to events that cause bod-ily or mental tension. Stress arises when individuals per-ceive that they can adequately cope with the demandsbeing made on them or with threats made to their wellbeing. For instance, for a teacher, stress is "the experi-ence by teacher of unpleasant, negative emotions, suchas anger, anxiety, tension, frustration or depression,resulting from some aspect of their work as a teacher". Itis important to understand that while stress is necessaryand positive, it can also be negative and harmful.Whether positive or negative, physical or mental, thebody's reaction to stress can be described by threestages:Alarm Reaction Stage - The body identifies and firstreacts to the stress. In this stage the body first releaseshormones that help in the defence against the stressor. Resistance Stage - The body continues to resist thestressors as they persist. If the stressors continue andthere is a consistent state of resistance, there is poten-tial to move into the third and final stage.Exhaustion Stage - The body and mind are nolonger able to make the necessary adjustments to resistthe stressors and there is physical and/or mentalexhaustion.

The focus of the article is on negative physical andmental stress and specifically reviewing the persistentstressors that push a person into the third stage and ulti-mately to exhaustion.Why Stress in Youth? Sources of Stress

We can experience stress from four basic sourceslike, environment, family-related stressors, WorkplaceStressors, physiological reasons. Our thoughts also playa role in causing stress. The environment can bombardus with intense and competing demands to adjust.

Examples of Environmental Stressors include weath-er, noise, crowding, pollution, traffic, unsafe and sub-standard housing, and crime. Family-related stressorsinclude, family separations (due to work relocations orother reasons), relationship conflict, disagreements,demands for your time and attention, loss of a loved one,Illness or death of a family member, parenting or childcare challenges.

Workplace Stressors are conflict among co-work-ers, unexpected/ unwanted transfer of work location,

lack of mobility/transport for high risk patients at thehealth facility, poor communication with co-workers, lackof support from supervisor, no forum to express workconcerns and issues and lack of resources to supportthe provision of care. Physiological stressors are situations and circum-stances that affect our body. Examples of physiologicalstressors include rapid growth of adolescence,menopause, illness, aging, giving birth, accidents, lackof exercise, poor nutrition, and sleep disturbances.Thoughts: Our brain interprets and perceives situationsas stressful, difficult, painful, or pleasant. Some situa-tions in life are stress provoking, but it is our thoughtsthat determine whether they are a problem for us or not.Causes of Stress

Stress is a psychological and physiological responseto events that upset our personal balance. The potentialcauses of stress are numerous. These may be linked tooutside factors such as the state of the world, environ-ment in which one lives or works or the family. It maycome from one's own irresponsible behaviour, negativeattitude or feeling or unrealistic expectation. The causesof stress are highly individualistic. A range of physical toemotional factors cause stress. These include threat,fear, uncertainty, life causes, frustrations, conflicts, pres-sures, environment, fatigue and overwork.

A perceived threat will lead a person to feel stressed.This can include physical threats, social threats, and finan-cial threats. A threat may lead to stress. Threat can alsolead to fear which again leads to stress. When there is agap between what one does and what one thinks, there iscognitive dissonance and one feel stressed. There aremany causes of stress in life like fear of death, ill healthbeing victim of a crime, self abuse, family change, sexualproblems, argument, physical changes, moving to new

Continued on page 31

Continued on page 32

Afaq Majid Wani And Satyendra Nath

E-version of Collected Works ofMahatma Gandhi Launched

U nion Minister for Finance, Corporate Affairs &Information and Broadcasting Mr. Arun Jaitley

launched the e-version of "The Collected Works ofMahatma Gandhi" (CWMG) at Gandhi PeaceFoundation in New Delhi on 8th September 2015.CWMG is a monumental document of Gandhiji'swords as he spoke and wrote, day after day begin-ning 1884 till 30th January 1948. He also uplinkedthe e-version on the Gandhi Heritage Portal, a com-prehensive repository of authentic Gandhiana. Theportal hosts e-CWMG in a searchable PDF format toensure easy and free accessibility of the CWMG forpeople across the world. On the occasion, Mr. Jaitleyalso announced that the Hindi version of the monu-mental work (Sampoorna Gandhi Vangmaya) wouldbe digitized soon. Minister of State for I & B, Col.Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore (Retd.), SecretaryMinistry of I & B, Mr Sunil Arora and members of theexpert committee were also present at the function.

Speaking on the occasion, Mr. Jaitley said theintrinsic and heritage value of the e-CWMG Projecthad the collaboration and partnership of institutionsthat have been founded and nurtured by Gandhijihimself. Mr. Jaitley said that this digitized version ofthe Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi would beinstrumental in preserving the valuable national her-itage and disseminating it for all humankind.

Mr. Jaitley also mentioned that the Mahatma wasa true visionary, whose thought process had touchedvarious facets of human life. His understanding of awide range of issues had enabled the creation of amoral environment which in the long run forced theBritish to leave India. His writings had been inspira-tional in weaving humanity together. The documen-tation of his work through an e-version was trulyinspirational for followers on the e-platform. At the

same time it was a truly collectors' item available toall followers of Gandhiji's philosophy.

Speaking earlier, Secretary I & B, Mr. Sunil Arorasaid that in order to preserve the invaluable heritageof Gandhiji and make it available to future genera-tions for all times to come, Publications Division hadtaken up the task of preparing the e-version of the100 volumes of CWMG in 2011. Mr. Arora furthersaid that in order to maintain the authenticity of thisimportant work, it was decided to have a facsimile-based version in electronic form for preservation. Itwas also decided to make it into a searchablemaster copy in PDF format so that people could ben-efit from Gandhiji's life and thought in a simple andeasy manner.

In this series, his writings, scattered all overthe world, have been collected and constructed

I & B Minister Mr. Arun Jaitley with the Minister of Statefor I & B, Col. Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore (Retd.), at therelease function of e-version of Collected Works ofMahatma Gandhi in New Delhi.

Continued on page 32

32 www.employmentnews.gov.in Employment News 19 - 25 September 2015

DELHI POSTAL REGD. NO. DL-SW-1/4101/2015-17U(C)-108/2015-17 Licensed to Post without prepayment RNI 28728/76 N.D.P.S.O. New Delhi 18/19.9.2015 Date of Publishing : 14.9.2015 (` 8.00)

Air Surcharge 20p for Srinagar, Leh, Kalimpong, Imphal, Dimapur, Agartala, Duliajan, Karimganj, Chabua, Diphu, Dibrugarh, Tezpur, Haillakandi, Mariani, Jorhat, Shillong, Digboi, Silchar, Port Blair

Printed & Published by Dr. Sadhana Rout, Additional Director General, on behalf of Publications Division, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Govt. of India, New Delhi and Printed at Amar Ujala Publication Ltd., C-21 & 22,Sector-59, Noida-201301. Published from Employment News (Ministry of I. & B.) East Block-IV, Level-5, R.K. Puram, New Delhi-110066. Editor - Hasan Zia

following Universities 1. Dr. Bala Sahib Sawant Konkan

Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri,Maharashtra

2. Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, P O Krishinagar, Akola,Maharastra

3. Dr. Yashwant Singh ParmarUniversity of Horticulture andForestry Nauni, Solan, HimachalPradesh

4. Kerala Agricultural University,Vellanikkara, Trichur, Kerala

5. Navsari Agricultural University, DandiRd Navsari, Gujrat

6. Orissa University of Agriculture &Technology, Bhubaneswar, Khurda

7. University of Agricultural Sciences,Krishinagar, Dharwad, Karnataka

8. Uttarakhand University ofHorticulture and Forestry BharsarDistrict -Pauri Garhwal Uttarakhand

(List is indicative only)EMPLOYMENT AND CAREER OPPOR-TUNITIES

Different areas where TreeImprovement & Genetics Resourcesand Tree Breeding Professionals arebeing placed are summarized below In State Forest Services (SFS) and insoil conservation department theseProfessionals are engaged asForest Produce Inspectors andAssistant Soil conservation Officer.In Jammu, they are recruited asAssistant Director of ForestProtectionThey can also be absorbed by theIndian Forest Services (IFS)Those with master's degree in TreeImprovement along with NET qualifi-cation in Forestry can opt for aca-demics and can take up UniversityTeaching, research and extensionwork as Assistant Professors,Lecturers, Junior Research Officersand Research Officers. In KrishiVigyan Kendras students having twoyears experience can apply for thepost of Subject Matter Specialist.The master's degree holder in TreeImprovement can also become sci-entists by qualifying the AgriculturalResearch Services (ARS) examina-

tion conducted every year byAgricultural Scientist RecruitmentBoard (ASRB) of ICAR, Pusa, NewDelhi. They can also pursue teachingand research in the institute/Universities abroad. Besides thisthey can be absorbed in IndianCouncil of Forestry Research andEducation (ICFRE) and its affiliatedForestry research institutes, WildlifeInstitute of India, Forest Survey ofIndia, Zoological Parks, RemoteSensing and GIS for forestimprovement works. The can also get JuniorResearch Fellowship,Senior ResearchFellowship, ResearchAssociateship andPost DoctoralFellowship under theprojects running in theInstitutes/Universities In the banking sector, they canbe appointed as Agriculture Officerand Extension Officer in banks likeNABARD, Syndicate bank, PunjabNational Bank, State Bank of India,Oriental Bank of Commerce, DenaBank, Union Bank, Bank of Barouda,IDBI etc. These professional can run their ownNGO by taking some projects with

the funding from Indian or foreignagencies.Employment opportunities are alsoavailable in the field of Plant Nursery,Furniture industry, Forest basedIndustries like Wood Industries, Pulpand Paper Industries, Katha MakingIndustry, Saw Mills, Wood SeasoningPlants, Wood PreservationTreatment Plants, Resin &Turpentine Industry and Paper Mills.

International agencies likeInternational Union for the

Conservation of Nature andNatural Resources (IUCN),World Wide Fund for Nature(WWF), World Bank etcalso requires such profes-sionals in forestry and envi-ronmental sector.

Other career optionsavailable are still photogra-

phy, film making and wildlifejournalism. There may also get

opportunities in private televisionchannels.

ADMISSION PROCEDURE Master's program: Graduates inForestry, Agroforestry, Horticulture,Agriculture or Plant sciences who havecompleted four years degree program inany one of the State AgriculturalUniversities / Colleges affiliated to State

Agricultural Universities alone are eligibleto apply for masters in Tree Improvement& Genetic Resources and Tree Breeding.The procedure of selection in Master'sdegree is either through qualifying theentrance exam or on merit basis. IndianCouncil of Agricultural Research con-ducts all India entrance test for the awardof Juinor Research Fellowship & admis-sion to the limited seat of master's degreeprogramme in different State AgriculturalUniversities (SAUs)/ colleges affiliated toSAUs.Doctoral program: For Ph. D. in TreeImprovement & Genetic Resources andTree Breeding the candidates with M. Sc.in Tree Improvement & GeneticResources/ Tree Breeding/ Forestry/Agroforestry/ Forest Products/WoodScience & Technology Horticulture/Agriculture /AIFC diploma. One can getadmission in the SAUs/ college affiliatedto SAUs or on the basis of qualifyingentrance examination followed by inter-view or directly on the merit basis.

(Dr. Afaq Majid Wani is Associate Professor &Dr. Satyendra Nath is Assistant Professor atSchool of Forestry & Environment, SHIATS(Formerly Allahabad Agriculture Institute)U.P. Allahabad.211 007 email: afaqtree@gmail.com

CAREER IN TREE...Continued from page 1

ethically and with stringent academic discipline and loyalty. Ittook about 38 years in the making (1956-1994). They are aseries of one hundred volumes, running into over 55,000pages, intricately connected across the series, as an integrat-ed whole. The CWMG-original-KS-edition volumes were pub-lished in the years 1956 to 1994. The Electronic Master Copy(Volumes 1 to 100) recently prepared is in the form of asearchable PDF beta version, matched with the original-KS-edition fully verified with the original source-documents. Itretains the original architecture - volume structure, font struc-ture, line structure, page structure - including its visual look -fully and loyally.

The task of preparing the Electronic Master Copy of theCWMG-original-KS-edition has been accomplished by theGujarat Vidyapith, Ahmedabad, India on behalf of DPD.Execution of the task involved an intensely focused, organic,and stringently supervised effort over a period of four years. ACommittee of three experts constituted for the purpose ofsupervising this work consists of Prof. Sudarshan Iyengar, for-mer VC, Gujarat Vidyapith, Prof. Tridip Suhrud, Director,Sabarmati Ashram Preservation & Memorial Trust, Ms. DinabenPatel - a renowned Gandhian Scholar.

The Gandhi Heritage Portal at the Sabarmati AshramPreservation and Memorial Trust, Ahmedabad will also hostthe electronic Master Copy - searchable PDF beta version.The original manually prepared indexes - appearing at the endof each volume, and in the two volumes, of Subjects and ofPersons - give varied, numerous and logical profiles ofGandhiji's life and thought, action and engagements. Also, thePrefaces, as written for respective volumes when published,take us on an epic journey through his life and the nation in themaking. Together, these navigators guide us far and wide andinto the depths where computer technology may not lead us.

E-VERSION OF COLLECTED...Continued from page 1

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