e. changes in the ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
E. Changes in the Ecosystem
1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________ - in the change __________________ and new organisms ____________ - sometimes slow, sometimes quick
a) ___________________ 1) occurs on surfaces _________ ex: after volcanic eruption or exposed bed rock 2) ________________ – the first species to populate the area
example: _____________
![Page 2: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
b) _____________________ changes the ________________ happens after fires / farming 1) _________________ – dominant community, the last community in the succession - As the community lives instead of changing the environment and ______________________________ _________ (keeps it the same) - dominant ________________ - Climax community depends upon the ____________ - On Long Island what are the species in the climax community?
_______________________
![Page 3: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
In each step the ecological community is changing ____________________________________________________________________________________________
![Page 4: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
_________ _________________ they die and the organic matter builds up ________________ and as they die make more organic matter, break up some rock _______________________ move in eventually _________________.
![Page 5: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Succession in a pond:- Increase amount of _________________ of the pond- Pond becomes __________ and more _________________- more vegetation = more sediments- pond eventually ____ ____
![Page 6: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
2. Homeostasis in Ecosystems
a) __________________ __________________________ an ecosystem can handle
![Page 8: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
b) __________________ - determine carrying capacity - any abiotic or biotic that _______________ in populations - _________________________: ______, light, _____, carbon dioxide, temperature, nutritional relationships, growth factors, amount of _____, minerals, pH, competition - _____________________ on Population
![Page 9: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
F. _______________ - a particular physical environment that contains ___________________________________ = similar climax communities - generally biomes are determined by ______________ and ______________
![Page 11: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1. _________________ - Precipitation ________________ - Temperature _______________ - vast amounts of ___________ surprisingly infertile soil
![Page 12: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
2. ___________________________ - Precipitation _______________ - Temperature _______________ - ________ with a few scattered trees - ____________ season – fires in the dry season
![Page 14: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
3. _______________________ - lots of grass! _______________ - Temperature _______________ - Precipitation _______________ - fires are an important abiotic factor
![Page 16: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
4. ___________ - Precipitation is less than __________ - Temperature ________________ wide range - ____________ flora and fauna
![Page 18: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
5. ____________________ - ___________ Spring, Summer, Winter, Fall - Temperature _________________ - Precipitation _________________ - _________ supports many different forms of vegetation large board leafed _________ trees – _________________, _____
![Page 20: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
6. ________ - Northern Canada, Alaska, Russia (Siberia) - Temperature ______________ – relatively cold - Lots of precipitation _______________ Taiga means swampy forest in russian - massive amount of ___________________
migratory bird species
= _________________________________
![Page 22: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
7. _______________ - ___________ and ____________ - average cold temperature ______________ - high winds - not much precipitation _______________ - Treeless topsoil very thin – only grasses and small shrubs can take root - _______________ – permanently frozen layer of subsoil - Short Summer with long days – very short winter days
![Page 24: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
8. Aquatic a) _____________ temperature ranges with depth __________ vegetation from the shore to the bottom of the lake
![Page 26: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
b) ____________ _____________________________________ traps materials and nutrients – _________________ salinity ranges, tidal ranges
![Page 27: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
c) Marine ______________________ – availability of sunlight
![Page 28: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
G. __________________ 1. ___________________ - _______________________________________, better medicine, better agriculture allow more people to survive - over use resources – “_____________________” – that any resource open to everyone will ___________________ because _______________________, but ___________________________ the resource.
![Page 29: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
example: deer population in Arizona1) 1906 – stable deer population of 4,000 & bounty placed on deer predators2) 1906 – 1923 – deer population swells – over 100,000 deer & 6,000 predators killed3) 1924 – 1925 – huge crash in deer population due to starvation, malnutrition, and disease4) 1926 – fewer than 4,000 deer & extensive damage to the flora.
![Page 30: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Where is the human population heading?
![Page 31: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
2. Overuse of Resource - _____________________ – resources that can regenerate ex: wood, water - ____________________ – once they are used up they are gone for millions of years ex: fossil fuels, oil, natural gas - sustainable use – using resources in such a way as not to deplete them – don’t cause long term ecological damage
![Page 32: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
3. ________________________: - loss of fertile soil _____________ - _____________________ - ________ – wearing away of soil - dry climates, over grazing - damming rivers – _________________________________ - pollution – pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides, landfills, garbage - _______________________________________________
![Page 33: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
4. Food Shortages: starvation and malnutrition
![Page 34: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
5. _________________: - _______________, heavy metals, PCBs - runoff – _______________ and cutting down forests - _____________ – excess ________ runoff into the water – increases _____________ – when ________ – reduces _______________ in water
![Page 35: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
- _______________ – _____________ that enter the food chain _________________________________, becomes _____________, as it goes up the food chain
![Page 36: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
6. ________________: - _______, automobile & factory emissions, nitrates, sulfates - cause __________________________, chemical reactions
![Page 37: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
7. Habitat Destruction / Habitat fragmentation - lack space to live, cannot migrate – __________________
![Page 38: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
8. Over hunting & fishing - depletes the species extinction - bison, dodo, C.parakeet
![Page 39: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
9. _________________________ - importation of a non native species that then reproduces rapidly __________________________ ex: zebra mussel, purple loosestrife
![Page 40: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
10. Fossil Fuels - rapidly depleted, cause pollution, “Green House Effect”
![Page 41: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
11. Nuclear Power - waste disposal problems, obtaining fuel
![Page 42: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
12. Green House Effect - increase of certain gasses, CO2, methane, - H20, cause the atmosphere to hold on to extra heat.
![Page 43: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
13. Acid Rain - many combustion processes release acidic gases containing _____________________________ into the atmosphere. When they combine with water they form nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
![Page 44: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
14. Ozone Depletion - atmospheric layer that helps to block some harmful ______ and __________________. Use of certain chemicals causes, CFCs, its destruction
![Page 45: E. Changes in the Ecosystem 1. _____________________________ - ecosystems and communities are constantly changing - caused by ________ and ______________________](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649e675503460f94b624b6/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
15. Positive Impacts a) Habitat and Species ____________ – legislation, parks b) Reduce Pollution / __________ c) Population Control d) Conservation of Resources e) __________________ f) __________________ g) better farming practices h) _____________ and AWARENESS