Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Notecards

During an earthquake, it’s where rocks break and move beneath Earth’s surface.

Focus

Slowest moving waves.

Surface waves

The opening that lava erupts.

Vent

Volcano that has erupted but now inactive.

Dormant

What color (shade) is thin and runny lava.

Dark-colored lava

Volcanic eruption rock particles that are 0.25mm to 5mm wide.

Volcanic Ash

Volcano that is made up of alternating layers of rock and lava.

Composite volcanoes

Flows out of volcanoes onto the Earth’s surface.

Lava

Seismic wave that travels through liquids, gases, and solids.

Primary waves

Earthquakes are caused by rocks _______.

Faulting

Only about 20 ________ a year cause severe changes in the Earth’s surface.

Earthquakes

_______ ____ ____ ________Causes buildings, trees, and telephone polls to sway or fall.

Motion of the ground

Tsunamis waves can reach heights greater than _________.

20 meters

The point directly above the focus of an earthquake.

Epicenter

Instrument that detects an earthquake.

Seismograph

The land near a fault may ______ or _______ before an earthquake.

Rise

Sink

Volcanoes that are composed of quiet lava flows.

Shield volcanoes

Roughly circular, top of a volcanic cone whose diameter is at least three times its depth.

Caldera

A volcano that is continually or periodically erupting is called_______

Active

The Ring of Fire zone extends around the edge of what body of water.

Pacific ocean

Funnel shaped, top of volcanic cone whose diameter is less than three times its depth.

Crater

The zone that includes Asia, India, Italy.

Mediterranean zone

Molten rock beneath the Earth’s crust is called______________.

Magma

The Richter scale was created by?

Charles Richter

Causes nearby rocks to move until all of the energy is used.

Fault