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Preface Ⅰ. Introduction

Ⅱ. Comparison of legislations in each country

Ⅲ. Conclusion

Ⅳ.Summary of internship activity

(Memory of OIE)

Epilogue

PPrreeffaaccee The author of this report, Dr Min-Hye Lee, worked as an intern in the International Trade

department of OIE from 29 March 2008 to 19 June 2008.

Dr Lee holds a Master degree of Veterinary Medicine from Seoul University and has worked

at National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service of the Korean Ministry for Food,

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries for the last twelve years. Most recently she has been

engaged in the area of quarantine affairs at NVRQS.

This work is the realization of a childhood ambition for Dr Lee to work with animals. Her

keen childhood interest in animals led to her joining the Korean Animal Protection Society

when she entered high school. Through this she developed a strong interest in the welfare of

animals which in turn led to her decision to enter veterinary college and qualify as a

veterinarian.

There has been a considerable evolution in the attitude of the Korean people towards the

welfare of animals in the last two decades. Unlike the time when Dr Lee was a member of the

Korean Animal Protection Society, when a broad concept loving animals was prevalent,

people in Korea now recognize that the happiness and welfare of animals is directly

connected with human welfare, and a concept of animal protection focused on the

harmonious life of animals and humans is being stressed.

In taking up an OIE internship with support of the Korean government Dr Lee had the

opportunity to study advanced concepts of animal welfare that were established earlier than

Korea’s. In carrying out studies of detailed plans that benefit both humans and animals her

objective was to play a role for animal welfare and firmly establish a concept of animal

welfare which suits the current situation in Korea. At the same time, the Korean government

has recognized that animal welfare is an essential issue in Korea and is taking the first steps

to move forward in that area.

.

ⅠⅠ.. IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn

Background: OIE and animal welfare Animal welfare was first identified as a priority in the OIE Strategic Plan 2001-2005. OIE Member Countries and Territories mandated the organisation to take the lead internationally on animal welfare and, as the international reference organisation for animal health, to develop recommendations and guidelines covering animal welfare practices, and reaffirm that animal health is a key component of animal welfare. The Permanent Animal Welfare Working Group was inaugurated at the 70th General Session of the OIE in May 2002 and the first recommendations of the Working Group were adopted one year later. The OIE Guiding Principles on animal welfare were included in the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code (Terrestrial Code) in 2004. The OIE convened the First Global Conference on Animal Welfare in February 2004. As well as the Veterinary Services in OIE Member Countries and Territories, the Conference targeted livestock producers and other players (e.g. meat processors) in the meat sector, veterinary practitioners and international non-governmental organisations (NGOs) working in animal welfare. The main objective of the Conference was to raise awareness of, and to explain, OIE's animal welfare initiative. At its 73rd General Session, in May 2005, the OIE International Committee (comprising the National Delegates of the Member Countries and Territories) adopted five animal welfare standards to be included in the OIE Terrestrial Code. These cover:

• the transport of animals by land • the transport of animals by sea • the transport of animals by air • the slaughter of animals for human consumption • the killing of animals for disease control purposes.

Under the current Strategic Plan, for the period 2006-2010, OIE will continue to develop international standards and guidelines in accordance with the direction established in 2004. OIE will hold a Second Global Conference on Animal Welfare in Cairo (Egypt) on 20-22 October 2008. With this conference the OIE wishes to support its Members, especially in-transition and developing countries, to implement the OIE standards and thereby to improve animal welfare. The involvement of veterinarians and official veterinary services is key to

improving animal welfare. The Conference has a strong practical orientation. OIE and partner organisations will review progress made by Members, Veterinary Services, livestock producers and the other players in the meat sector in the implementation of OIE's animal welfare standards. Future developments Notwithstanding the progress made to date, there are still many challenges and OIE continues to develop its standard setting work into new areas of importance to animal welfare. In 2007, OIE was in the process of finalising Guidelines for the Control of Stray Dog Populations. This work falls within OIE mandates for animal health, public health and animal welfare, as it addresses humane methods for the control of dog populations and the prevention of important zoonotic diseases, such as rabies and hydatidosis, in communities. OIE is convening new ad hoc Groups to address Laboratory Animal Welfare and Livestock Production Systems. Draft texts elaborated by these Groups will be reviewed by the Permanent Animal Welfare Working Group and the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Code Commission before transmission to Members for comment, then for approval, in accordance with the democratic and transparent OIE procedure for standard setting. Reports of ad hoc Groups are generally included as annexes to the reports of the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Code Commission. This Commission meets twice a year and the reports are placed on the OIE internet site (normally in November and April).

Outline of this report This report is a comparison of the animal welfare regulations in different countries. The countries considered are: The United States of America, New Zealand, Canada, Australia, the European Union, Malaysia and the Philippines. The following aspects of animal welfare in each country are are considered in the comparison: Compulsory regulations; voluntary regulations; penalties relating to breaches of animal welfare standards; and the level of detail with which different animal species are treated in the regulatuions When comparing the regulations in developed countries with those in developing countries it was found that regulations in developing countries contain only very basic policy information about animal welfare. More detailed information about their animal welfare policies was not easy to find. It could be assumed that many developing countries are just starting to recognize the importance of animal welfare and only starting to develop more substantial regulations now.

Ⅱ.Comparison of legislations in each country Summary of legislation USA Federal legislation Animal Welfare Act • Minimum standards of care and treatment to be provided for certain animals bred for commercial

sale, used in research, transported commercially, or exhibited to the public. Individuals who

operate facilities in these categories must provide their animals with adequate care and

treatment in the areas of housing, handling, sanitation, nutrition, water, veterinary care, and

protection from extreme weather and temperatures.

• Regulates the care and treatment of warm blooded animals, except those such as farm animals,

used for food , fiber, or other agricultural purposes.

State legislation • Each state has the legislation concerning animal cruelty. Example of voluntary codes (Animal Welfare Institute ) • General principles of environmental enrichment & shelter - All animals shall be allowed to behave naturally. The infliction of pain and fear are strictly prohibited. The

major benefits of these standards are increased space available to each animal and the increased opportunity

for social interaction, comfort, and physical and psychological well-being.

- All animals must have dry, clean bedding for comfort, health, warmth, insulation from cold or

wet floors and dirt, occupation, and cleanliness.

- The environment and shelter for animals shall be designed to allow the animals to behave

naturally. Animals shall be able to perform behaviours essential to the animal’s psychological

and physical health and well- being. The system must be fitted to the animals, rather than

the animal fitted to the system.

- Close confinement that prevents an animal from walking and turning around

is prohibited unless briefly required for vaccination, weighing, feeding,

marking or veterinary procedures.

• Species - Cattle(dairy/beef) - pigs - chicken - ducks - rabbit

- sheep - turkey - geese

• Scope of the code

Housing, diet, water, handling, euthanasia, genetic, space requirement, bedding, inspection,

weaning, Health & veterinary, loading/unloading, transport, breeding and origin of stock, positive health

management and record keeping, protection from predators

* The scope may be different for each species.

• Examples of Housing

- Cattle shall be fed from bunkers set on pasture lands or in a sheltered area, in all but the most

severe weather conditions. Sufficient access to the bunker shall be provided to allow group

feeding and availability to all members of the herd regardless of their position in the social

hierarchy.

- Shelter should provide:

o Protection from the wind, sleet and heavy snows.

o A source of heat. This can be provided by a properly maintained deep bedding pack.

o Sufficient space for all animals in the herd to lie down, (respecting the social hierarchy of the herd).

o A mechanism for feeding cattle and providing water in a sheltered environment in extreme weather.

• Example of Management - In the event an animal suffers accidental injury on the farm or ranch the animal

shall receive immediate individual treatment designed to minimize pain and

suffering, including veterinary treatment if immediate relief cannot be provided by

the farmer.

• Examples of Feed & Water - All animals shall have access to water at all times. Where piping is required, the system should

be checked regularly.

- Animals shall have a feeding plan that will guarantee sufficiently varied and well balanced diet

through the year as well as their lifecycle.

- Periodic testing of pasture nutritional content is necessary as the nutrient value of pastures can

vary with the weather, age of the plant, and overall condition of the pastures. Learning how

these patterns operate on an individual farm is critical to the success of a grazing

management system.

New Zealand The Animal Welfare Act 1999 • Includes all animals (excludes shellfish)

• Definition of physical, health, and behavioural needs

- In this Act, the term physical, health, and behavioural needs, in relation to an animal, includes—

o Proper and sufficient food and water:

o Adequate shelter:

o Opportunity to display normal patterns of behaviour:

o Physical handling in a manner which minimises the likelihood of unreasonable or

unnecessary pain or distress:

o Protection from, and rapid diagnosis of, any significant injury or disease,—

being a need which, in each case, is appropriate to the species, environment, and circumstances of the

animal.

• Giving certain legal power to animal welfare inspector, auxiliary officers and veterinarians.

•Penalties - A person who commits an offence against Act is liable on summary conviction,—

o In the case of an individual, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to a fine

not exceeding $25,000 or to both; or

o In the case of a body corporate to a fine not exceeding $125,000.

Codes of Welfare -2003

• According to the Act,

- Purpose of code

To establish procedures for the development, issue, amendment, review, and

revocation of codes of welfare that:

o Relate to animals that are owned by any person or are in the charge of any person; and

o Establish minimum standards with regard to the way in which persons care for such animals

and conduct themselves towards such animals; and

o Include recommendations on the best practice to be observed by persons in caring for such

animals and in conducting themselves towards such animals.

- Contents

A code of welfare may relate to one or more of the following:

o A species of animal

o Animals used for purposes specified in the code

o Animal establishments of a kind specified in the code

o Types of entertainment specified in the code (being types of entertainment in which animals

are used)

o The transport of animals

o The procedures and equipment used in the management, care, or killing of animals or in the

carrying out of surgical procedures on animals.

• Key principles: The following section headings should be used for species-specific codes:

- Food and water.

- Shelter and other facilities (housing, lighting, ventilation, feed pads, yards, races).

- Husbandry practices (to include physical handling and expressions of normal behaviour).

- disease and injury control. * The scope may be different for each species. • Minimum Standards Food/Feed

- Animals should receive a daily diet in adequate quantities and containing adequate

nutrients to meet their requirements for good health and well being.

- When considering the amount of food and nutrients animals require, a number of

factors need to be taken into account:

o physiological state: newborn/young animals, growth, maintenance, pregnancy and lactation

o extensive or intensive management systems (in the case of production animals)

o nutritional composition of feed

o age

o sex

o size

o body condition

o state of health

o quality of diet

o growth rate

o previous feeding levels

o feeding frequency

o terrain – in the case of production animals

o genetic effects of strain or breed

o level of activity and exercise

o maximum periods of food deprivation (e.g. during transportation)

o introduction of new feeds

o climatic factors (e.g. inclement weather, droughts)

Water Minimum standards should require continuous access to water that is not contaminated or deleterious to

health. Where there are limitations on the ability of animals to drink, e.g. during transportation, minimum

standards should specify water requirements.

Animal health Codes of welfare must address the obligation of “Protection from, and rapid diagnosis of, any significant injury

or disease” (section 4 of the Act). It is suggested that, as a minimum, three general elements need to be covered

in the minimum standards to address this obligation.

Appropriate preventative measures or strategies should be in place (e.g. breeding for facial eczema resistance,

rotational grazing, vaccination, hygiene), to reduce the likelihood of infectious and parasitic diseases and injury.

People caring for animals must be able to recognise early signs of disease, distress or injury which can

compromise welfare.

Appropriate action must be taken when animals are sick or injured (treatment, separation from other animals,

veterinary care, humane killing).

- An example of a minimum standard that may be appropriate: People caring for animals must check regularly for early signs of disease, distress or injury which can compromise animal welfare (specify frequency according to species/ environment/ circumstances).

Minimum standards should deal in a general way with protective/prophylactic measures, recognition of the

signs of illness or injury, and the appropriate treatment.

Additional detail relating to aspects such as the signs of illness, indicators for veterinary treatment, and

common illnesses can be included, probably most appropriately in the general information section, if short.

Important information that is longer than one page should be placed in an appendix.

Be mindful of the impact of minimum standards on alternative production methods.

Shelter - Assessment of what is “adequate” takes into account the species concerned, and the

environment and circumstances of the animal. In some cases, it may be considered adequate for no shelter to

be provided. For example, cattle may not need shelter in winter in northern parts of New Zealand. However,

shelter from hot sun is probably needed in summer for these same animals. The converse may be true for

cattle in southern parts of New Zealand. The effect is that some form of shelter should probably be available

in most areas in New Zealand where animals are held outdoors throughout the year.

• Available reports -Broiler chickens -Circuses -Companion cats -Deer -Layer hens

-Pigs -Rodeos -Zoos

Canada Federal legislation • Federally, three pieces of legislation provide humane protection for livestock (see Table below).

F e d e r a l

Act Enforcement Scope

Criminal Code (Section

446 – Cruelty to animals)

• Police Officers

• Some SPCA constables

• Prohibits cruelty to animals that

is willful or without lawful

excuse.

Health of Animals Act • CFIA inspectors

• Some SPCA constables

trained by CFIA

• Police Officers

• Measures to protect animals

from undue suffering during

transport and loading.

Meat Inspection Act • CFIA inspectors

• Police Officers

• Some measures to

protect food animals during

handling and slaughter in

federally registered slaughter

facilities

Fines and penalties provided for in the legislation were difficult to summarise. However the following is an example.

Every one who wilfully

(a) kills, maims, wounds, poisons or injures cattle, or

(b) places poison in such a position that it may easily be consumed by cattle,

is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years

Provincial welfare acts

Each province has legislation concerning animal welfare. Provincial legislation and regulations tend to be

general in scope, covering a wide range of animal welfare interests. Some provinces have regulations governing

specific aspects or pertaining to certain species.

Recommended national voluntary codes (from 1988) - Drafted under the auspices of the Canadian Agri-Food Research Council by producer

organizations (since 2005 the codes have been one of the responsibilities of the National Farm Animal Care

Council).

• Scope - Beef/ Bison - Dairy Cattle - Deer - Horses - Mink - Pigs - Poultry - Layer - Chicken, Turkey and Breeders from Hatchery to Processing Plant - Sheep - Veal Calves • Should be regularly reviewed (every 5 years)

• Basic acceptable practices- “musts” / recommendation-“shoulds” • Critical issues (housing, feed, health) should be addressed in the codes for each species. • The following is a list of issues to be included in each Code:

o Accommodation/Housing/Handling Facilities

o Food and Water

o Management (including young and cull animals/poultry)

o Health (e.g., record keeping, lameness, condition scoring, sick and injured animals)

o Transportation

o Euthanasia

o Husbandry/Stockmanship

* The scope may be different for each species.

• Examples of Housing

o Cattle

- The design and use of shelter facilities for beef cattle should promote the health,

well-being and good performance of animals at all stages of their lives.

- Natural or constructed shelter areas should adequately protect animals from

weather fluctuations characteristic of the region.

o Poultry

- Housing facilities should be prepared to receive the chickens at the time of their

arrival. The brooding area should be cleaned and disinfected, and the heating equipment should be

operating at the level necessary to maintain an environmental temperature suitable for chicks.

- Chicken flocks should be observed and monitored at least twice a day.

• Examples of Management

o Cattle: - Everyone working with cattle or managing animal facilities must understand and accept their responsibility

to prevent unnecessary suffering of animals.

- An important skill of cattlemen is the ability to recognize early signs of distress or disease in animals so

that the cause can be identified and prompt, appropriate action taken.

o Poultry:

- To minimize excitement of the chickens, attendants working with the same groups of chickens should wear

clothing of uniform appearance during the whole production cycle. Activities of attendants should be

consistent and performed according to a schedule.

- Beak trimming (chickens), should be carried out only by highly competent, trained individuals.

Particular attention must be paid to selection and adjustment of the equipment and to its maintenance.

Beak trimming should ideally take place prior to 14 days of age

• Examples of Feed and Water

o Cattle: - Adequate feed must be provided regularly.

- When cattle are fed in groups, all animals must have access to feed. Whenever restricted

feeding is practiced, all animals should have simultaneous access to the feeders so that they

may eat at the same time.

- Drinking water must be available at all times. It should be fresh and free from contamination.

o Poultry:

- Aggressive behaviour may occur when chickens are forced to compete for inadequate resources.

To avoid this, make sure layers are provided with enough feeding and watering space and an adequate and

predictable supply of feed and water. Feed formulations should reflect the different stage growth of birds

and housing system used.

Australia In Australia, under the Constitution, each state and territory is responsible for its own animal welfare legislation. The Commonwealth has limited jurisdiction in this area, dealing with the export of animals and animal products. Animal welfare legislation of each state

• Australian Capital Territory — Animal Welfare Act 1992

• New South Wales — Animals Act 1997, Exhibited Animals Protection Act 1986, Animal Research Act 1985

• Northern Territory — Animal Welfare Act 2001

• South Australia — Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1985

• Tasmania — Animal Welfare Act 1993

• Victoria — Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1986

• Western Australia — Animal Welfare Act 2002

• Queensland—Animal Care and Protection Act 2001

• Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry Australia — Livestock Export Orders Livestock Export Accreditation Programme

• Each Australian state and territory government should enact legislation, under the Animal Welfare Act or equivalent, to prevent cruelty to animals, and to further animal welfare by:

o Promoting the responsible care and use of animals, and protecting animals from cruelty and neglect.

o Defining acceptable standards of animal care and use, and providing a mechanism for enforcement of these standards.

• Coverage

- All live vertebrates (except humans) and prescribed invertebrates.

• Cruelty

- The Act should list:

o Acts of commission that must not be done to an animal

o Acts of omission which if done to an animal will result in pain and suffering, and

o Other specified unacceptable uses of animals.

• Statutory Rules (Regulations)

- The Act should provide for the making of Statutory Rules (Regulations) that enable:

o The Act to cover the declaration of any non-vertebrate species

o The accreditation of an animal welfare society whose officers may be appointed as inspectors under the Act, and

o The better administration and implementation of the Act.

Example of statutory rules • New South Wales - Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1979 • Coverage

- Vertebrate species

o amphibians

o birds

o fish

o mammals (other than a humans)

o reptiles

Crustaceans but only when at a building or place (such as a restaurant) where food is prepared or offered for consumption by retail sale in the building or place.

• Animals to be provided with food, drink or shelter

o A person in charge of an animal shall not fail to provide the animal with food, drink or shelter, or any of them, which, in each case, is proper and sufficient and which it is reasonably practicable in the circumstances for the person to provide.

o In any proceedings for an offence against subsection (1), evidence that an animal was not provided

with clean water during a period of 24 hours is evidence that the person accused of the offence has failed to provide the animal with proper and sufficient drink during that period.

o In any proceedings for an offence against subsection (1), evidence that an animal was not provided with food or shelter during a period of 24 hours (or, in the case of an animal of a class prescribed by the regulations, during the period prescribed for that class of animal) is evidence that the person accused of the offence has failed to provide the animal with proper and sufficient food or shelter during that period.

• Confined animals to be exercised

o A person in charge of an animal which is confined shall not fail to provide the animal with adequate

exercise.

• Maximum penalty

o 250 penalty units in the case of a corporation and 50 penalty units or imprisonment for 6 months, or both in the case of an individual

Model codes of practice for the welfare of Animals • Coverage

o Cattle o Poultry o Pigs o Buffalo o Ostriches o Emus o Rabbit o Horse

o Goat o Sheep

• It is not an offence if animals are not kept precisely as specified in the Codes but referencing them makes them admissible in proceedings for a related offence in the State’s Act or regulations.

• Even if a code is not referenced into the State’s Regulation, it is still regarded as the minimum standard by which livestock should be kept

* The scope may be different for each species.

• Range

Housing, space allowance, ventilation, lighting, health & distress, food, water, management practice, precautions against drought, air, inspection

• Examples of housing

o cattle

- Sufficient space to stand, lie down, turn around, stretch and groom, and to perform normal patterns of

behaviour

o poultry

- Floors, other surfaces, fitting and equipment must be designed, constructed and maintained so as to

minimise the risk of injury and disease, and to adequately support the birds.

• Examples of water and feed

o cattle

- Adequate quantity and quality of water, food to maintain good health.

- Sufficient water must be provided according to age, bodyweight, production level, air temperature ,humidity

and dry matter content of the feed eaten.

- Should be protected as far as possible from toxic plants or other substances harmful to their health.

o poultry

- Must have access to sufficient portable water to meet their physiological requirements.

Measures must be taken to ensure poultry, other than those newly hatched, are not deprived of water for

more than 24 hours. Newly hatched birds require water within 60 hours.

Lesser periods apply during hot weather.

- Must receive a diet containing adequate nutrients to meet their requirements for good health

and vitality. Poultry must not be provided with food that is deleterious to their health.

• Examples of management

o cattle - Social contact with other cattle. Individual cattle such as house cows may adapt to solitude, provided other

welfare requirements are met.

- Appropriate hygienic precautions must be undertaken for all operation.

o poultry

- Poultry producers should also operate an effective program to prevent infectious disease and internal and

external parasitism. Vaccinations and other treatments applied to poultry should be undertaken by people

skilled in the procedures.

European Union Council Directive 98/58/EC and Council Directive 1999/74/EC • Member States shall ensure that the conditions under which animals (other than fish, reptiles or

amphibians) are bred or kept, having regard to their species and to their degree of development, adaptation

and domestication, and to their physiological and ethological needs in accordance with established

experience and scientific knowledge, comply with the provisions set out in the Annex.

• Community legislation concerning the welfare conditions of farm animals lays down minimum standards.

National governments may adopt more stringent rules provided the are compatible with the provisions of

the Treaty.

• Scope - Any animal (including fish, reptiles or amphibians) bred or kept for the production of food, wool, skin or

fur or for other farming purposes; - Specific rules for animals in the following categories:

o calves o pigs o laying hens

• Annex (general range) - Buildings and accommodation

• Materials to be used for the construction of accommodation, and in particular for the construction of pens an equipment with which the animals may come into contact, must not be harmful to the animals and must be capable of being thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.

• Accommodation and fittings for securing animals shall be constructed and maintained so that there are no sharp edges or protrusions likely to cause injury to the animals.

• Air circulation, dust levels, temperature, relative air humidity and gas concentrations must be kept within limits which are not harmful to the animals.

• Animals kept in buildings must not be kept either in permanent darkness or without an appropriate period of rest from artificial lighting. Where the natural light available is insufficient to meet the physiological and ethological needs of the animals, appropriate artificial lighting must be provided.

- Animals not kept in buildings o Animals not kept in buildings shall, where necessary and possible, be given protection from adverse

weather conditions, predators and risks to their health.

- Feed, water and other substances

o Animals must be fed a wholesome diet which is appropriate to their age and species and which is fed to them in sufficient quantity to maintain them in good health and satisfy their nutritional needs. No animal shall be provided with food or liquid in a manner, nor shall such food or liquid contain any substance, which may cause unnecessary suffering or injury.

o All animals must have access to feed at intervals appropriate to their physiological needs. o All animals must have access to a suitable water supply or be able to satisfy their fluid intake needs

by other means. o Feeding and watering equipment must be designed, constructed and placed so that contamination of

food and water and the harmful effects of competition between the animals are minimised. o No other substance, with the exception of those given for therapeutic, or prophylactic purposes or for

the purposes of zootechnical treatment - Inspection

o All animals kept in husbandry systems in which their welfare depends on frequent human attention shall be inspected at least once a day. Animals in other systems shall be inspected at intervals sufficient to avoid any suffering.

o Adequate lighting (fixed or portable) shall be available to enable the animals to be thoroughly inspected at any time.

o Any animal which appears to be ill or injured must be cared for appropriately without delay and, where an animal does not respond to such care, veterinary advice must be obtained as soon as possible. Where necessary sick or injured animals shall be isolated in suitable accommodation with, where appropriate, dry comfortable bedding

• Specific rules for:

- Laying hens

o Enriched cages where laying hens have at least 750 cm² of cage area per hen.

o Non- enriched cage systems where hens have at least 550 cm² of cage area per hen. From 1 January 2003 onwards such cages may not be built anymore nor utilised for the first time. By January 2012 at the latest this system must be prohibited.

o Non-cage systems with nests (at least one for 7 hens), adequate perches and where the stocking density does not exceed 9 laying hens per m² usable area.

o The hens kept in the enriched cage systems and the non-cage systems must also have a nest, perching space of 15cm per hen, litter to allow pecking and scratching and unrestricted access to a feed trough measuring at least 12cm per hen in the cage.

-Calves

o Prohibits the use of confined individual pens after the age of eight weeks from 1 January 1998 onwards for all newly built or rebuilt holdings and from 1 January 2007 for all holdings.

o Sets out minimum dimensions for individual pens and for calves kept in group. Calves are not to be tethered (except under very specific circumstances) and must be fed according to their physiological needs.

o In particular their food must contain sufficient iron; a minimum daily ration of fibrous food shall be provided for each calf over two weeks old. Calves may not be muzzled.

o All housed calves shall be inspected by the owner or the person responsible for the animals at least twice daily and calves kept outside shall be inspected at least once daily. Any calf which appears to be ill or injured shall be treated appropriately without delay and veterinary advice shall be obtained as soon as possible for any calf which is not responding to the stock-keeper's care. Where necessary,

sick or injured calves shall be isolated in adequate accommodation with dry, comfortable bedding.

- Pigs

o Ban the use of individual stalls for pregnant sows and gilts and the use of tethers. o Improve the quality of the flooring surfaces. o Increase the living space available for sows and gilts. o Allow the sows and gilts to have permanent access to materials for rooting. o Introduce higher level of training and competence on welfare issues for the stockmen and the

personnel in charge of the animals. o Request new scientific advice in relation to certain issues of pig farming. o Light requirements and maximum noise levels. o Permanent access to materials for rooting and playing. o Permanent access to fresh water. o Additional restrictive conditions to carry out mutilations on pigs.

Malaysia Animal Act 1953 •"Animal" means any living creature other than a human being and includes any beast, bird, fish, reptile or insect, whether wild or tame. - Any person who

o cruelly beats, kicks, ill-treats, overrides, overdrives, overloads, tortures, infuriates or terrifies any animal

o causes, procures or assists at the fighting or baiting of any animal, or keeps, uses, manages, or acts or

assists in the management of any premises or place for the purpose, or partly for the purpose, of fighting or baiting any animal, or permits any premises or place to be so kept, managed or used, or receives or causes or procures any person to receive, money for the admission of any person to such premises or place

- An owner shall be deemed to have permitted cruelty if he shall have failed to exercise reasonable care and

supervision in respect of the protection of the animal from cruelty - The Chief Minister in a State may by written permit authorize the wrestling of bulls, on a special occasion

of public interest or if he is satisfied that such wrestling is beneficial to the breed and, in either case, that no cruelty to any animal will arise from such wrestling.

• Penalty - Shall be guilty of an offence of cruelty and shall be liable to a fine of two hundred ringgit or

to imprisonment for a term of six months or to both.

Philippines

Republic Act No 8485 – 1998

• Animal utilized for breeding, maintaining, keeping, treating or training of all animals either as object of trade

or as household pets (including birds).

• Protect and promote the welfare of all animals by supervising and regulating the establishment and operations

of all facilities utilized for breeding, maintaining, keeping, treating or training of all animals either as object of

trade or as household pets.

• Shall be unlawful for any person to torture any animal, to neglect to provide adequate care, sustenance or

shelter, or maltreat any animal or to subject any dog or horse to dogfights or horsefights, kill or cause or

procure to be tortured or deprived of adequate care, sustenance or shelter, or maltreat or use the same in

research or experiments not expressly authorized by the Committee on Animal Welfare.

• Penalty - Violates any of the provisions of this Act shall, upon conviction by final judgment

be punished by imprisonment of not less than six (6) months nor more than two (2)

years or a fine or not less than One thousand pesos (P1,000) nor more that Five

thousand pesos (P5,000) or both at the discretion of the Court.

Ⅲ Conclusion It is evident from the comparison of regulations in this report, that there is a clear lack of strong and systematic regulations concerning animal welfare from some countries, such as Malaysia and the Philippines. The strong and comprehensive regulations that are in force in the European Union, and countries such as Australia and New Zealand reflect the scientific work carried out on animal welfare in these countries. In order to assist the uptake of improved approaches to animal welfare, particularly in the various countries that have a weak or under-developed regulatory system, OIE should support research and the development of regulations to generate information relevant to different regions. In the case of Korea, it should prepare regulations that are more specific than the current ones. These new regulations should be based on scientific research and be matched to Korea’s

needs and situation in order to promote animal welfare effectively.

Ⅳ.Summary of internship activity (Memory of OIE)

Meeting of the OIE AD HOC group on animal welfare and livestock production systems ( Paris, 8-10 April 2008)

List of participants – List of AD HOC GROUP

Dr Carlos A. Correa Messuti (Chair) Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca Constituyente 1476 Montevideo URUGUAY Tel.: (598-2) 412 63 58 Fax: (598-2) 413 63 31 E-mail: ccorream@multi.com.uy

Dr Xavier Manteca Vilanova Profesor Titular de Universidad, Departamento de Ciencia Animal y de los Alimentos, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Unidad de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 (Bellaterra)Barcelona ESPAÑA Tel.: (+34) 93 581 16 47 Fax: (+34) 93 581 20 06 E-mail: xavier. manteca@uab. Es

Dr Lars Schrader Federal Research Institut for Animal Health - FLI Institute for Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry DörnbergstabBe 25/27 29223 Celle GERMANY Tel.: (49) 5141 3846 - 101 Fax: (49) 5141 3846 - 117 E-mail: Lars.schrader@fal.de

Dr Abelardo B. Agulto, DVM, MPH Board of Veterinary Medicine, Professional Regulation Commission, P. Paredes corner Morayta, Sampaloc Manila 1001 PHILIPPINES Tel.: (632) 735 1533 Fax: (632) 735 1533 E-mail: abagulto@yahoo.com

Dr Joy Mench Department of Animal Science One Shields Avenue University of California Davis, CA 95616 Professor University of California UNITED STATES Tel: (530) 7527125 Fax: (530) 7520175 E-mail: jamench@ucdavis.edu

Dr Kerapetse Sehularo Chief Veterinary Officer Department of Animal Health and Production, Divison of Meat Hygiene and Quality Control Ministry of Agriculture P.O. BOX 1159 Francistown BOTSWANA Tel: (267) 12 58 440 E-mail: ksehularo@lycos.com

Adopted Agenda

1. Welcome and introduction – Dr Jean Luc Angot

2. Confirmation of Terms of Reference and comments from Chair of the ad hoc

Group

3. Discussion of working documents and other relevant documents provided by

the ad hoc Group Members

4. Development of draft text for consideration by the Terrestrial Animal Health

Standards Commission

5. Review and finalise report of meeting

☞ Further information can be found in the meeting report on the OIE website.

< Members of AD HOC GROUP>

The 76th General Session

The 76th General Session of the International Committee was hold from 25 to 30 May 2008, bringing together representatives of 172 OIE Member Countries, as well as observers from the international organisations that have signed an official agreement with the OIE as well as other international and regional organisations and invited guests. The General Session was hold at the "Maison de la Chimie" from Sunday 25 May to Thursday 29 May inclusive, and at the OIE Headquarters from Friday 30 May The International Committee establishes the policies of the OIE and supervises their application. This year, its main work concerns:

• the adoption of international standards regarding safety in world trade in animals and animal products;

• the fight against animal diseases and zoonoses, and improving the quality of Veterinary Services;

• elections to fill vacant positions on certain Commissions.

BBaarrbbeeccuuee ppaarrttyy ((88tthh MMaayy 22000088)) We had a very funny and good time to express our goodwill to one another.

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I have a particular interest in ways to improve the environment for farm animals for which the concept of welfare has been less well established than that for pets in Korea. After examining international standards for animal welfare and the more advanced animal welfare policies of some nations, I also want to enhance the nation's awareness of animal welfare by communicating persuasive animal welfare information in Korea. I believed that the OIE internship was the best opportunity to learn by experiencing global trends in the animal welfare- this proved to be so. I have experienced many things during my internship even though three months is not enough to learn about new areas in any depth. I have been very impressed by OIE during my internship period. Before coming to OIE I expected that it would be focused on the needs of developed countries rather than those of developing countries. However I have observed that OIE makes a clear effort to preserve the delicate balance between needs of both developed and developing countries. While I was familiar with the OIE code when I was working in Korea before my internship, I now have a real passion for the code because I have seen how so many people have done their best to develop it. I would like to thank the following individuals for their help during my internship at OIE International Trade Department: Dr. Bernard Vllat, the OIE director General, Dr. Sarsh Kahn, Dr. Gillian Mylrea, Dr.Yamato Atagi, Ms Claudia Campos, Ms Anne Guillon. In particular I really appreciate Dr. Leopoldo Stuardo’s help. He helped me from the start to end of my internship. And lastly I would like to thank to my friend, Dr. Allice Mukakanamujre who is also an OIE intern from Rwanda. I have been energized by the experience of working at OIE and I will take that energy to Korea when I return to restart work as a veterinary official. I hope OIE will witness positive developments in animal welfare in Korea the future.