dutch practice for application of slurry in the field herman van schooten
Post on 20-Dec-2015
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Dutch practice for application of
slurry in the field
Herman van Schooten
Dutch legislation
Application on grassland and arable land
Efficiency and costs
Some new developments
Conclusions
Introduction
Dutch legislation for slurry application
Based on reduction of:
- Evironmental acidification
- Nutrients leaching into the environment
Dutch legislation for slurry application Emission-reducing techniques must be used
Grassland in bands on the ground - max. width 5 cm - min. distance 15 cm Arable land • bare soil - incorporation
• overgrown soil – see grassland
Limited application period september – february
(Clay arable land 2007: november – february)
Limited use of organic manure :250/170 kg N from organic manure
Application on grassland Technique Slurry distribution NH3 reduction (%)
Tine injection
Shallow injection/ closed slits
Band spreadingby trailing feet
> 95
> 95
> 80
50-80
Shallow injection/ open slits
Application on grassland
Tine injection and shallow injection with closed slits
Application on grassland
Tine injection and shallow injection with closed slits
High draught force requierd
Crop damage along the slits under dry conditions
Problems with obstacles
Application on grassland Technique Slurry distribution NH3 reduction (%)
Tine injection
Shallow injection/ closed slits
Band spreadingby trailing feet
> 95
> 95
> 80
50-80
Shallow injection/ open slits
Application on grassland
Shallow injection with open slitsAngled disc coulter or thick disc coulter
Application on grassland
Shallow injection with open slitsDisc (or knife) coulter followed by a vertical (injection) coulter
Application on grassland Technique Slurry distribution NH3 reduction (%)
Tine injection
Shallow injection/ closed slits
Band spreadingby trailing feet
> 95
> 95
> 80
50-80
Shallow injection/ open slits
Application on grassland
Band spreading by trailing feet
Ammonia emmission effected by:
- height of the grass
- weather conditions
Application on grassland
Various application techniques
- Mix of shallow injection with open slits and
band spreading
Application on arable land
Technique NH3 reduction (%)
Tine injection > 95
Shallow injection with open slits > 80
Surface incorporation
- one operation 70-95
- seperate operation (until 2008) 35-95
Application on arable land
Tine injection
On bare soil before sowing
Application on arable land
Surface incorporation (one and seperate operation) On bare soil – Cultivator
- Disc harrow
- Plough
Potatoes
Application on arable land
Shallow injection with open slits
On bare soil
In wintergrain
Efficiency indexTechnique Efficiency index 1)
Surface spreading 25GrasslandTine or deep injection 50Shallow injection with open slits 50Band spreading by trailing feet 45Arable landTine injection 60Surface incorporation - one operation 55 - seperate operation 30-55Shallow injection with open slits 50
1) N-uptake of N from slurry x 100 / N-uptake of CAN-27
Costs (€/m3 slurry)
Technique Gross N-savings Net costs costsGrasslandSurface spreading 1,95 - 1,95Shallow injection/open slits 3,20 0,83 2,37Band spreading by trailing feet 3,00 0,66 2,34
Arable land
Surface spreading 1,80 - 1,80Tine injection 2,50 1,16 1,34Incorporation seperate operation 2,80 0,66 2,14
Some recent developments
Trailing slurry hose
Some recent developmentsTrailing slurry hose Dilution with water: max dry matter content of the slurry: 6-7 % better N-utilization
Max. distance between storage and applicator 2,5 km (incl. second pump)
Efficient system on large parcels
No heavy slurry tanker; mostly used on clay ground and peaty soil
Suitable for wintercrops (grain)
On bare soil sometimes high draught force required
Some recent developments
Slurry hose reel
Combination of slurry tanker and trailing slurry hose Low draught force requierd
Some recent developmentsBanded slurry injection in silage maize
Some recent developmentsBanded slurry injection in silage maize
Advantages
Higher efficiency index for N and P, 25 and 100 % resp.
Less operations
Disadvantages
Lower sowing capacity
Higher risk of structure damage
Some recent developmentsSlurry tire
Very low soil pressure < 0,5 bar Low draught force requierdLow storage capacity
Conclusions The use of injection techniques result in a significant lower ammonia emmision and a better nitrogen utilization
The best application technique depends on soil type, crop type and field sizeShallow injection most flexible technique
Reduction of emission is mostly associated with addional costs including correction for N-savings
Additional advantages in practice
- Less fouling and scorching of the grass by manure
- flexible application management
- constant application rate
ConclusionsMethods used in the Netherlands at the momentGrassland
sandy soil :50 % shallow injection, 50 % band spreading
clay/peaty soil : mostly band spreading by trailing feet
Arable land
sandy soil : Tine injection and surface incorporation before
sowing
: 1 % silage maize banded slurry injection
clay ground : 75 % in autumn on bare soil
: 20 % in spring on wintercorn (wheat)
: 5 % in spring on potatoes
Thank you and
Good luck !
Herman van Schooten