0

PADMASHREE DR. D. Y. PATIL UNIVERSITY

(Estd. u/s 3 of the UGC Act 1956, GOI vide notification No. F.9.21/2000.U.3 dt. 20-06-2002)

D. Y. Patil Vidyanagar, Nerul, Navi Mumbai – 400 706.

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.TECH) BIOTECHNOLOGY

SYLLABUS

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS

Plot No. 50, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai – 400 614.

17

B. Tech (Biotechnology)

Sem I Sem II Sem III Sem IV Sem V Sem VI Sem VII Sem VIII

Paper

I

Cell

Biology

Concept of

Biotechnology

Microbiology Intermediary

Metabolism -

I

Molecular

Cell

Signalling

Neurobiology

and Behavioral

Sciences

Principles of

Drug Action,

Modelling &

Design

Paper

II

Biomathematics Genetics &

Evolution

Molecules of

life

Enzymology

& Enzyme

Technology

Intermediary

Metabolism II

Environmental

Technology

Biotechnology

Management

Paper

III

Engineering

Mechanics

Engineering

Drawing

Biological &

Biochemical

Techniques

Molecular

Biology of

Prokaryotes

Commercial

Aspects of

Biotechnology

Bioprocess

Technology

Down stream

Processing

Paper

IV

Ecology &

Biodiversity

Developmental

Biology

Mammalian

Anatomy

Molecular

Biology of

Eukaryotes

Plant

Biotechnology

Animal

Biotechnology

IPR , Biosafety,

Bioethics &

Enterpreunership

Paper

V

Applied

Physics

Electronics

Engineering

Mammalian

physiology

Advanced

analytical

techniques

Genetic

Engineering- I

(Principles)

Applied

Genetic

Engineering-

II

(Application)

Functional

Genomics / High

throughput

Research Tools

Paper

VI

Applied

chemistry

Biostatistics

Biophysics Immunology

& Virology

Bioinformatics

I

(Principles)

Bioinformatics

II

(Application)

Research

Methodology

& Scientific

writing

PROJECT

6 Months

18

B.Tech. (Biotechnology)

BBT - 101 CELL BIOLOGY 40hrs

UNIT 1: Introduction, History and general concepts - 02

Levels of Organization, Limits & Dimensions,History

UNIT 2: General Structure of Cells 04

Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic , Plant, Animal

UNIT 3: Ultra structure of Cell membrane and Cell wall 04

Chemical Composition, Models, Functions

UNIT 4: Ultra structure of Cytoplasm and Cytoplasmic organelles 18

Cytosol, Golgi bodies, Endoplasmic retch, Mitochondria, Ribosomes,

Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Nucleus, Cytoskeleton, Cilia, Flagella, Chloroplast

UNIT 5: Cell division 06

Mitosis, Meiosis

UNIT 6: Apoptosis 03

R e c o m m e n d e d B o o k s : -

1. Cell and Molecular biology, Gerald Karp, John Wiley and sons Inc

2. Cell Biology by C.B. Powar.

3. Cell and Molecular Biology; DeRobertis; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 8th

Edition (2001)

4. Molecular Biology of the Cell and the Hypercell with CDROM; Alberts, Bray;

Garland Publishing 1st Edition (1999)

19

5. Molecular Biology of the Cell with CDROM Alberts, Bruce; Johnson,

Alexander; Lewis, Julian 4th Edition (2005).

6. Molecular Cell Biology , H. Lodish, A. Berk, S. L. Zipursky, W. H. Preeman and

Company.

20

BBT – 102 BIOMATHEMATICS 40hrs

UNIT 1: Set, Functions and Limit 05

Definition, Types of Set: Null Set, Universal Set. Operations on Set: Union,

Intersection, Complementation, Relative Difference, De-Morgan’s Law.

Problems of each. Functions – definitions: Types of Functions.Limit of Simple

Algebraic Function

UNIT 2 Derivative and Integration 10

Derivatives of :Simple Function,Logarithmic Function, Trigonometric Functions,

(u +v , u-v, uxv, and u/v).Integration of :Simple Function, Logarithmic Function,

Trigonometric Functions, (u +v , u-v, uxv, and u/v)

UNIT 3 :Theory of Probability 10

Definitions of various terms, Mathematical or Classical Probability, Statistical or

Empirical Probability, Axiomatic Probability. Problems ; Mathematical Notions

of Probability,General Addition Law of Probabilities,General Multiplication Law

of Probabilities, Conditional Probability, Theorem of Total Probability with proof,

Bayes Theorem with proof. Proble

UNIT 4:Random Variable and Probability Distribution 10

Frequency Distribution: Discrete Distribution, Continuous Distribution.

Conversion from discrete to continuous. Random Variable, Probability Mass

Function, Probability Density Function.Problems.Definition, Situations and

Problems of: Binomial Distribution, Poisson Distribution, Normal

Distribution.Recurrence Relations and Fitting of: Binomial Distribution, Poisson

Distribution, Normal Distribution, Expectation of R.V, ( expectation of a function

of a r.v. should be defined. For all the above distributions using these definitions

mean & variance should be obtained).Problems

UNIT 5: Curve Fitting 07

Curve Fitting: Discussion,Fitting of straight line, Fitting of second degree

parabola, Fitting of kth degree, Change of origin, Conversion of data to Linear

Form, Problems wherever required, Fitting of Power Curve, Fitting of

Exponential Curve

21

Recommended Books:

1. Fundamentals of mathematical Statistics.

2. Fundamentals of Applied l Statistics.

3. Statistical Method.

4. Probability and Random Process

22

BBT- 103 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 40hrs

UNIT 1: Basics 03

Introduction - Units and Dimensions - Laws of Mechanics - Vectors - Vectorial

representation of forces and moments - Vector operations.

UNIT 2: Statics of particles 06

Coplanar Forces - Resolution and Composition of forces - Equilibrium of a

particle - Forces in space - Equilibrium of a particle in space - Equivalent systems

of forces - Principle of transmissibility - single equivalent force.

UNIT 3: Equilibrium of rigid bodies 06

Free body diagram - Types of supports and their reactions - requirements of stable

equilibrium - Equilibrium of rigid bodies in two dimensions - Equilibrium of rigid

bodies in three dimensions.

UNIT 4: Properties of surfaces and solids 08

Determination of Areas and Volumes - First moment of area and the centroid -

second and product moments of plane area - Parallel axis theorems and

perpendicular axis theorems - Polar moment of inertia – Principal moments of

inertia of plane areas - Principal axes of inertia - Mass moment of inertia - relation

to area moments of inertia.

UNIT 5: Friction 03

Frictional Force - Laws of Coloumb friction - Simple Contact friction - Rolling

Resistance - Belt Friction.

UNIT 6: Dynamics of particles 08

Displacement, Velocity and acceleration their relationship - Relative motion -

Curvilinear motion - Newton's Law - Work Energy Equation of particles -

Impulse and Momentum - Impact of elastic bodies.

23

UNIT 7: Elements of rigid body dynamics 06

Translation and Rotation of Rigid Bodies - Velocity and acceleration - General

Plane motion - Moment of Momentum Equations - Rotation of rigid Body - Work

energy equation.

Recommended Books:

1. Beer and Johnson, " Vector Mechanics for Engineers ", Vol. 1 " Statics " and

Vol. 2 " Dynamics ", McGraw Hill International Edition, 1995.

2. Merriam, " Engineering Mechanics ", Vol.1 " Statics " and Vol.2 " Dynamics 2/e

",Wiley International, 1988.

3. Rajasekaran S. and Sankara Subramanian, G., " Engineering Mechanics - Statics

and Dynamics ".

4. Irving, H., Shames, " Engineering Mechanics - Statics and Dynamics ", Thrid

Edition, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., 1993.

5. Mokoshi, V.S., " Engineering Mechanics ", Vol.1 " Statics " and Vol.2 "

Dynamics ", Tata McGraw Hill Books, 1996.

6. Timoshenko and Young, " Engineering Mechanics ", 4/e, McGraw Hill, 1995.

7. McLean, " Engineering Mechancis ", 3/e, SCHAUM Series, 1995.

24

BBT-104 ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY 40hrs

UNIT 1:Introduction and the science of biology 10

Characteristics of living organisms, the biological hierarchy, organizing concepts

and common themes in biology, Size and time scales, Evolutionary biology,

Darwin and descent with modification- Natural selection, Macro-evolution, the

origin of species, The fossil record,. Phylogeny and systematic, tree of life

UNIT 2:The evolution of diversity 12

Prokaryotes - diversity and ecological impact, The origin of eukaryotic diversity –

Protists, algae and fungi with emphasis on their evolution and symbiosis, role of

fungi in colonization of land by plants, role of soil microbiota in plant protection

and ecosystem restoration, Predators-microbial food webs and their interactions

with metazoans, Plant evolution- adapting to life on land, Vascular plants with

and without flowers, Fungi - diversity and ecological impact, Animal evolution-

Phylogeny and diversity, Invertebrates- pathogenicity and drug resistance and

evolutionary significance, Vertebrates: Evolution and diversity, The scope of

ecology. Energy and nutrients flows. Ecological interactions and biocomplexity.

Communities and ecosystems

UNIT 3: Molecular ecology 10

Molecular markers in population and systematic biology, genetic identity at the

molecular level, paternity analysis, genetic structure of populations,

phylogeography, natural hybridization, conservation genetics

UNIT 4: Evolutionary ecology 8

Planning and conducting of experimental studies, data analysis, writing research

report and its, Evaluation: Population ecology, Community ecology, Ecosystem

ecology.

Recommended Books

1. Environmental Science- Towards a suistanable Future; Richard T. Wright, benard

J. Nebel; Prentice, Hall Indi, 9th

Edition (2004).

25

2. Ecology –Principles of Applications; J. L. Chapman, M. J. Reiss, Cambridge

Press University, 2nd

Edition (1999).

3. Ecology – Theories & Application; Peter Stiling; Prentice, Hall India, 4th Edition

(2001)

4. Biological Science; D. J. Taylor, n. P. P. Grcen, G. W. Stout; Cambridge Press

University, 3rd

Edition (2003).

5. Biology; Neil Campbell & Jane Reece; Benjamin Cummings, 7th Edition (2004).

6. A Textbook on Biotechnology; H. D. Kumar; Affiliated East – West press Private

Ltd, 2nd

Edition (2003).

7. “From DNA to Diversity”- Sean B. Carroll, Jennifer K. Grenier, Scott D. Weatherbee.

8. Animal diversity by Earl D. Hanson

9. Biodiversity - Kevin J. Gaston, John I. Spicer, Private Ltd, 2nd

Edition.

10. Origin of species by means of natural selection - Mark Ridley, Don E. Wilson

26

BBT - 105 APPLIED PHYSICS 40hrs

UNIT 1: Acoustics and ultrasonics 07

Classification of sound, Properties of sound, Factors affecting acoustics of

building, Ultrasonic production-Magnetostriction & Piezoelectric methods,

Detection of ultrasonic sound, Applications-SONAR, Velocity of blood flow,

movement of heart

UNIT 2: Oscillations and waves 06

Simple Harmonic motion, Damped and forced oscillations, LCR circuit,

Resonance, Superposition

UNIT 3: Wave Optics 06

Interference, Diffraction, Polarization

UNIT 4: Electrostatics 06

Vector field, Electric flux, Statements of Gauss’s divergence and Stokes theorem

UNIT 5: Laser and Fibre optics 07

Laser production-principle and examples, Light emitting diodes, Semiconductors,

Optical fibres, Applications

UNIT 6: Semiconducting materials 08

Origin of gap bands in solids, n-type and p-type semiconductors, Compound

Semiconductors, Light Emitting diodes, Superconductivity

Recommended Books:

1. Waves and Oscillations: A.P.French.

2. Physics of Waves:W.C.Elmore & M.A.Heald.

3. Introduction to Electrodynamics: D.J.Griffith

4. Electrodynamics:Gupta,Kumar & Singh

5. Optics by A.K.Ghatak

6. Engineering Physics by Satya Prakash.

27

BBT – 106 APPLIED CHEMISTRY 40hrs

UNIT 1: Atomic Structure 04

Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom, Schrodinger Wave equation for Hydrogen

Atom, Atomic orbitals and their energy, Structure of ofMultielectron atoms

UNIT 2: Chemical Bonding 06

Valence Bond Theory, Molecular Orbital Theory, Linear Combination of Atomic

orbitals, Comparative study of VB and MOT, Metallic Bond

UNIT 3: Chemical Kinetics 08

Average and instantaneous rate of a reaction, Integrated rate expressions of zero

and first order reactions and their derivations, Half life and time constants,

Determination of rate constant/ order of reaction (Graphical Method and Ostwald

Isolation method), Temperature dependence of rate constant- Arrhenius equation,

Mechanism of reaction- Elementary and complex reaction

Effect of solvents (aqueous and nonaqueous), pH, pressure, salts (osmatic) on

chemical reactions, Balance of chemical reactions and factors influencing reaction

equilibrium.

UNIT 4: Surface Chemistry 06

Adsorption-physical and chemical, Factors affecting adsorption-Pressure and

Temperature, Colloids-Definition, types and classification, Applications of

surface chemistry-, Enzyme Catalysis-surface reaction kinetics, Multimolecular,

macromolecular and associated colloids (micelles)

UNIT 5: Thermodynamics 06

Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, Gibb’s Free Energy, Standard entropies and

free energy of formation, Free energy change and chemical equilibrium

28

UNIT 6: Stereochemistry 07

Geometrical isomerism, conformation and configuration, Optical activity and

specific rotation, Chirality-chiral centre, Enantiomers, Racemisation,

Diastereomers, Importance of Stereochemistry

UNIT 7:Contemporary Chemistry 03

Chemistry and warfare, Chemistry and new materials

Recommended Books:

1.Textbook of Physical Chemistry:P.L.Soni, O.P.Dharmarha,U.N.Dash.Sultan Chand &

Sons,First Edition(2006).

2.Adventures in Chemistry:Julie T.Millard.Houghton Mifflin Company.First

Edition(2008).

3.Organic Chemistry:R.T.Morrison,R.N.Boyd.Pearson Education.Sixth Edition(2003)

4.Physical Chemistry:Peter Atkins,Julio De Paula.Eighth edition(2006)

29

Practical I:

1. Study of Microscope

2. Mitosis in an onion root tip.

3. Metaphase arrest and chromosome analysis

4. Meiosis in Tradenscantia pollen grains

5. Giemsa staining

6. Histochemical localization of DNA and RNA in onion peel.

7. Histochemical localization of mitochondria - Jannus Green stain.

8. Study of cell inclusion bodies and starch granules

9. Study of plasmodesmata

10. Study of Paramecia /Cyanobacteria cell with heterocyst

30

Practical II:

1. To determine the specific rotation of sugar by Biquartz or Laurent half shade

polarimeter

2. To determine the width of a narrow slit using diffraction.

3. To determine the wavelength of sodium light by Newton’s ring method.

4. To determine the value of ‘g’ using bar pendulum.

5. Determinaton of surface tension in Liquid

6. Application of surface tension in mixture analysis

7. Application of distribution law in the determination of equilibrium constant

8. Plant pigment separation by paper chromatography

9. Practicals of Engineering Mechanics

10. Practicals of Engineering Mechanics

31

BBT - 201 CONCEPTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 40hrs

UNIT 1: Introduction to biotechnology 03

Biotechnology as an interdisciplinary science, Historical developments

UNIT 2: Industrial biotechnology 08

Fermentation techniques (solid state, submerged), Generalized design of

Bioreactor (stirred tank), Downstream processing – an over view.

UNIT 3: Enzyme biotechnology 08

Enzymes - an Introduction, Immobilization of enzymes.(methods, effects,

advantages and disadvantages), Applications of enzymes. (Analytical uses,

industrial uses), Enzyme therapy, Biosensors- an over view, Biochips and

bioelectrical devices.

UNIT 4: Fuel and Material biotechnology 05

Biofuels – an introduction, Biogas production, Bioethanol production, Tanning of

leather, Biodeterioration and preservation of food and textiles.

UNIT 5: Products and services based on biotechnology 08

Beer production, Citric acid production, Micro propagation – an over view,

Protoplast fusion, Somatic cell fusion, Hybridoma technology, Polymerase chain

reaction and its applications, Vaccines.

UNIT 6: Environmental biotechnology 08

Biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds, Biosurfactants, Microbial enhanced oil

recovery, Soil remediation, Bio control agents.

Recommended Books:

1. Biotechnology – expanding horizons; B.D. Singh; Kalyani publishers; 2004.

2. Enzyme biotechnology; G.Tripath; A.B.D. publishers; 2003.

32

3. Enzymes- Biochemistry, biotechnology, clinical chemistry; Trevor Palmer;

Harwood publishing Ltd; 2004.

4. Environmental Biotechnology; M.H. Fulekar; Oxford and I.B.H publishing Co.

Pvt. Ltd.

5. An introduction to gene cloning; T.A.Brown; Oxford publications; third edition.

6. Advances in biotechnology; S.N.Jogdand; Himalaya publishing house.

33

BBT – 202 GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 40hrs

UNIT 1: History and Disciplines 01

A brief overview of the History of Genetics, An outline about the various

disciplines in Genetics.

UNIT 2: Classical Genetics 10

Mendelian Genetics: Mendel’s Law of inheritance, Chromosome theory of

hereditary, Linkage and crossing over, Allelic variation, Multiple alleles, Gene

interaction.---Nonmendelian inheritance: Maternal effects, cytoplasmic

inheritance. ---

-----------

UNIT 3: Population genetics 04

Allelic and genotypic frequencies, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, Changes in

allelic frequencies, Inbreeding and out breeding.--

---------------------------------------

UNIT 4: Mechanism of Sex determination 04

Factors influencing sex determination, Dosage compensation, Sex limited and Sex

influenced traits--------------------------

UNIT 5: Evolution 07

Theories of Origin of life, Classical experiments, Theories of Evolution,

Evidences for evolution, Molecular evolution, Evolution and speciation-------------

--------------------------------------

UNIT 6: Techniques 10

Karyotyping and Banding techniques, Physical and genetic mapping, Tetrad

analysis and somatic cell hybridization, Pedigree analysis and genetic counseling,

Population statistics.

-----------------------------------------------------

UNIT7: Genetics and social Issue 04

Human Genome Project,-Eugenics,-Sociobiology

34

Recommended books :

1. Gardner EJ, Simmons MJ, Snustard DP,(2004).Principles of Genetics.8th Ed,John

Wily & sons Inc

2. Jain H K, (2004), Genetics: Principles, Concepts & Implications. Oxford & IBH

Publishing Co.P.Ltd

2. Robert.R.H,(2002),Principles of Genetics,7th Ed.Tata McGraw Hill Publishing

Co.Ltd

4. Sambamurthy AVSS, (1999).Genetics.Narosa Publishing House

5. Winter P C, Hickey G I, Fletcher H L, (2003).Instant notes of Genetics, 2nd

Ed, Viva Books Pvt Ltd

6. Verma PS, Agarwal VK.(2007).Cell Biology,Genetics,Molecular

Bioloy,Evolution and Ecology.S.Chand

35

BBT-203 ENGINEERING DRAWING 45 hours

Unit 1: Principles Of Graphics 10hrs

Two dimensional geometrical construction - Conic sections, involutes and cycloids -

Representation of three

dimensional objects - Principles of projections - standard codes of principles.

Unit 2: Orthographic Projections 26hrs

Projections of points, straight line and planes - ' Auxiliary projections '- Projection and

sectioning of solids -

Intersection of surfaces - Development of surfaces.

Unit 3: Pictorial Projections 5hrs

Isometric projections - ' Perspectives '- Free hand sketching.

Unit 4: Computer Graphics 4hrs

Hardware - Display technology - Software - Introduction to drafting software.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Narayanan, K.L., and Kannaiah, P., " Engineering Graphics ", Tata McGraw-Hill

Publishers Co., Ltd., 1992.

REFERENCES:

1. William M. Neumann and Robert F.Sproul, " Principles of Computer Graphics

",McGraw Hill, 1989.

2. Warren J. Luzzadder and John M. Duff, " Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing

",Prentice-Hall of India Private Ltd., Eastern Economy Edition, 1995.

3. Natarajan K.V., " A Text Book of Engineering Drawing ", Private Publication,

Madras, 1990.

4. Mathur, M.L. and Vaishwanar, R.S., " Engineering Drawing and Graphics ", Jain

Brothers,New Delhi, 1993.

36

BBT-204: DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 40hrs

UNIT 1: Introduction to the Embryology: 05

Ontogenic development as the subject matter of embryology, Phases of

ontogenic development, Trends of embryology: Descriptive, Comparative,

Experimental, Analytical

UNIT 2: Frog Embryology 05

Cleavage, Blastula, Gastrula: Dorsal lip of blastopore, Organizer (Chemical

composition)

UNIT 3: Mammalian Embrology: 20

Differentiation of Sex, Mechanism of fertilization. Cleavage pattern: Peculiarities

of cell division in cleavages, Chemical changes during cleavage, Patterns of

cleavage, Morula and Blastula, Gastrulation. Implantation:- Types of

Implantation, Biochemical and Physical aspects of Implantation, Endocrine

Mechanism of Implantation, Relation between the embryo and the maternal body

in mammals. Placentation in Mammals:- Development of Placenta, Types of

Placenta, Physiology of placenta

UNIT 4:Experimental Embryology 10

Multiple Ovulation, IVF in human, Cryopreservation of Human sperms, ova and

embryo.

Recommended Books:

• Balinsky, B. I. (1975) An Introduction to Embryology, 4th ed. W. B. Saunders,

pub. Philadelphia

37

• Browder, L. W., C. Erickson and W.R. Jeffrey (1991) Developmental Biology,

3rd ed. Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia.

• Patten, B. M. and B.M. Carlson (1974) Foundations of Embryology, 3rd ed.

McGraw Hill, pub. New York.

• Wolpert, L. et al., (2001) Principles of Development 2nd ed., Oxford U. Press.

• Development Biology, T Subramoniam, Narvosa Publication 1st Edition

(2002)

• Development at Biology, S.F. Gilbert, Sinawer Ass. Inc.

• Human Embryology , Churchill.

38

BBT- 205 ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING 40hrs

UNIT 1: Semiconductor Materials and Diodes 10

Review of Semiconductor Materials and Properties, The PN Junction, Introduction to

Semiconductor Diode Theory Diode Circuits: DC Analysis and Models, AC Equivalent

Circuits, other Diode Types – Solar Cell, Photodiode, Light – Emitting Diode, Schottky

Barrier Diode, Zener Diode, Temperature Effects, Understanding Manufacturer’s

Specifications.

UNIT 2: Diode Circuits 10

Design of Rectifier Circuits, Half Wave Rectification, Full Wave Rectification, Filter,

Ripple Voltage and Diode Current, Voltage Doubler Circuit, Zener Diode Circuits,

Clipper and Clamper Circuits, Multiple – Diode Circuits, photodiode and LED Circuits.

UNIT 3: The Bipolar Junction Transistor 10

Basic Bipolar Junction Transistor, Transistor Structures, NPN Transistor : Forward-

active mode Operation, PNP Transistor : Forward – active Mode Operation, Circuits

Symbols and Conventions, Current – Voltage Characteristics, Non ideal Transistor

Leakage Current and Breakdown, DC Analysis of Transistor Circuits, Common- Emitter

Circuits, Load Line and Modes Of Operation, Common Bipolar Circuits: DC Analysis,

Basic Transistor Applications – Switch, Amplifer, Bipolar Biasing and Bias Stability,

Integrated Circuit Biasing, Multistage Circuits.

UNIT 4:The Field Effect Transistor 10

Junction Field- Effect Transistor, MOS Field- Effect Transistor, MOSFET DC Circuit

Analysis, Basic MOSFET Applications: Switch, Digital Logic Gate and Amplifier.

Temperature effects in MOSFETs, Input Protection in MOSFET. The power FET

(VMOS).

39

Recommended Books:

Donald Schilling & Charles Belove, Electronic Circuits Discrete and Integrated, Third

edition, McGraw Hill International edition, 1989.

40

BBT – 206 BIOSTATISTICS 40hrs

UNIT 1: Data Presentation 03

Graphs: Histogram, Bar Charts: Simple and Multiple, Pie Chart , Problems and

Interpretations of each.Tables: Simple Table; Two Way and Multiway Table ;

Problems elaborating each.

UNIT 2: Measure of Central Tendency, Dispersion, Skewnwss and Kurtosis 06

Measure of Central Tendency: Arithmetic Mean, Median, Mode. Measure of

Dispersion: Variance, standard Deviation, Standard error, Coefficient of

variation. Skewness: Discussion, Karl Pearson’s co-efficient of Skewness.

Kurtosis: Discussion. Note: Discussion of uses and interpretations is expected.

UNIT3: Exact Sampling Distribution I 06

Chi Square Test. Definition: Applications of Chi Square Test. Chi Square Test for

population variance. Chi Square Test for Goodness of Fit. Chi Square Test for

independence of attributes (2 x 2 contingency table only). Yates Correction

method. ( Problems on Chi-Square with Yates correction need to be covered in

practical session). Note on degrees of freedom. Problems on each.

UNIT4: Exact Sampling Distribution II 14

Parametric Test: t-test. Definition: Simple t- Test for mean and variance.

Independent t-Test for Mean and Variance. Paired t- Test for mean and variance.

Problems on each. Z-test. Definition: Z- Test for significance of difference for

sample mean and Population Mean. Z- Test for significance of difference for

sample variance and Population Variance. Z- Test for significance of difference

for sample means of two group. Z- Test for significance of difference for

sample variance of two group. Problems on each. ANOVA, One Way

ANOVA, Two Way ANOVA, Problems on each. Non Parametric Test: Test of

Randomness, Median Test, Sign Test, Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U Test,

Problems

41

UNIT 5: Testing of Hypotheses 05

Introduction: Assumption of Parametric test, General Hypotheses, Statistical

Hypotheses, Simple and Composite Hypotheses, Null Hypotheses, Alternative

Hypotheses, Critical Region, Two Types of Error, Level of Significance, Steps in

Solving Testing of Hypotheses problem.

UNIT 6: Correlation and Regression 06

Definition of Correlation for Bivariate Distribution. Types of Correlations,

Positive Correlation, Negative Correlation, No Correlation. Methods for

Identifying Types and Degree of correlation, Scatter Diagram, Karl Pearson’s

Correlation Coefficient, Problems , Interpretations of Results, Rank Correlation,

Limitations of correlations, Regression for Bivariate Distribution, Line of

regression, Regression Curves, Regression Coefficients, Properties of regression

Coefficients.

Recommended Books:

1. Fundamentals of mathematical Statistics.

2. Fundamentals of Applied l Statistics.

3. Statistical Method.

4. Probability and Random Process

42

Practical - I

1. Dissection of salivary glands

2. Preparation of polytene chromosomes from salivary glands of Chiromonas/

Drosophila/ Mosquito

3. Induction of polyploidy in onion root tips

4. Study of simple and complex tissue by maceration

5. Abnormal secondary growth in carrot and Bignonia

6. Study of permanent slides:

- T. S. of dicot stem

- T. S. of monocot stem

7. Study of permanent slides:

- Types of ovule

- T. S. of anther

- T. S. of ovule

- Embryo sac

8. Pollen viability test

9. Study of Barr body from buccal epithelium

10. Exercises on population genetics and linkage

43

Practical - II

1. Creating Charts with Excel and /or SPSS for different types of DATA.

2. Creating Tables with Excel and /or SPSS for different types of DATA.

3. Calculation of Mean, Median and Mode with excel and SPSS.

4. Calculation of Variance, Coefficient of variation and Skewness and Kurtosis with

excel and SPSS.

5. Chi Square Test with Excel and/or SPSS

6. Correlation Analysis with Excel and/or SPSS.

7. Regression Analysis with Excel and/or SPSS

8. Fitting of Regression Line with Excel and/or SPSS.

9. Analyzing data for Normality assumption.

10. t- test with Excel and/or SPSS.

11. ANOVA with Excel and/or SPSS .

12. Analysis of Non Parametric data with Non Parametric tests with Excel and/or

SPSS.

13. Study of diode characteristics

14. Study of clipper and clamper circuit.

15. Study transistor characteristics (i.e. input, output characteristics of CE

configuration

44

BBT - 301 MICROBIOLOGY 40hrs

UNIT 1: History of microbiology : 03

Landmark discoveries in microbiology, Scope of microbiology

UNIT 2: Microscopic observation of micro-organisms 04

Microscopy – Light microscope and its parts, Principle behind staining of micro-

organisms

UNIT 3: Classification of micro-organisms – 04

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, different methods of

classification of micro-organisms

UNIT 4: The morphology and ultra-structure of bacteria: 10

Pure culture techniques. Nutritional requirements of bacteria and methods of

cultivation, Growth of bacteria, Growth cycle, Measurement of bacterial growth.

Differentiation pattern among prokaryotes

UNIT 5: Control of micro-organisms using physical and chemical agents 06

UNIT 6: Microbial diversity 10

Photosynthetic microorganisms, Chemolithotrophs, Gliding bacteria, Budding and

appendaged bacteria, Archaebacteria - Archae as earliest life forms, introduction

to thermophiles, psychrophiles, halophiles, alkalophiles, acidophiles,

hyperthermophiles, Introduction to viruses, fungi and protozoa.

UNIT 7: Microbial Genetics 03

Methods of gene transfer: Bacterial transformation, conjugation and transduction.

Recommended Books:

1. Microbiology; Michael J. Pelczar, E. C. S. Chan, Noel R. Krieg;;Tata Mc Graw

Hills; 5th edition (1993)

45

2. Microbiology; Lansing M Prescott, John P.Harley, Donald .A.Klein; McGraw

Hills 5th

edition (2005)

3. General Microbiology; Roger Y. Stanier, John L. Ingraham, Mark L. Wheelis,

Page R Painter; MacMillan Press ltd; 5th edition (1986)

4. Microbiology – A.J.Salle

5. Microbiology, Tortora, Funke and Chase, Benzamin & Cummings

46

BBT – 302 MOLECULES OF LIFE 40hrs

UNIT 1: Nature of biological materials 04

Introduction to biochemistry, importance, general properties of organic

molecules, functional groups, suitability of organic molecules for generation of

structures. Water-Structure, properties and physiological importance.

UNIT 2: Carbohydrates 08

Classification, structures, properties and functions of monosaccharides,

disaccharides (lactose, maltose & sucrose) ,polysaccharides (starch, glycogen,

cellulose, pectin, dextrin, chitin, heparin, cell wall polysaccharides),biological

importance of carbohydrates.

UNIT 3: Lipids 08

Classification, nomenclature, structure of fatty acids. Chemical properties of fats-

saponification number, iodine number, acid number,rancidity,RM

number.Chemical properties and functions of of phospholipids-lecithin,cephalin,

phosphotidyl serine, phosphotidyl ethanolamine , glycolipids, isoprenoids and

sterols(cholesterol).Biological importance of lipids.

UNIT 4: Proteins 08

Amino acids-classification based on polarity, structure and properties, essential

and nonessential. Classification of proteins (ASBC and APS),functional

classification, peptide bond. Protein structure-primary, secondary ,tertiary and

quaternary, forces stabilizing protein structure, protein denaturation, biological

importance.

UNIT 5: Nucleic acids 06

Structure of purines ,pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleoides. Properties of nucleic

acids(denaturation, annealing, buoyant density),Structure of DNA, forms of

DNA(A,B,Z)Structure and function of different RNAs (m,r,t), biological role.

47

UNIT6: Vitamins and minerals 06

Fat soluble vitamins(A,D,E,K) and water soluble(B complex series and Vit. C)-

sources, RDA, role, deficiency disorders(no structures). Minerals-

Macro(Na,P,K,S,Ca,Mg &Cl), Micro(Fe, I, Cu, Zn, Mn,Co, Mo, Se, Cr, F)-

sources and role.

Recommended Books

1.Practical Biochemistry-Plummer,D,3rd

Edn.,Tata McGraw Hill publishing

Co.,1988

2.Laboratory Manual of Biochemistry-Jayaraman J,New age international

publication,1981.

3. Practical Biochemisty-Swahney, Singh, Narosa Publication,2005.

4. Practical Clinical Biochemistry-Varley;H,CBS publications.

48

BBT - 303 BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES 40hrs

UNIT 1: Solutions and buffers 05

Nature and preparation of buffers, Determination of pH, Instrumentation-pH

meter, Applications of pH measurement

UNIT 2: Centrifugation 05

Principle and instrumentation, Types of centrifugation, Sedimentation coefficient,

Applications

UNIT 3: Chromatography 07

Principles and instrumentation, Types-Paper, Ion-exchange, affinity, Applications

UNIT 4: Electrophoresis 07

Principles and instrumentation, Types of electrophoresis-Free & Zone, Paper and

Gel electrophoresis, Immunoelectrophoresis, Applications of electrophoresis

technique

UNIT 5: Radioisotope technique 05

Nature of radioactivity, Detection and measurement, Advantages and limitations

of radiotracer experiments, Applications of radioisotope in biological sciences,

Safety aspects

UNIT 6: Polarimetry 06

Polarization of Light, Plane of polarization, Optical activity, ORD and CD effects,

Instrumentation, Applications of CD and ORD

UNIT 7: Spectroscopy 05

Region and properties of EM radiations, Principles, photoelectric effect,

49

absorptionspectrum, emission spectrum, Instrumentation, Types of absorption

spectroscopy (overview), Types of absorption spectroscopy, Applications of

absorption spectroscopy.

Recommended Books

1. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis.B.K. Sharma, Goel Publishing House, 25th

edition

2. Principles and techniques of biochemistry and molecular biology, Wilson and Walker,

Cambridge University Press, 6th edition

3. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis, Chatwal and Anand, Himalaya Publishing

House, 5th

Edition

4. Tools and techniques of biotechnology, Mousumi Debnath, Pointer Publishers, 1st

edition

5. Biophysical chemistry-Principles and techniques, Upadhyay; Upadhyay and Nath, H

Himalaya Publishing House, 3rd

Edition

6. Physical biochemistry- applications to biochemistry and molecular biology, David

Freifelder, Freeman and Co., 2nd

edition.

50

BBT - 304 MAMMALIAN ANATOMY 40Hrs

UNIT 1: Basic Tissues 14

Epithelial Tissue. Connective Tissue: Structural elements: Extracellular

components, fundamental cell types and mononuclear wandering cells. Types of

connective tissues: Loose connective tissue, Dense connective tissue, Fluid

connective tissue: Blood. Supporting connective tissue: Cartilages. Bones:

Macroscopic and Microscopic structure, submicroscopic structure and

composition of bone matrix. Muscle tissue: Structural and molecular organization

of muscles. Nervous tissue: Neurons, supporting cells, synaptic junction.

UNIT 2: Excretory System 05

Kidneys: Gross anatomy and histology, Blood and nervous supply. Nephron:

Parts of a Nephron, Histology of the Nephron and collecting duct.

UNIT 3: Circulatory System 05

External and internal anatomy of: Heart, Blood vessels: Arteries, veins, arterioles,

venules and capillaries.

UNIT4: Male reproductive system: 05

Testes, Epididymis, Ductus deferens, Seminal vesicles, Prostate, Bulbo-urethral

gland, External genitalia.

UNIT 5: Female reproductive system: 05

Ovaries, Fallopian tubes, Uterus, Vagina, External genitalia.

51

UNIT 6: Respiratory system 06

External and internal anatomy of: Nose, Pharynx, Trachea, Lungs and pleurae.

Recommended Books:

1. Text Book of Medical Physiology; Arthur Guyton and John Hall;; Elsevier, Reed

Elsevier, India Pvt. Ltd. 10th Edition (2000).

1. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology; Tortora Gerard J. Grabowski; John Wiley

and Sons Incubator. New Jersey,10th Edition; (2003).

2. Human Anatomy and Physiology; Elaine N. Marieb;; Benjamin/ Cummings

Science Publishing, California, 4th Edition (2004).

3. Histology; W.A. Ham,Philadelphia& Montream, J.B. Lippincott comp.,5th

Edition. (1965)

4. Concise Histology; Bloom and Flawcett, Ronald P. Jensh , Arnold Publication,2nd

Edition (2002)

5. Textbook of Histology; Bloom and Flawcett, Chapman & Hall , 12th Edition

(1994)

52

BBT - 305 MAMMALIAN PHYSIOLOGY 40hrs

UNIT1: Physiology of muscle contraction and nerve impulse transmission 06

UNIT 2: Excretion 08

Types of body fluids and maintenance of osmotic equilibrium between

extracellular and intracellular fluids, Formation of urine by kidney: Glomerular

filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion.

UNIT3: Circulation 10

Biophysics of blood flow, haemodynamics, capillary dynamics and exchange of

fluid between the blood and interstitial fluid, lymphatic system, Blood pressure,

measurement of blood pressure, cardiac output and venous return, Pulmonary

circulation, systemic circulation, coronary circulation, blood flow through specific

areas of the body.

UNIT 4: Reproduction 08

Spermatogenesis, Hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis, Testosterone and its

functions, Oogenesis, Menstrual cycle, Hormonal regulation of oogenesis and

menstrual cycle, Oestrogen, progesterone and their functions.

UNIT 5: Respiration 08

Pulmonary ventilation: Inspiration and Expiration, Physical principles of gaseous

exchange, diffusion of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and the blood, Transport

of O2 and CO2 in the blood and body fluids.

Books recommended

1. Text Book of Medical Physiology; Arthur Guyton and John Hall; Elsevier, Reed Pvt.

Ltd. 10th Edition; (2000).

2. Human Physiology Volume Elsevier, India I and II; C.C. Chatterjee; Medical Allied

Agency 10th Edition;(2004).

53

3. Human anatomy and Physiology; Elaine N. Marieb; Pearson, Benzamin cummings,6th

edition(2004).

4. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology; Tortora Gerard J. Grabowski; John Wiley and

sons .New Jersey, 10th

edition (2003).

5. Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology; Fredric H. Martini, Prentice Hall

international editions, 7th

edition (2006).

6. Anatomy and Physiology ,Thibodeau ,Patton ,Mosby publications ,Third edition

(1996).

54

BBT – 306 BIOPHYSICS 40 hrs

UNIT 1: Biophysical Principles 10

Diffusion: Principles and mechanism, Diffusion across membranes. Osmosis:

Principles and mechanism, Osmoregulation in plants. surface tension: Principle

and mechanism, Biological importance in living cells and human body.

Ultrafiltration: Principle & mechanism, Biological importance in body.

Hydrophobic effect

UNIT 2: Biological Macromolecules 15

General principles: Configuration & Conformation, Interaction of biomolecules

with water, Stabilising interaction. The structure of proteins: Helical symmetry, H

bonding in secondary structures. Effect of peptide bond on protein conformation,

Ramachandran plot. The structure of nucleic acid: Helical structure of Polynucleic

acid, Base pairing, base stacking and torsional angles.

UNIT 3: Thermodynamics & Biophysics 10

Laws of thermodynamics and living organisms, Living body as a thermodynamic

system, Biosphere as a thermodynamic system, Evolution as a thermodynamic

process

UNIT 4: Membrane Biophysics 05

Membrane Structure: Lipid bilayer, Micelle, Physico chemical properties of

membrane, Modification of cell membrane and change in biophysical properties,

Conformational/Dynamic properties of membranes

Recommended Books

1.A textbook of biophysics, R.N.Roy, New Central Publication, 1st edition.

2. Elementary biophysics. P.K.Srivastava Narosa Publication, 1st edition.

3. Biophysical Chemistry.Upadhyay & Nath, Himalaya publications 3rd

edition.

55

4. Biological thermodynamics.Donald T.Haynie,Cambridge University Press, 1st edition.

5.Principles of Physical Biochemistry.Kensl E.van Holde, W.Curtis Johnson, P.Shing Ho,

Pearson Prentice Hall,2nd

edition.

6. Biophysical chemistry Part I: The conformation of biological macromolecules.

Biophysical chemistry Part III: The behavior of biological macromolecules.Cantor and

Schimmel, W.H.Freeman and Company, 10th edition.

56

Practical - I

1. Preparations of solutions –molar,normal,ppm,percent.

2. pH meter and preparation of buffers.

3. Qualitative tests for

a) Proteins-ninhydrin,biuret

b) Carbohydrates-Molischs, Benedicts, Fehlings, Bials, Barfoeds,

Iodine.

c) Lipids-solubility tests, Sudan III

4. Iodine value/ Saponification value of oils.

5. Determination of λmax and verification of Beer & Lambert’s law

5. Estimation of maltose by DNSA method

6. Estimation of proteins by Biuret method

7. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography

8. Separation of lipids by TLC

9. Isolation of – starch from potato

- casein from milk

10. Separation of plant pigments by column chromatography

57

Practical II

1. Staining Techniques-

a) Basic : Monochrome/ negative

b) Differential :- Gram stain, Spore, Capsule, Cell Wall

2. Aseptic transfer Techniques

a) Flask to flask

b) Tube to plate

c) Pipetting from Flask to tube/ Tube to tube

3. Preparation of microbial suspension in saline and serial dilution

4. Preparation of nutrient media- broth and agar ( Nutrient and Macconkey’s)

5. Isolation of microorganism by- Streak plate, T method, Pentagonal Streaking

6. viable count of bacteria- Pour plate, Spread plate

7. Isolation of antibiotic producers: crowded plate, wilkins overlay

8. Routine analysis of blood-RBC count,Differential WBC count

9. Permanent slides of reproductive system- Spermatozoan, V.S. of testis, T.S. of -

seminiferous tubeles, ovary, uterus, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thyroid

gland, parathyroid gland, pineal gland.

10. Observation of chart and models – Respiratory system, Models of lymphatic

system

58

BBT - 401 INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM I 40hrs

UNIT 1: Introduction to metabolism 06

Introduction to intermediary metabolism the basic metabolic pathways: Anabolic,

catabolic, amphibolic pathways. Approaches to biochemical investigations-

perfusion of isolated organs, slice technique, Tracer techniques and mutant studies

for elucidation of metabolic pathways.

Unit 2: Bioenergetics 08

Study of equilibrium in aqueous solution- concept of free energy, standard free

energy, endergonic, exergonic and coupled reactions, steady state and non

equilibrium systems. Nature and generation of phosphate bond energy. Energy

currencies of the cell. The ATP cycle, other high energy compounds. Redox

potentials and redox reactions,. Relation between reduction potentials and

frequency change. Donnan Membrane equilibrium Passive, Active and Facilitated

Transport. Examples H+, Cl- ,Na+ / K+ gradients, role of energy conversion –

Mitchell hypothesis. Transformation of diffrerent energy forms; e.g. chemical and

mechanical. Efficiency of interconversion of various forms of energy.

UNIT 3: Biological Oxidation 08

The electron transport chain organization and role in electron capture, electron

transport complexes, oxidative phosphorylation, the chemiosmotic theory.

Mechanism of action of ATP Syntheses (FoF1 ATPase). Inhibitors of respiratory

chain and oxidative phosphorylation, uncouplers,ionospheres, mitochondrial

transport system, ATP/ ADP exchange malate/ glycerophosphate shuttle.

Unit 4: Photosynthesis 06

Chloroplast -Pigment Systems, Light harvesting complex, Hill Reaction, light

reaction- cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation, Dark Reaction-Calvin

cycle, Hatch –Slack pathway, CAM pathway, photorespiration.

59

Unit 5: Carbohydrate metabolism & disorders 12

Glycolysis –anaerobic, aerobic, pyruvate oxidation,TCA cycle,glycogen

metabolism Cori cycle, HMP Shunt, Gluconeogenesis, Glyoxalate Cycle,

Metabolisms of galactose and mannose. Role of Fructose 2,6 biphosphate,

regulation of glycolysis, gluconecogenesis and glycogen metabolism, pivotal role

of TCA cycle in metabolism. Disorders- Blood Sugar levels, Diabetes mellitus,

metabolic complications, glucose tolerance tests, glycosylated hemoglobin,

glycogen storage diseases, galactosemia, fructosemia, pentosemia,

mucopolysaccharidosis, ketone bodies.

Recommended Books:

1.Biochemistry- Stryer,Berg,6th Edition,W.H.Freeman and Co.,2007.

2.Biochemistry-Metzler;DE,2nd

Edn.,Academic press,2001.

3.Lehninger’ Principles of biochemistry-Nelson,Cox,4th Edn., W.H.Freeman and

Co.,2005.

4 Biochemistry –Voet;D,Voet;J,3rd

Edn.John Wiley and sonsInc.,2004.

5 Outlines of Biochemistry-Conn;E,Stumpf,5th Edn. ,Tata-McGraw Hill,1988.

6 Harper’s Principles of Biochemistry-Murray,Gardener,Mayes,Rodwell,27th

Edn.McGraw Hill Education,206

7 Biochemistry- Rawn,D,Pamina publications,2004

8.Textbook of biochemistry-West,Todd,Mason,VanBrergen,4th edn. Oxford&IBH,1966.

9.Biochemistry-Satyanarayan.U,Books &Allied(P) Ltd.,2003.

10. Biochemistry-Champe;P,3rd

Edn.,Lippincott Willams&Wilkins,2005.

11. Biochemistry-Zubay;G,3rdEdn.,Pearson Education P.Ltd,2003

60

BBT - 402 ENZYMOLOGY AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY 40hrs

UNIT 1: Introduction to enzymes 09

Chemical nature, apoenzyme, coenzyme ,cofactor ,prosthetic group.Nomenclature

– IUB system of classification -Six main classes with examples. Activation

energy, isoenzymes (LDH) Ribozymes, Metalloenzymes, Zymogen, multienzyme

Complex (PDH) ,factors affecting enzyme activity

UNIT 2: Mechanism of enzyme action and regulation 09

Specificity, type of enzyme specificity, Active site,Models of enzyme action –

Lock and key, induced fit, transition state theory. Mechanism of enzyme action –

covalent catalysis, metal ion catalysis, acid base catalysis, proximity & orientation

effect. Regulation – covalent modification, regulatory enzymes ,allosteric

regulation (ATCase), Feedback inhibition ,Zymogen activation.

UNIT 3: Enzyme Kinetics & Inhibition 09

Steady state Kinetics, Derivation and significance of Michaelis Menten equation,

Line werver-Burke Plot, Single and double Displacement Reactions, Co-

operatively with respect to oxygen binding by hemoglobin. Inhibition –

Reversible and Irreversible – Competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive

inhibition (characteristics and examples)

UNIT 4: Enzyme purification ,characterization and assay 09

Isolation and purification of enzymes – intracellular localization homogenization

techniques,dialysis, salt precipitation, centrifugation, lyophilization, criteria of

purity – SDS – PAGE, Zymograph. Characterization of active site- use of

substrate analogs, modification by chemical methods, treatment by proteases, site

directed mutations, enzyme assay – coupled, continuous, end – point, immuno

and kinetic assays. Enzyme units ,specific activity, Katal, International units

UNIT 5: Applications of Enzymes – 04

61

Immobilized enzymes, Biosensors, diagnostic enzymes & enzyme therapy,

industrial enzymes,designer enzymes, Abzymes.

Recommended Books

1. Enzymes-Palmer;T,Affiliated East West Press Pvt.Ltd.,2004.

2. Biochemistry- Stryer,Berg,6th Edition,W.H.Freeman and Co.,2007.

3. Biochemistry-Metzler;DE,2nd

Edn.,Academic press,2001.

4. Lehninger’ Principles of biochemistry-Nesson,Cox,4th Edn., W.H.Freeman and

Co.,2005.

5. Biochemistry –Voet;D,Voet;J,3rd

Edn.John Wiley and sonsInc.,2004.

6. Outlines of Biochemistry-Conn;E,Stumpf,5th Edn. ,Tata-McGraw Hill,1988.

7. Harper’s Principles of Biochemistry-Murray,Gardener,Mayes,Rodwell,27th

Edn.McGraw Hill Education,206

8. Enzyme Biotechnology- Tripathi;G,ABD Publishers,2003.

9 Enzyme Technology, M.F. Chaplin and C. Bucke, Cambridge University Press

10 Industrial Enzymes & their applications, H. Uhlig, John Wiley and Sons Inc

62

BBT - 403 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PROKARYOTES 40 hrs

UNIT 1 : 05

Nucleic acids structure, Identification of DNA as genetic material, Types of DNA

(A, B and Z DNA), Types of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA).

UNIT 2: 04

Structure and organization of prokaryotic genome, Properties of DNA, Chemical

and physical properties, Spectroscopic and Thermal properties, DNA supercoiling

UNIT 3: 06

DNA recombination, Molecular mechanism and models of recombination,

Homologous recombination, Site-specific recombination, Transposition

UNIT 4: 04

Mutagens and mutagenic agents, DNA damage and repair

UNIT 5: 24

Central dogma of molecular biology: DNA replication, Strategies of replication,

Mechanism and the enzymes involved, Lagging and leading strands, Models of

replication (Theta, Rolling circle). Transcription: Mechanism and steps involved

(Initiation, Elongation and Termination), Regulation of transcription, Lac operon-

Positive and negative control, Trp operon- Repression, attenuation and

antitermination, Regulon, Viral strategies for transcription control. Translation:

Cell components involved (mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA), Ribosomes (structure and

composition), Genetic code and wobble hypothesis, Steps Involved (Initiation,

Elongation and Termination), Translational control and post translational

modifications.

63

Recommended Books:

1) Molecular Biology; David Freifelder, Narosa Publishing House,2nd

edition (2004)

2) Microbial Genetics; David Freifelder, Narosa Publishing House, 2nd

edition(2004)

3) Principles of Gene Manipulations; S. B. Primrose, R. M. Twyman, R. W. old,

Blackwell Science,6th Edition (2003).

4) Gene VIII; Benjamin Lewin; Oxford Univ. Press ,8th edition (2004)

5) Advanced Molecular Biology ;R. M. Twyman, 1st Edition , (2003)

6) Instant Notes on Molecular Biology; P.C. Turner, A. G. Mclennan, A. D. Bates &

M. R. H. White, 2nd

Edition (2002)

64

BBT - 404: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF EUKARYOTES 40hrs

UNIT 1: Eukaryotic chromosomes 03

Structure, Banding patterns Specialized structures – lampbrush and Polytene

chromosomes.

UNIT 2: Concept of chromatin 03

Heterochromatin and Euchromatin - properties and functions, Factors involved in

heterochromatin formation.

UNIT 3: Nucleosomes and higher order chromatin 03

Types and assembly of histone proteins, Formation of higher order chromatin,

Regulation of chromatin structure.

UNIT 4: Eukaryotic genome complexity 09

C value paradox, Cot analysis and coding potential, repetitive/satellite DNA ,

Gene clusters, pseudogenes, Short and Long Interspersed Elements(SINES &

LINES), alu families and their significance, split genes, introns/exons and

overlapping genes.

UNIT 5: Modification of DNA 03

Methylation of DNA and its role, Invitro modification of DNA.

UNIT 6: RNA processing 05

Maturation of untranslated RNAs, End-modification and methylation of mRNA,

RNA splicing, RNA editing, Post-processing regulation.

65

UNIT 7: Catalytic RNA 04

Group-I Introns, Ribozymes, Group- II Introns, Viroids, RNA editing by guide

………RNAs, Autocatalytic protein splicing

UNIT 8: Homologous recombination in Eukaryotes 03

Homologous recombination during meiosis, Mating type switching, Genetic

consequences

UNIT 9: Gene regulation in Eukaryotes 07

Role of Eukaryotic activators, Signal integration and combinatorial control,

Transcriptional regulators by signal transduction, Histone modifications and

DNA, Post-transcription initiation, Role of RNA

Recommended Books:

1) Molecular Biology; David Freifelder, Narosa Publishing House,2nd

edition (2004)

2) Molecular Biology of the Gene; James Watson 5th Edition (2006) Pearsons

Education.

3) Gene IX; Benjamin Lewin; Oxford Univ. Press ,9th edition (2008)

4) Advanced Molecular Biology; R. M. Twyman, 1st Edition , (2003)

5) Instant Notes on Molecular Biology; P.C. Turner, A. G. Mclennan, A. D. Bates &

M. R. H. White, 2nd

Edition (2002)

6) Genetics; P.K.Gupta, Rastogi Publications, 2005.

66

BBT - 405 ADVANCED ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES 40hrs

UNIT 1: Atomic absorption spectrometry 10

Introduction to Spectrometric Methods, Introduction to Optical Atomic

Spectroscopy, Atomic Absorption and Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Atomic

Emission Spectroscopy, Atomic Mass Spectroscopy, Atomic X-Ray

UNIT 2: Molecular absorption spectrometry 12

Introduction to UV/Visible Molecular Spectroscopy with application, Molecular

Luminescence Spectroscopy, Introduction to Infrared Spectroscopy with

application, Raman Spectroscopy, NMR with applications such as MRI,

Molecular Mass Spectroscopy and X ray crystallography.

UNIT 3: Separation Techniques: Chromatography 07

Introduction to Chromatographic Separations, Gas Chromatography, HPTLC,

HPLC, GC-MS, LC-MS with applications

UNIT 4: Separation Techniques: Electrophoresis 06

Introduction to Electrophoretic separations, Acrylamide, Starch, Gelatin, agarose

gels, IEF, capillary isoelectrofocussing, 2D electrophoresis, pulse fiend

electrophoresis, Capillary Electrophoresis and Capillary Electrochromatography.

UNIT 5: Specialized techniques 05

MALDI-TOF-MS, Alternative methods for ionization such as SELDI, ESI, CI,

FAB etc MS-MS analysis( Tandom MS).

Recommended Books

1. Principles of Instrumental Analysis “Skoog, Holler, Nieman” Thomson

Brooks/Cole Publication.

67

2. Instrumental Methods Of Analysis “ Willard H. H.” Cbs Publishers &

Distributors.

3. Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis; “Mendham J” Dorling

Kindersley (india) Pvt Ltd.

4. Analytical Chromatography by Chatwal GR, Himalaya Publishing house

5. Principles and techniques of biochemistry and molecular biology by Wilson

Keith- walker John, Cambrdge University press

6. Principles and techniques of practical Biochemistry by Wilson Keith- Golding,

contemptory Biology

7. Biophysical chemistry by Upadhyaya and Nath

68

BBT – 406 IMMUNOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 40 hrs

UNIT 1: Fundamentals of Immune System 05

Innate and adaptive immunity, Cyokines,Complement system, Organs and

Tissues of Immune System- Primary and, Secondary lymphoid organs,

Haematopoiesis, Cells of Immune system.

UNIT 2: Antigens and Immunoglobulins 05

Antigens-Definitions, Hapten, . Adjuvant, Chemical Nature, Types of Antigenic

determinants. Immunglobulins- General Structure, Classes of Immunoglobulin

and Isotypes, Functions, Affinity and Avidity

UNIT 3: Immune Response 08

Lymphocytes: T-Cells- Classes, Structure and organization of TCRs, B-Cells-

Cell surface Receptors. APCs and Interaction and Mounting of Immune Response

(Antigen presentation, processing Overview, overview of MHC class) T and

B cell activation overview. Overview of Auto immunity, Transplantation and

Hypersensitivity

UNIT 4: Techniques in Immunology 04

Precipitation Reactions/ Tests, Agglutination Reactions, ELISA, RIA , FAT,

Immunoprecipitation, Chemiluminiscence and Elisa spot assay.

UNIT 5: Introduction to virology 05

Distribution, Classification, Morphology and ultra structure of viruses,

Cultivation of viruses, Virus purification and assays, Concepts of viroids and

prions. Identification tools- Microscopic, Biochemical, CPE, serological test.

UNIT 6: Mode of propagation 05

Adsorption and penetration, Viral replication:Nucleic acid synthesis (origin,

priming, types of DNA and RNA replication), Protein synthesis, Assembly and

release of virion, Life cycle of DNA and RNA Viruses

69

Recommended Books

1. Immunology; Richard A. Goldsby, Thomas J. Kindt, Barbara A. Osborne, Janis

Kuby; W.H. Freeman & Company, 5th edition (2003)

2. Roitt’s Essential Immunology; Ivan M. Roitt, Peter J. Delves Blackwell Science

Ltd., 10th Edition (2001)

3. An Introduction to Immunology; C.V. Rao; Narosa Publishing House,1st Edition

(2004)

4. 4.Instant Notes in Immunology; P.M. Lydyard, A. Whelan, M.W. Fanger BIOS

Scientific Publishers Ltd, 1st Edition (2003)

5. Textbook of Microbiology ;R. Ananthnarayan, C. K. J. Panicker, Orient Longman

, 6th

Edition (2003)

6. Immunology: Introductory textbook;Nandini Shetty, New Age International pvt.

Ltd. 1st Edition (2003)

7. Principles of Virology by SJ Flint, LW Enquist, RM Krug, VR Racaniello, AM

Skalka ASM Press Washington 1st edition (2002)

8. An introduction to genetic engineering by ST Desmond and Nicholl Cambridge

University Press 2nd

edition(2004)

9. General Microbiology Vol. II by Powar and Daginawala Himalaya Publ. House

8th edition (2004)

70

Practical I

1. Estimation of glucose by O Toluidine method & Folin Wu method.

2. Estimation of Calcium by EDTA method.

3. Estimation of phosphorus by Friske-Subbarao method

4. Estimation of lactose by Cole’s ferricyanide method.

5. Tests for the presence of amylase, urease and catalase.

6. Assay of amylase- Determination of Km and Vmax

7. Effect of pH, temperature, substrate concentration and inhibitors on amylase

enzymes activity.

8. Electrophoretic separation of proteins from various sources: native PAGE, SDS

PAGE.

9. Immobilization of amylase and its assay

10. Isolation and separation of chloroplast by sucrose density gradient centrifugation

71

Practical II

1. Determination of the ABO blood group of the given sample and Rh typing, cross

matching

2. Preparation of O and H antigen from Salmonella.

3. Qualitative widal test. (Dreyer’s technique)

4. Ag-Ab Interaction: by Oudin’s, ouctherlonys and okalayas immunodiffusion

method.

5. Ag-Ab Interaction: by Double Immunodiffusion. (2 well method)

6. Isolation and enumeration of Bacteriophage from sewage

7. Normal and diauxic growth curve of E. coli

8. Enumeration of genomic DNA from onion

9. Isolation of cheek DNA

10. Isolation of DNA from Blood

72

BBT – 501 MOLECULAR CELL SIGNALING 40hrs

UNIT 1 : Overview of cell signaling 06

Forms of cell signaling - Autocrine, Juxtacrine, Paracrine, Endocrine, Synaptic.

Signaling machinery and pathways - Concept of signal / ligand (agonist and

antagonist), Concept of receptor (extracellular / intracellular), Ligand –

Receptor interaction, Pathway operatives / cascades, Signal amplification,

Regulation of inter and intra cellular signaling, Membrane anchoring

UNIT 2 : Cell – cell interaction 04

Junctions - Tight, Anchoring, Communicating. Adhesion molecules -

Cadherins, Integrins, Selectins, Ig superfamily

UNIT 3 : Receptors and characterization 15

G-protein – Structure, Mechanism of activation. Enzyme linked - Receptor

Guanylyl Cyclase, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Tyrosine Kinase Associated

Receptor, Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatases, Receptor Serine – Threonine

Kinase, Hitidine Kinase ( Cell Adaptation). Steroids receptors, Channels and

pumps - Na – K ATPase, ABC transporters, Secondary Transporters, ACHR,

Sodium, Potassium. Techniques of receptor characterization - Patch – Clamp

Techniques, Hormone Binding Assay

UNIT 4 : Secondary Messengers 05

cAMP, cGMP, Phosphoinositides, Ca2+

, DAG, Other lipid messengers, Nitric

Oxide

UNIT 5 : Kinase Cascades 05

Division (MAPK), Differentiation (BOSS / Drosophila eye), Survival (PI3K),

Development (NF-KB)

73

UNIT 6 : Inhibition of signal transduction pathways or targets of drugs 02

Cholera, Whooping Cough, Steroidal and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory

drugs, Sidenafil citrate

UNIT 7 : Signaling in plants 03

Ethylene, Phytochrome, meristem differentiation.

Recommended books:

1. Alberts et al. (1994) Molecular Biology of the Cell (3/e) Garland Science

Publishing, UK

2. Alberts et al. (2002) Molecular Biology of the Cell (4/e) Garland Science

Publishing, UK

3. Helmreich (2005) The Biochemistry of cell signaling Oxford University Press,

India

4. Lehninger et al. (2004) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (4/e) WH Freeman

and Co., USA

5. Stryer et al, (2002) Biochemistry (5/e) WH Freeman and Co., USA

74

BBT – 502 INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM II 40hrs

UNIT 1: Lipid metabolism and disorders 14

Oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, β oxidation. role of a carnitine,

ketogenesis and utilization. Biosynthesis of fatty acids, Metabolism of

Triglycerides Phospholipids and Sphingolipids, cholesterol biosynthesis,

regulation, transport, excretion, reverse cholesterol transport, formation of bile

acids, lipoprotein metabolism. Disorders of lipid metabolism – plasma lipids and

lipoproteins, abnormalities -hypo and hyper cholesterolemia, lipidosis, clinical

inter relationship of lipids. Clinical inter-relations ships of lipids (sphigolipidosis,

multiple sclerosis) ,lipoproteins and apolipopeoteins, Inherited metabolic lipid

disorders – Taysach’s disease, Niemannpick’s disease,ganglisidosis ,hypo and

hyper lipo proteinemia.

UNIT 2: Protein Metabolism and disorders 14

General reactions –transamination, deamination, decarboxylation, ammonia

formation urea cycle, metabolic breakdown of aminoacids to amphibolic

intermediates, conversion of aminoacids to specialized products – serotonin,

aminobutyric acid,dopamine, epinephrine ,norepinephnine ,melanin ,creatinine

and creatine, biosynthesis of non-essential aminoacids, key role of glutamate

dehydrogenase in nitrogen metabolism. Disorders of protein metabolism –

hperammonemia, phenylalaninemia, alkptonuria, phenylketonuria,

homocystinuria,cysteinemia,tyrosinemia and related disorders of aminoacidurias,

Hartnups disease.

UNIT 3: Metabolism of Nucleotides and disorders 06

Purine and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis and catabolism regulation of

purine and pyrimidone nucleotide biosynthesis. Disorders of nucleotide

metabolism

75

UNIT 4: Metabolism of porphyrins 03

Biosynthesis and Degradation of porphyrins, heme , bile pigment formation,

transport and excretion.Porphyrias.

UNIT 5: Integration of metabolism 03

Inter-relationship of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism – role of acetyl

CoA. and TCA cycle in the inter-relationship, interconversion of major

foodstuffs. Regulation of intermediary metabolism .

Recommended Books

1.Biochemistry- Stryer,Berg,6th Edition,W.H.Freeman and Co.,2007.

2.Biochemistry-Metzler;DE,2nd

Edn.,Academic press,2001.

3.Lehninger’ Principles of biochemistry-Nelson,Cox,4th Edn., W.H.Freeman and

Co.,2005.

4.Biochemistry –Voet;D,Voet;J,3rd

Edn.John Wiley and sonsInc.,2004.

5 Outlines of Biochemistry-Conn;E,Stumpf,5th Edn. ,Tata-McGraw Hill,1988.

6 Harper’s Principles of Biochemistry-Murray,Gardener,Mayes,Rodwell,27th

Edn.McGraw Hill Education,206

7 Biochemistry- Rawn,D,Pamina publications,2004

8.Textbook of biochemistry-West,Todd,Mason,VanBrergen,4th edn. Oxford&IBH,1966.

9.Biochemistry-Satyanarayan.U,Books &Allied(P) Ltd.,2003.

10. Biochemistry-Champe;P,3rd

Edn.,Lippincott Willams&Wilkins,2005.

11. Biochemistry-Zubay;G,3rdEdn.,Pearson Education P.Ltd,2003

76

BBT – 503 COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 40hrs

UNIT 1: Food and Beverages 10

Dairy products- cheese (Swiss, Cheddar and Camembert),

Beverages – Bear & wine, Citric Acid, Mushroom, SCP – Spirulina and Yeast,

Glutamic Acid, Acetic Acid, Oriental fermented foods & beverages (Koji, Meso,

Soy sauce), Bakery products (Bread), Sweetners, Microbial polysac charides

(Xanthon, Gellan).

UNIT 2: Agricultural Biotechnology 08

Biofertilizers: Types, process of manufacture and applications,

Biopesticides: Bacterial, fungal and viral- production and applications,

Aerobic and anaerobic treatment of agricultural wastes,

Composting and Vermicomposting.

UNIT 3: Health related products 12

Vit. B12, Blood products- Factor VIII, Streptokinase, Anticoagulants, therapeutic

proteins- Human GH, Interferons, Interleukins, insulin, erythropoietin, Nerve

growth factor, synthetic Vaccines.

UNIT 4: Secondary Metabolites 04

Antibiotics:- Penicillin, streptomycin, actinomycin, cephalorphorin

UNIT 5: Biotransformation 04

Basic Concepts, Products , Steroids biotransformation.

UNIT 6: GMP , QC and Marketing aspects of biotechnology 02

77

Recommended Books:

1. Industrial Microbiology; L.M. Prescott, J.P. Harley, D.A. Klein; McGraw Hill Pub.

5th

Edition, (2005).

2. Biotechnology; B.D. Singh; Kalyani Pub., 1st Edition (2003).

3. Industrial Microbiology; L.E.Casida; New Age International Pub., 1st Edition, (2004).

4. Principles of Fermentation Technology; P.F. Stanbury, A. Whitaker and S.J. Hall;

Aditya Books Pvt. Ltd., 2nd

Edition, (1997).

5. Biotechnology: Text Book of Industrial Microbiology; Walf Crueger and A.

Crueger; Panima Publishing Corp. 2nd

Edition (2004).

78

BBT - 504 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY 40hrs

UNIT 1 : Plant Tissue Culture 04

Introduction, History, Concept of cellular totipotency. Morphogenesis, Culture

conditions, medium & its constituents. Method of Sterilization

UNIT 2 : Applications of plant tissue culture- I 06

Callus culture. Cell Suspension culture. Somaclonal variation. Secondary

metabolite production from plant cell cultures.

UNIT 3 : Applications of plant tissue culture-II 10

Micropropagation - Pathways and steps, Introduction to commercial

micropropagation. Embryo culture, embryo rescue, meristem culture. Anther

culture & Ovary culture. Protoplast Culture and Somatic hybridization. Somatic

embryogenesis and Synthetic seeds

UNIT 4 : Methods of genetic engineering in plants 03

Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation. Direct

methods of gene transfer

UNIT 5 : Genetic manipulation in plants for the following traits 10

Herbicide resistance. Male sterility. Virus resistance, resistance towards

fungal pathogens. Insect resistance. Genetic engineering of plants for

improvement of crop yield and quality. Genetic engineering for

introducing abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Genetic engineering of

nitrogen fixing bacteria; nif genes and it control.

79

UNIT 6 : 07

Molecular farming - Production of modified carbohydrate, oil and

recombinant proteins, vaccines in plants. Molecular markers in crop

improvement - Detection of genetic diversity, Marker assisted selection and

breeding.

Recommended Books :

1. Biotechnology: Fundamentals & Applications by S.S.Purohit, Agrobios Ltd.

(2001)

2. Trends in Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology; L K Pareek and P L

Swarnkar; Published by AgroBios India (2002).

3. Plant Tissue Culture- Theories and Practices; S. S. Bhojwani and M K

Rajdhan; Published by Elsevier, (1996).

4. Methods in Plant Tissue Culture; U Kumar; AgroBios India, (2003)

5. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture Fundamental Methods; O L

Gamborge; Published by Narosa, New

Delhi (2004)

6. Plant Biotechnology: The genetic manipulation of plants; A. Slater, N.

Scott, M. Fowler; Published by

Oxford University press, New York (2003)

7. Transgenic Plants; V. Ranjan, Agrobios

80

BBT - 505 GENETIC ENGINEERING 40hrs

UNIT 1: Introduction to Genetic Engineering 02

Scope and history, Handling of DNA, RNA Restriction Enzymes, radioactive

isotopes and other corrosive, carcinogenic and inflammable chemicals/ reagents

UNIT 2: Requirement of genetic engineering 04

Isolation and purification of nucleic acids from living cells. DNA isolation:

Preparation of total cell DNA from animal and plant, Preparation of Plasmid

DNA, preparation of Bacteriophage DNA. RNA isolation: Total Cellular RNA,

Cytoplasmic and NuclearRNA, Poly ( A+) RNA

UNIT 3: Enzymes in recombinant DNA technology 07

Nucleases, Ligases, Poylmerases, DNA modifying enzymes, Topoisomerases,

Restriction endonucleases

UNIT 4: Cloning Vectors: 15

Nomenclature, properties of good vector. Vectors for E. coli: Plasmid and plasmid

based vectors: BAC, Phagemids, cosmids and expression, Virus based vectors:

M-13, Lambda and PAC. Vectors for eukaryotes: Yeast based vectors : 2micro m

plasmid, YEp, YAC, Vectors for plants : Ti plasmid and Ri Plasmid Ca MV,

vectors for Animals - SV-40, Retrovirus vectors and Vaccinia/ Bacculo virus

UNIT 5: In Vitro construction of recombinant DNA molecules 05

Creation of r-DNA, Gene Libraries – Genomic DNA and c DNA Cloning

techiniques, Selection of clones based on antibiotic, insertional inactivation,

hybridization, PCR and antibody.

UNIT 6: Methods of DNA transformation in bacteria, plants and animal cells:02

Salt based method, Electroporation, Genegun, Liposome mediated, Transfection

81

Recommended Books:

1. Genetic Engineering and its applications. (2004) 2/e, Joshi. P: Agrobios, India

2. Gene Cloning and DNA analysis: An introduction, (2006) 5/e . T. A. Brown,

Black Well Publishing Company.

3. Principles of Gene Manipulation; S. B. Primrose, R. M. Twyman & R. W. old;

Blackwell Science, 6th Edition (2001).

4. Essential Molecular Biology (volume I) Practical Approach; Edited By T. A.

Brown; Oxford University Press, 2nd

Edition (2001).

5. Molecular Cloning lab manual; Joseph Sambrook, David W. Russell, cold Spring

Harbor Laboratory Press, 3rd

Edition (2001)

82

BBT- 506 BIOINFORMATICS (I) 40 hrs

UNIT1: Introductions to Biological Databases 03

Introduction- types, Biological databases, Information Retrieval from Biological

Databases

UNIT 2: Data management of biological information. 03

Concepts, Data management concepts, Data management techniques, Challenges

arising from biological data, Conclusions

UNIT 3: Mining gene expression data. 03

Concepts, Data mining methods for gene expression analysis, Clustering,

Classification, Conclusion and future research

UNIT 4: Protein databases 05

Primary structure databases, Functional protein Databases, Composite sequence

database, Secondary structure database, Structural classification database

UNIT 5: Analyzing DNA, RNA and protein sequences in databases 07

Introduction to biological databases, Genbank:organisms in Genbank, genomic

DNA databases, cDNA databases corresponding to expressed genes, Expressed

sequence tags, Sequence tagged sites, Genome survey sequences, High

throughput genomic sequence

UNIT 6: NCBI: introduction, 08

Pubmed, Entrez, Blast, OMIM, Books, Taxonomy, Structure, Locuslink

UNIT 7: Protein database 09

Introduction,annotation,pattern ,family, Swissprot, Prodom, Prints, Pfam,

SMART, MetaFam, iProClass, Popset

83

UNIT 8: Molecular modelling 03

Protein databank. accessing PDB entries from NCBI, SCOP: taxononomic system

for protein structures, FSSP database, CATH database, Modelling simulation of

protein structure in silico

Recommended Books:

1. Introduction to Bioinformatics – Teresa Atwood and David J.Parry, Pearson smith

publication (2003)

2. Introduction to Bioinformatics – lesk, Oxford press (2003)

3. Fundamental Concepts of Bioinformatics - Dan E. Krane, Michael L. Raymer,

Pearson education (2004)

4. Sequence structure and Database – Des Higgins, Willice Taylor, oxford press

(2003)

5. Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome analysis by David W. Mount CBS

Publishers & Distributors, 2004 reprint

6. Bioinformatics: Sequence, Structure and Databanks A Practical Approach,

Higgins, ISBN: 0195667530, I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd

7. Bioinformatics: Theory and Practice, Chikhale NJ and Gomase VS,

ISBN:978−81−8318−831−9, Himalaya Publication House

8. Proteomics: Theory and Practice, Gomase VS and Chikhale NJ, Himalaya

Publication House

9. Discovering Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Campbell,

ISBN:9788131715598, Pearson Education

10. Bioinformatics: Databases, Tools, and Algorithms, Orpita Bosu, Simminder Kaur,

Thukral , ISBN: 9780195676839, Oxford University Press

84

Practical I

1. Estimation of vitamin C

2. Estimation of RNA by orcinol method

3. Estimation of DNA by DPA method

4. Estimation of protein by Folin- Lowry method

5. Titration curve of amino acid - glycine

6. Isolation of plasmid DNA

7. Separation of plasmid DNA by agarose gel electrophores

8. Bacterial transformation

9. Bacterial conjugation

10. Restriction digestion of DNA

85

Practical II

1. Introduction to plant tissue culture laboratory and equipments

2. Preparation of plant tissue culture media

3. Establish the cultures from suitable explants to demonstrate various pathways of

micropropagation:

Axillary shoot bud proliferation

In vitro adventitious shoot bud differentiation

Callus induction and callus organogenesis

4. Inoculate the tissue culture raised shoots on suitable medium for in vitro and ex

vitro rooting

5. Hardening and acclimatization of in vitro raised rooted shoots

6. Encapsulate the shoot buds/ seeds to demonstrate the production of synthetic

seeds

7. Perform anther culture to demonstrate the production of haploid plants

8. Perform meristem culture to demonstrate the production of virus-free plants

9. Effect of plant growth regulators on callus induction : effect of harmone variation

: effect of charcoals

10. Embryo Culture

86

BBT - 601 NEUROBIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE 40 hrs

UNIT 1 : Overview of the Nervous system and anatomy of the Nervous system 02

UNIT 2: Introduction to Neurobiology 04

The neuron. Electrophysiology of the Neuron. Electrical signals. Membrane

permeability. Channels and pumps. Synaptic transmission. Neurotransmitter-

neurotransmitter receptors and their effects. Synaptic plasticity.

UNIT 3 : Modulation of movement 02

Construction of Neural Circuits. Modification of Brain Circuits.

UNIT 4 : Electrical Signaling and Neurons communication 06

Electrical Signaling within the Neuron. The chemical senses. Spinal cord

circuits and motor control. Descending control of spinal cord circuitry.

Introduction to Synaptic transmission. Synaptic integration & Modulation.

Neurotransmitters and their release.

UNIT 5 : Neurophysiology and Cognition 02

Sensory Systems, Motor Systems

UNIT 6 : Study of Behaviour 02

Various approaches, innate behaviour, learned behaviour

UNIT 7 : Core Competency and Building Positive Attitude 05

Self confidence, Self image. Meaning and nature of attitude. Components and

Types of attitude. Importance and relevance of attitude

UNIT 8 :Thinking as a tool for Problem Solving and Plan of Action 05

What is thinking: The Mind/Brain/Behavior. Critical Thinking and Learning.

Making Predictions and Reasoning. Construction of POA. Monitoring.

Reviewing and analyzing the outcome.

87

UNIT 9 : Creative Thinking 03

Definition and meaning of creativity. The nature of creative thinking -

Convergent and Divergent thinking, Idea generation and evaluation (Brain

Storming).

UNIT 10 : Interpersonal Relationship Development 03

Importance of Interpersonal Relationships. Interpersonal Relationships Skills.

Impression Management:Meaning & Components of Impression Management.

Impression Management Techniques(Influencing Skills)

UNIT 11 : Teams 03

Meaning and nature of teams. External and internal factors effecting team.

Leadership- styles in organization, Leadership in Teams

UNIT 12 : Managing Personal Effectiveness 03

Setting goals to maintain focus. Dimensions of personal effectiveness ( self

disclosure, openness to feedback and perceptiveness). Time management.

Identifying long-term goals.

Recommended Books:

1. Neurobiology:Molecules,Cell and Systems.(second-edition),

GaryG.Matthews,Blackwell Science.

2. Vangelist L. Anita, Mark N. Knapp, Inter Personal Communication and Human

Relationships: Third Edition.

3. Bates, A. P. and Julian, J.: Sociology - Understanding Social Behaviour.

4. Phil Lowe Koge Page: Creativity and Problem Solving.

88

5. Dick, Mc Cann & Margerison, Charles: Team Management, 1992 Edition.

6. Geoff Petty: How to be better at creativity?

7. Organizational Behaviour, Davis, K.

89

BBT - 602 ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 40hrs

UNIT 1 : Environmental Biotechnology: Vision and Development 02

Biodiversity, ecology. Pollution control. Agriculture. Bioenergy

UNIT 2 : Biodiversity and Ecology 05

Biosphere. Ecosystem. Natural cycles (Nitrogen, Carbon, Phosphorus, Sulfur).

Energy flow.

UNIT 3 : Environmental Pollution and Control 16

Water pollution. Sources of pollutants. Waste water processing. Advanced

waste water treatment in different industries (Brewery, Petroleum, paper and

pulp). Soil pollution. Sources of pollutants. Bioremediation - In-situ (intrinsic,

genetically engineered), Ex-situ (solid phase treatment slurry phase treatment,

vermicomposting). Air pollution - Sources of pollutants, Removal and control.

Hazardous waste management - Physical treatment, Chemical treatment,

Biological treatment. Xenobiotic compounds and their degradation -

Characteristics of xenobiotic compounds, Examples of xenobiotic compounds,

Mechanism of degradation

UNIT 4 : Environmental Impact Assessment 03

Need and objectives of EIA. Factors involved in EIA. Environmental attributes.

Methods of EIA - Ad-hoc, Overlay, Network, Matrix, Checklist, Cost benefit,

limitations and problems of EIA

UNIT 5 : Global Warming and Green House Effect 02

Reasons for global warming. Technique of Green house effect. Applications of

Green house effect

90

UNIT 6 : Agricultural Biotechnology 08

Pesticides - Insecticides- types, mode of action and applications, Herbicides-

types, mode of action and applications, Fungicides- types, mode of action and

applications. Biopesticides - B. thuringensis- mode of action and applications,

Viral pesticides- example, mode of action and applications, Neem pesticides-

mode of action and applications. Biofertilizers - Nitrogen fixing organisms-

example, mode of action and applications, Phosphorus solublising organisms-

example, mode of action and applications. Genetically modified organisms –

Need, Application, Stress tolerant plants

UNIT 7 : Bioenergy 03

Renewable sources of energy. Biomass as a source of energy. Energy crops –

Production, Applications

UNIT 8 : Integrated Environmental Management (overview) 01

Recommended Books:

1. Environmental Biotechnology; M. H. Fulekar; Oxford & IBH Publishing Company pvt

ltd; 1st

edition

2. Environmental Biotechnology; Dilipkumar Markandey; APH Publishing Corporation;

1st Edition

3. Environmental Biotechnology: theory and applications; G. Evans & J. Furlong; Wiley

& Sons pvt ltd; 1st edition

4. Textbook of Environmental Engineering; P. Venugopal Rao; PHI pvt ltd; 1st edition

5. Environmental Biotechnology; Alan Sragg; Oxford University Press; 2nd

edition

6. Biotechnology; B. D. Singh; Kalyani Publications; 1st edition

7. Water and Waste Water Technology; Hammer & Hammer Jr.; PHI pvt ltd; 4th edition

8. Green House Technology for controlled Environment; G N Tiwary; Narosa Publishing

House; 1stedition

91

BBT - 603 BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY 40hrs

UNIT 1: Introduction to Fermentation process. 02

Upstream Process, Downstream Process, Range of fermentation process,

Component parts of fermentation process

UNIT 2: Media for Industrial fermentations 07

Medium Sterilization. Batch Sterilization: Continuous sterilization, Fermentor

Sterilization, Feed Sterilization, Filter sterilization

UNIT 3: Bioreactor Design 04

Construction material, Aeration and agitation, Sampling/ Feed port, Valves and

steam traps

UNIT 4: Growth kinetics and stoichiometry 06

Batch Culture, Continuous culture, Fed Batch Culture

Stoichiometric calcn: Elemental Balance,Yield coefficient.

UNIT 5: Types of Reactor 04

Stirred tank reactor, Acetators and Cavitators, Air Lift Reactor, Bubble Column

Reactor, Packed Bed Reactor, Fluidized Bed Reactor, Photobioreactor

UNIT 6: Solid state Fermentation 06

Bioreactors in solid state fermentation, Submerged Fermentation

UNIT 7: Process monitoring and control. 02

Physical and chemical sensors for medium and gases, Online/ Offline sensors

UNIT 8: Microbial interactions 06

Effluent treatment, Process Economics, Scale up procedure from lab scale to pilot

scale

92

Recommended Books:

1. Biochemical Engineering (1997) Blanch HW and Clark DS, Marcel Dekker Inc.,

USA.

2. Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology (2007) Najafpour GD, Elsevier,

Netherlands.

3. Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals (1986) (2/e) Bailey JE and Ollis DF,

McGraw-Hill International Editions CES, Singapore.

4. Bioprocess Engineering Principles (1995) Doran PM, Academic Press Ltd, USA.

5. Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts (2002) Shuler ML and Kargi F, Pearson

Education Pvt. Ltd., Singapore.

6. Biotechnology (1993) (2/e) Vols. 3 and 4 Rehm HJ and Reed G, VCH, Germany.

7. Comprehensive Biotechnology Vol. 2 (1985) Moo-Young M, Pergamon Press Ltd.,

UK.

8. Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology (1999) El-Mansi EMT and Bryce

CFA, Taylor and Francis, USA.

9. Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology (1999) (2/e) Demain AL and

Davies, ASM, USA.

10. Principles of Fermentation Technology (1995) (2/e) Stanbury PF, Whitaker A and

Hall SJ, Butterworth-Hienemann Ltd., UK.

93

BBT – 604 ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 40hrs

UNIT 1 : Introduction to animal cell culture 05

Historical Background. In-vitro and in-vivo cell metabolism. In-vitro growth

promoting factors : Physiological and nutritional factors, Growth factors [EGF,

FGF, PDGF, NGF, IGF, CSF, Erythropoietin], Hormones

UNIT 2 : Prerequisites of cell culture 05

Balanced salt solution. Media for culturing cells and tissues – Natural,

Artificial. Sterilization procedures. Bioethical issues related to animal

biotechnology

UNIT 3 : Establishment of Cultures and their maintenance 08

Initiation of primary cultures from anchorage dependant and non- anchorage

dependant cells. Routine maintenance of cultured cells. Detection and

prevention of contamination. Established cell lines- origin and properties and

cell-transformation. Commonly used cell lines- origin and characteristics. Organ

Cultures

UNIT 4 : Analysis of cell growth 03

Growth kinetics of primary and established cultures. Characterization of cell

lines. Measurement of cell death in-vitro

UNIT 5 : Specialized culture techniques 05

In-vitro generation of lymphocytes from embryonic stem cells. Isolation and

culture of skeletal muscle myofibres as means to analyze satellite cells.

Artificial Skin. Culture of human and rat Schwann cells. Long-term

preservation of animal cells/ cell lines.

UNIT 6 : Scaling up of animal cells 02

Bioreactors for monolayer cultures. Bioreactors for suspension cultures.

Immobilized cultures - Immurement cultures, Entrapment cultures

94

UNIT 7 : Applications of animal biotechnology 06

Use of cell culture for production of a regulatory protein. Use of cell culture for

production of a hormone (e.g. Insulin). Use of cell culture for production of

vaccines. Cell hybridization and human hybridization. Use of cell culture in

drug targeting and drug toxicity analysis. Transplantation of cultured cells

UNIT 8 : Stem cell Biotechnology 03

Types and characteristics of stem cells. Culture conditions/equipments essential

for embryonic stem cell cultures. Use of stem cell cultures for treatment of

genetic disorders

UNIT 9 : Transgenic animals 03

Methods of transgenesis. Vectors involved. Biopharmaceutical applications of

transgenic animals.

Recommended books :

1. C. Helgasson; Basic cell culture protocols, 3rd

edition, Human press

2. E. D. Rang, H.P. Dale, M.M. Ritter; Pharmacology, 5th edition

3. J. Mather and d. Barnes; Animal cell culture methods, Elsevier, vol 57

4. J.R.W. Masters; Animal Cell Culture- A practical approach, Oxford university

press

5. J. Paul Basic Protocols in cell and tissue culture

6. M. Butler; Animal cell technology-Principles and products, Open University press

7. M. Butler and M. Dawson, Cell culture lab fax, Bios scientific Pvt. Ltd.

8. M. Cylnes; Animal cell culture techniques, Springer Verlag

9. M.M. Young; Animal Biotechnology, Pergamon press, Oxford

10. N. Jenkins; Animal cell biotechnology-Methods and protocols, Human Press

11. R.I. Freshney; Culture of animal cells: A manual of basic techniques, John Wiley

and sons, 4th

edition.

95

BBT - 605 GENETIC ENGINEERING- II 40hrs

UNIT 1: Production of therapeutic agents: 12

Engineering human interferon and human growth hormone, r-haematopoeitic

growth factors, r-insulin, interleukins, interferon, r-tissue type plsminogen, r-

human deoxyribonuclease, Enzymes – DNAase I and Alginate lyase against

cystic fibrosis., Subunit vaccines –Peptide vaccines, , Atteneuated vaccines –

Vector vaccines.

UNIT 2: Synthesis of commercial products: 04

Restriction endonucleases, Small biomolecules, Ascorbic acid, Biopolymers.

UNIT 3: Application of plant genetic engineering: 12

Developing insect-resistance, disease-resistance and herbicide resistance in plants

and delaying fruit ripening. Developing stress and senescence-tolerance in plants -

oxidative, salt and submergence stress. Genetic manipulation of flower

pigmentation. Developing quality of seed storage. Provitamin A. Modification of

food plant taste and appearance, yield increase in plants, Wild plant relatives as a

source of novel genes, Plants as bioreactor - antibodies, polymers, foreign

proteins in seeds. Genome mapping efforts in rice & maize and its potential

applications

UNIT 4: Forensic medicine 07

Criminal investigation (personal identification), Immigration, Paternity dispute,

Identification of missing children, bodies found in plane crash, road accidents etc,

Varietal identification of plants

96

UNIT 5: Molecular Diagnostics: 07

Importance and advantageous, Hybridization based methods, Reverse

hybridization methods, Diagnostics based on DNA chips and Micro-arrays, PCR

based methods, Diagnosis of Cystic fibrosis by multiplex PCR , Detection of -

Thalassemia mutation using ARMS-PCR, Detection of Fragile X syndrome by

FMR-1 gene trinucleotide repeat analysis, To distinguish patient and donor cells

as different using hypervariable tandem repeat polymorphic DNA markers,

Identification of bacterial species based on the sequences of their 16S ribosomal

RNA genes. Nucleic acid amplification-End-point PCR Qualitative. Real time

PCR Qualitative and Quantitative. SNP based detection: Ligation assay by probe

ligation and amplification (e. g. MLPA). Sequencing based detection

Recommended Books:

1. Comprehensive Biotechnology by Moo-Young, Murray

2. Plant biotechnology In Agriculture : K. Lindsey and M.G.K. Jones (1990),

Prentice hall, New Jersey.

3. Agricultural Biotechnology by Arie Altman. Marcel Dekker, Inc., 270 Madison

Avenue, New. York, USA. 1998. 770 pp

4. Transgenic Plants Vol. 1 & 2 : S-d. Kung and R. Wu (1993), Academic Press,

San Diego

5. Nano Materials by A k Bandyopadhyay, New age International Publisher

6. Plant Cell Culture, Advances in Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology.

Anderson, L.A.,

7. Human Molecular Genetics. Strachan & Read. 3rd Edition.

8. Genetic Engineering and its applications. (2004) 2/e, Joshi. P: Agrobios, India

97

9. Gene Cloning and DNA analysis: An introduction, (2006) 5/e . T. A. Brown,

Black Well Publishing Company.

10. Principles of Gene Manipulation; S. B. Primrose, R. M. Twyman & R. W. old;

Blackwell Science, 6th Edition (2001).

98

BBT - 606 BIOINFORMATICS (II) 40hrs

UNIT 1: Introduction to Biological Databases 05

Database : Types, Overview of Biological Databases and Information retrieval

from biological databases for example (Nucleic acid databases: Genbank, Protein

Databases- Swissprot) Sequence Formats, Sequence storage, Sequence

submission to sequence Database.

UNIT 2: Pairwise Sequence Alignment 15

Alignment Types: Local alignment, Global alignment, Scoring matrices- PAM,

BLOSUM, Gaps, Types of Gaps. Dot Plots. Dynamic programming Approach:

Needleman and Wunsch Algorithm, Smith and waterman Algorithm, Viterbi

Algorithm, Heuristic Approach: BLAST, FASTA.

UNIT 3: Multiple Sequence Alignment: 10

Exhaustive Algorithm- Divide and Conquer alignment, Heuristic Algorithm:

Progressive Alignment- ClustalW, Tcoffee, Iterative Alignment- PRRN, Block

based method- Match-Box, DIALIGN2

UNIT 4: Introduction to Protein Structure Prediction 10

Secondary structure prediction for Globular and Trans-membrane proteins, 3D-

Protein Structure file format: PDB, mmCIF, MMDB, Methods of Tertiary

structure prediction: Threading and fold recognition methods, Homology

modeling, Fold recognition databases.

Recommended Books:

1. Introduction to Bioinformatics – Teresa Atwood and David J.Parry, Pearson smith

publication 1st edition (2003)

2. Fundamental Concepts of Bioinformatics - Dan E. Krane, Michael L. Raymer,

Pearson education First edition (2004)

3. Sequence structure and Database – Des Higgins, Willice Taylor, oxford press 1st

edition (2003)

99

4. Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins, by

Andreas D. Baxevanis, B. F. Francis Ouellette, Wiley-Interscience, 3rd Edition,

2004

5. Sequence and Genome Analysis by David W. Mount - Cold Spring Harbor

Laboratory 1st edition ;2004

6. Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics;by Jonathan Pevsner;Wiley-Liss 1st

edition, 2003

7. Introduction to Bioinformatics; Arthur M. Lesk; Oxford University Press, 2003

100

Practical I

1. Lab design, sterilization procedures, media preparation for ATC and

cryopreservation

2. Primacy culture from chick embryo

3. Characterization of cell line

4. Isolation & cultivation of lymphocytes

5. Estimation of BOD and COD of effluent water

6. DNA amplification using PCR: RAPD, Single locus

7. Cloning of genomic DNA or PCR product in the host bacterium

8. Separation and isolation of PCR product on/from agarose gel

9. Transfer of DNA fragments from agarose gel to nylon membrane and

detection using chemiluminence (Southern blot)

10. Detection of genetic variation among the DNA using RFLP

101

Practical II

1. Study of Databases and Data retrieval:

i. Genome Databases,

ii. Sequence Database,

iii. Secondary Databases,

2. Database Similarity Search BLAST AND FASTA PROGRAMS.

3. PSI/ PHI -BLAST

4. Multiple sequences Alignment using ClustalW.

5. Phylogenetic Analysis using Clustalw and Phylip software.

6. Profile Analysis, Motif searching against Motif databases.

7. Rasmol (3D structure visualisation)

8. Protein Manipulation using SPDBV

9. Introduction to modeller

10. Homology modelling using modeller, and swiss model

11. UNIX Commands

12. Different versions of Linux

102

BBT – 701 PRINCIPLES OF DRUG ACTION, MODELING AND DESIGN

40hrs

UNIT 1 : Principle of Drug Action 07

Basic Principles Drug Action, Drug Interactions. Pharmacodynamics and

Pharmacokinetics. Drug Metabolism. Drug Evaluation and Regulation.

Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology. Cholinoceptor-Activating and

Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Drugs. Cholinoceptor Blockers and Cholinesterase

Regenerators. Sympathomimetics, Adrenoceptor Blockers.

UNIT 2 : Cardiovascular and Bronchodilators 07

Cardiovascular Drugs. Diuretic Agents. Histamine, Serotonin, and the Ergot

Alkaloids. Vasoactive Peptides. Prostaglandins and Eicosanoids. Nitric Oxide,

Donors, and Inhibitors. Bronchodilators

UNIT 3 : CNS 07

Drugs That Act in the Central Nervous System. Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs,

Alcohols. Antiseizure Drugs. General Anesthetics, Local Anesthetics. Drugs

Used in Parkinsonism & Other Movement Disorders. Antipsychotic Drugs &

Lithium, Antidepressants. Opioid Analgesics & Antagonists. Drugs of Abuse

UNIT 4 : NSAIDS and Hormones 07

Agents Used in Anemia and Hematopoietic Growth Factors. Drugs Used in

Coagulation Disorders. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemias.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones.

Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs. Corticosteroids and Antagonists. Gonadal

Hormones and Inhibitors. Pancreatic Hormones, Antidiabetic Agents and

Hyperglycemic Drugs. Drugs that Affect Bone Mineral Homeostasis

UNIT 5: Chemotherapeutic Agents 07

Beta-Lactam Antibiotics and Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors. Aminoglycosides.

Antimycobacterial Drugs, Antifungal Agents. Antiviral Chemotherapy and

103

Prophylaxis. Antiparasitic Chemotherapy, Antiprotozoal Drugs. Anthelmintic

Drugs. Cancer Chemotherapy. Immunopharmacology. Vaccines, Immune

Globulins, and Complex Biologic Products. Vitamins, Heavy Metals and

Chelating Agents

UNIT 6 : Modeling Methods 05

MO Theory. Empirical Methods. Geometric Optimization. Conformational

Space-searching Algorithms and FEP. Global minimum problem. Simulated

Annealing. Dynamic Monte Carlo Simulation. Docking simulations of host-

guest complexes

UNIT 7 : AI-based drug design support system 05

The Castlemaine Project. Role of AI techniques in Castlemaine project. Various

Computational methods for drug design. Expert Systems. Computer Languages

for AI applications. QSAR and Multivariate QSAR

Recommended books :

1. Medical Pharmacology at a Glance, Michael J. Neal, ISBN: 978-1-4051-3360-9,

John Wiley and Sons India Pvt. Ltd.

2. Pharmacology: From Drug Development to Gene Therapy, Robert A. Meyers,

ISBN: 978-3-527-32343-2, John Wiley and Sons India Pvt. Ltd.

3. Essentials of Pharmacotherapeutics, Barar FSK, ISBN: 8121904447, S Chand &

Company Ltd

4. Current Trends in Pharmacology, Arunabha Ray and Kavita Gulati,

ISBN:8188237779, I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd

5. The Textbook of Pharmaceutical Medicine, John P. Griffin, New Age

International (P) Ltd., Publishers

6. An Introduction to Drug Design, S.N. Pandeya, ISBN : 978-81-224-0943-7, New

Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers

7. Medical Pharmacology at a Glance, M.J. Neal, New Age International (P) Ltd.,

Publishers

104

8. Katzung and Trevor's Review of Pharmacology, Anthony Trevor, Bertram

Katzung, Susan Masters, ISBN13: 9780071488693, McGraw-Hill

9. Modern Pharmacology with Clinical Applications, Charles R Craig and Robert E

Stitzel, ISBN-13: 978-0-7817-3762-3, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

10. Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology, ISBN-10: 0-7817-7155-2,

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

11. Molecular Modelling and Drug Design, J. G. Vinter, Mark Gardner, ISBN-13:

978-0849377723, CRC presss.

105

BBT - 702 BIOTECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 40hrs

UNIT 1: Project Management in Biotechnology 23

Basic concepts and definations, steps in hi-tech BT-projects, Goal setting and

establishing milestones for BT projects, Network analysis and generic quantitative

techniques, Monitoring of project progress through self and peer assessment,

Fundamentals of time value of money and cost management, Holistic approach to

projects-technical and non technical dimensions, Planning communication-

technical and non technical in projects management, Organization, coordination,

integration of different activities in the project

UNIT 2: Regulatory affairs in Biotechnology 10

US regulatory authority, rules regulations, Europe regulatory authority, rules

regulations, Compliance for Export.

UNIT 3: Concept of GLP and GMP 07

Different GLP and GMP practices across US and Europe

Recommended Books:

1. Best Practices in Biotechnology Business Development: Valuation, Licensing,

Cash Flow, Pharmacoeconomics, Market Selection, Communication, and

Intellectual Property by Yali Friedman

2. Building Biotechnology: Business, Regulations, Patents, Law, Politics, Science

by Yali Friedman

3. Building Biotechnology: Starting, Managing, and Understanding

Biotechnology Companies - Business Development, Entrepreneurship, Careers,

Investing, Science, Patents and Regulations by Yali Friedman

4. The Business of Biotechnology by Yali Friedman

5. Best Practices in Biotechnology Education by Yali Friedman

6. Pocket Biotech Industry Primer by Yali Friedman

7. Project Management- Managerial approach by Jack R. Merediph, willey India

ltd.

106

BBT - 703 DOWN STREAM PROCESSING 40hrs

UNIT 1 : Introduction to down stream processing 03

Role and Importance of downstream processing in Biotechnological processes,

Characterization of Fermentation broth

UNIT 2 : Release of Intracellular Components 06

Mechanical Cell Disruption, Cell Disruption by bead Mill, Cell Disruption by

Homogenizer, Nonmechanical Cell Disruption, Enzymatic Cell Lysis, Chemical

Cell Lysis, Physical Cell Lysis

UNIT 3 : Solid Liquid Separation 06

Filtration, Introduction to filtration, filtermedia, Types of filters, Fundamentals

for Pressure Filtration (Darcy Law), Sedimentation - Introduction to

Sedimentation, Fundamentals of sedimentation Rate (Stokes Law).

Centrifugation - Introduction to Centrifugation, Types of Centrifuges,

Fundamentals of centrifugation (Modified Stokes Law).

UNIT 4 : Concentration of Products I 08

Evaporation – Introduction, Types of evaporators. Extraction - Introduction to

Liquid liquid extraction, Extraction Fundamental, Phase Equilibrium and

distribution, Aqueous Two Phase extraction, Supercritical fluid extraction.

Membrane Processes - Fundamentals of membrane separation, Ultafiltration,

Reverse Osmosis, Cross Flow Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration, Diafiltration.

UNIT 5 : Concentration of Products II 06

Precipitation - Fundamentals of protein precipitation, Precipitation Techniques -

Isoelectric precipitation, Salting Out/ Salting In, Precipitation with organic

solvents, Precipitation with Organic Polymers, Dialysis, Electrodialysis.

107

UNIT 6 : Purification 08

General Chromatographic theory. Zone spreading, resolution, plate height

Concept. Adsorption Chromatography, Ion Exchange chromatography, Gel

Filtration Chromatography, Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography, Affinity

Chromatography.

UNIT 7 :Crystallization 01

UNIT 8 : Drying 01

Lyophilization, Spray drying, Tray Drying.

UNIT 9 : Economics of downstream Processing 01

Recommended Books:

11. Comprehensive Biotechnology Vol. 2 (1985) Moo-Young M, Pergamon Press Ltd.,

UK.

12. Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology (1999) El-Mansi EMT and Bryce

CFA, Taylor and Francis, USA.

13. Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology (1999) (2/e) Demain AL and

Davies, ASM, USA.

14. Principles of Fermentation Technology (1995) (2/e) Stanbury PF, Whitaker A and

Hall SJ, Butterworth-Hienemann Ltd., UK.

15. Biotechnology: Text Book of Industrial Microbiology; Walf Crueger and A.

Crueger; Panima Publishing Corp. 2nd

Edition (2004).

16. Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts (2002) Shuler ML and Kargi F, Pearson

Education Pvt. Ltd., Singapore.

17. Biotechnology (1993) (2/e) Vols. 3 and 4 Rehm HJ and Reed G, VCH, Germany.

108

BBT – 704 IPR, BIOSAFETY, BIOETHICS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

40hrs

UNIT 1 : IPR 17

General Overview of Intellectual Property Rights, WIPO, WTO, Trade Related

Intellectual Property Rights. Patent- Basic requirements of Patentability,

Patentable Subject Matter, Procedure For Obtaining Patent, Provisional and

Complete Specification. Copyright-Objectives of copyright , Rights conferred

by registration of copyright , Infringement of copyright. Trademarks-Basic

Principles of Trademark , Rights conferred by Registration of Trademark ,

Infringement of Trademark. Geographical Indications-Objectives of

Geographical Indications , Rights conferred , Infringement of Geographical

Indications , International Position , Indian Position, Bioprospecting and

Biopiracy. GATT Farmers rights, plant breedeis right.

UNIT 2 : Biosafety and Bioethics 11

Biosafety and Bioethics Management-Key to environmentally responsible use

of biotechnology. Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, Ethical implications of

Biotechnological products and techniques. Contempory ethics of healthcare.

Ethical aspects of hazardous worte and toxic substance. Ethical aspects of

scientific publishing.

UNIT 3 : Entrepreneurship 12

Need, scope and characteristics of entrepreneurship management of self and

understanding human behaviour, business ethics, performance appraisal, and

(SWOT) analysis. Market survey techniques - Criteria for the principles of

product selection and development. Elements of Marketing and Sales

Management - Nature of product and market strategy, Packaging and

advertising, After Sales Service, Pricing techniques. Financial institutions,

financial incentives, books of accounts and financial statements. Technical

feasibility of the project, plant layout & process planning for the product,

109

Quality Control, Critical Path Method (CPM) and Project Evaluation Review

Techniques (PERT) as planning tools for establishing SSI.

Recommended Books:

1. Entrepreneurship: New Venture Creation, David H. Holt

2. Patterns of Entrepreneurship : Jack M. Kaplan

3. Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management: C.B. Gupta, S.S. Khanka,

Sultan Chand

110

BBT 705: Functional Genomics / High throughput Research Tools 40Hrs

UNIT 1 : Genomics 08

History of Genomics. The Genomics project. Biotechnology and Genomics in

Medicine. From Recombinant DNA to Molecular Medicine. The Human

Genome Project. Genomics and the Challenge of Infectious Disease. Analyzing

And Treating Genetic Diseases.

UNIT 2 : Transcriptomics 08

Introduction. History. The Human Transcriptome Project. Transcriptomics

Strategies. Transcriptomics Technologies. Applications.

UNIT 3: Transgenomics 08

Introduction. History. Trans-NIH Mouse Initiatives. Transgenomics Strategies.

Transgenomics Technologies. Applications

UNIT 4 : Toxicogenomics 08

Introduction. History. The Human Toxicogenome Project. Toxicogenome

Strategies. Toxicogenome Technologies. Applications.

UNIT 5 : Proteomics 08

Introduction. History. Key Technologies. Prokaryotic Proteomics. Eukaryotic

Proteomics. Current Strategies. Applications

Recommended Books:

1. Genomics: Applications in Human Biology, Sandy B. Primrose, Richard

Twyman, ISBN: 978-1-4051-0819-5, Wiley-Blackwell.

2. Frontiers in Computational Genomics, Michael Y. Galperin and Eugene V.

Koonin, ISBN: 978-0-9542464-4-0, Caister Academic Press.

3. The Dictionary of Genomics, Transcriptomics and Proteomics, Guenter Kahl,

ISBN: 978-3-527-32073-8, Wiley.

111

4. Transcriptomics, Somnath Tagore and Virendra S. Gomase, ISBN-10:

1848290217, Anshan Ltd & Ane Books India (April 2009).

5. Omics: An approach for drug targets, Virendra S. Gomase and Somnath Tagore,

Himalaya Publication Pvt.Ltd (May 2009).

6. Introduction to Proteomics: Tools for the New Biology, Daniel C. Liebler, ISBN:

0 89603-991-9, Totowa, NJ:Humana Press, Inc.

7. Proteomics- Theory and Practice, Gomase V.S. And Chikhale N.J., Himalaya

Publication House, India, 2008

8. An Introduction to Toxicogenomics, Michael E. Burczynski, ISBN: 0-8493-1334-

1, FL:CRC Press.

112

BBT – 706 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC WRITING

40hrs

UNIT 1 : Methodology and Literature collection

Introduction to Research Methodology - Meaning of Research, Objective of

Research, Significance, Type of Research: Basic, Applied, Research

Approaches, Research Methods versus Methodology, Research and Scientific

method, Criterions of good Research, Problems / Bottlenecks faced by

Researchers. Defining the Research Problem. Literature collection - Need of

review of literature, Review process and Review Reading, Discriminative

Reading, Consulting Source material. Literature citation - Different Systems of

citing Reference:- Name – Year System citation in the text, Name – Year

System – List of Reference, Citing Reference in the text, Alphabet – Number

System, Journal Abbreviation.

UNIT 2 : Research, Data collection and Analysis.

Research Design - Meaning, Need of Design, Feature of good Design, Different

Principle of Experimental Design. Sample Collection - Step in Sampling Design,

Criteria of Selecting a Sampling Procedure, Different types of Sample Design,

Random Sample, Complex Random Sample. Data Collection - Primary Data

Collection, Observation, Interview, Collection through Questionnaires/Schedules,

Secondary data collection, Case study method. Processing and Analysis of data -

Processing operation, Type of Analysis, Simple Regression Analysis, Partial

Correlation, etc.

UNIT 3 : Scientific Writing

Interpretation and Report Writing. Meaning of Interpretation. Techniques of

Interpretation. Precaution of Interpretation. Significance of Report Writing. Step

in Report Writing. Types of Report Writing. Component of a Research Report -

Title, Authors, Abstract, Summary, Synopsis, Key Words, Introduction, MM,

Result, Discussion, Acknowledgements, Appendixes, references, Plagiarism.

Use of Table / Figures in Report Writing - Need, Introduction and Placement of

113

Table / figure, Numbering, Box Heading, Caption photographs. Formatting and

Typing – Introduction, Margins, Spacing, Alignment, Fonts, etc., Format of

Thesis.

Recommended Books:

1. Research Methodology for Biological Sciences (2006), N. Gurumani MJP

Publishers

2. Research Methodology : Methods and Techniques. 2nd

Edition

C.R.Kothari, New age international Publishers 2004

3. Research methods for the bioscience: 2006 International Student Edition.

Oxford University Press, Edition, D. Holmes, P. Moody, D. Dine.

ISBN – 13 : 978-0-19-568631-9

114

Practical I

1. Isolation of amylase from fungal source

2. Purification methods.

a. Ammonium sulphate precipitation

b. Dialysis

c. Gel Filtration

3. Electrophoresis of purified amylase

4. Data analysis and report writing of amylase purification

5. Study of Bioreactor

a. Sterilization

b. Working

c. Preparation of Fermentation medium

d. Run of any standard Fermentation

115

Practical II

1. Data analysis and data management tools in preclinical development

2. Statistical modeling in pharmaceutical research

3. Study of Secondary metabolites from Medicinal Plants

4. Pharmacophore Modeling

5. Ligand Libraries and Screening

6. High Throughput Screening for Pharmacogenetics

7. Clinical data collection and management

8. Databases of Chemical Structures

9. Databases on Chemical Reactions

10.Protein-ligand free energy predictions for drug discovery

11.Molecular libraries for synthesis

12.Computational optimization of biopharmaceutical properties

13.Computer simulations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics