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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Plates\Fig_199.ai

FIG_192: Title

Slurry Walls

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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\Fig_193

FIG_193: Settlements Caused by Diaphragm Wall Construction

0

0.1

0.2

0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

Distance from Excavation

Maximum Trench Depth Clough and ORourke (1990)

Project Name

Hong Kong Excavations (12)

London NPY (48)

Bell Common (50)

South Cove (22)

Studenterlunden (24)

Symbol

S

ettlement

Maximu

m

TrenchDepth,%

Heave

Settlement

Profile Assumed for Muni Analyses

(0.14%)

(1.1)

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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_194

FIG_194 : Excavation for Muni Metro Turnback Project

DepthBelo

wG

roundLevel,ft

20

0

40

60

80

100

120

140

Horizontal Distance from West SPTC Wall, f t

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

I-24 I-23

20

0

40

60

80

100

120

140Inclinometer

Inclinometer

36 ft

12 ft

30 ft 52 ft

Bay Mud

Old Sea Wall

Fill

Existing Building

Basement

Marine SandMarine Sand

Bay Mud

Steel Sold ier Piles

(Spaced 12 ft

on Center)

Concrete

SPTC Walls

A

B

C

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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_195

FIG_195: Construct ion of Soldi er Piles for SPTC Wall

DrillingEquipment

BucketAuger

SupportCrane

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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_196

FIG_196: Installation of Soldier Piles fo r SPTC Wall

Installation of Soldier Piles

Drilling Equipment

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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_197

FIG_197: Slurry Wall Constructi on

Excavated Spoils

Excavated Slurry Trench

Clamshell

Drilling Equipmentfor Soldier Piles

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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_198

FIG_198: Settlements Measured at End of SPTC Wall Construc tion

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Settlement,in

E

xcavation

SPTCWall

Distance from Excavation, ft

Distance from Excavation, ft

Interpreted Trend

SM7 SM8 SM9 SM10 SM11 SM12 SM13

SM7 SM8 SM9 SM10 SM11 SM12 SM13Line 23

Line 22

Line No.

2223

Symbol

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15

10

5

0

-5

-10

-15

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350

Piezo

metricLevel,(Elev

ationsCCSFDatum

),ft

Days After Piezometer Installation

No Activity

No Activity

PileDriving

Bay Mud

Fill

50 ft 70 ft

9 ft 3 ft

P-10

P-9

SPTCWall

Piezometers

W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_199

FIG_199: Excess Pore Pressures Caused by SPTC Wall Construction

P-9/P-10

Installationof SPTC Walls

Piezometer

P-9

P-10

Symbol

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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)FIG_200

FIG_200: Change in Pore Water Pressures: Effects of SPTC Wall Constructi on Pile Driving and Excavation

2

0

-2

-4

-6

-8

-10

-12

-140 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325

Nov 1993

Pie

zometricLevel,(E

levationsCCSFDatum),ft

Days After Piezometer Installation

Pile

DrivingRest Period ExcavationP-7 Installation of

SPTC WallsInstallation ofSPTC Walls

PileDriving Rest Period ExcavationP-8

Bay Mud

Fill

50 ft

Piezometer

70 ft

12 ft

P-7/P-8

SPTCWall

PiezometerP-7

P-8

Symbol

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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\Fig_201A

FIG_201A: Lateral Deformations During SPTC Wall Construction

10 5 0 5 10303540 25 20 15 10 0 55

1010

5 5

15 15

20 20

25 25

66m

135m

30 30

35 35

40 40

45 45

50 50

W68 W70 W72 W74 W76

5/16/94 5/16/94P69 P71 P73 P75

5/13/94 5/10/94

6.1 M6.1m

CL 24Inclinometer CL-24

ConstructionSequence

3.7m 3.7m 3.7m

COLMA

SAND

FILL

MARINE

SAND

OLD

BAY

CLAY

B

A

Y

M

U

D

DepthBelow

GroundLevel,m

DepthBelow

GroundLevel,m

Away from Excavation NORTHEASTWEST SOUTH

SoldierP

ile

SPTC

Wall

Lateral Deformation, mm Lateral Deformation, mm

P75P69 P71 P73

After Instal lat ion

of Soldier Piles

and Panels North

of W68

4/5/94

Deformations Parallel to the WallDeformations Transverse to the Wall Alignment

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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\Fig_201B

FIG_201B: Lateral Deformations During SPTC Wall Construction

10 5 0 5 10303540 25 20 15 10 0 55

1010

5 5

15 15

20 20

25 25

66m

135m

30 30

35 35

40 40

45 45

50 50

W68 W70 W72 W74 W76

5/16/94 5/16/94P69 P71 P73 P75

5/13/94 5/10/94

6.1 M6.1m

CL 24Inclinometer CL-24

ConstructionSequence

3.7m 3.7m 3.7m

COLMA

SAND

FILL

MARINE

SAND

OLD

BAY

CLAY

B

A

Y

M

U

D

DepthBelow

GroundLevel,m

DepthBelow

GroundLevel,m

Away from Excavation NORTHEASTWEST SOUTH

SoldierP

ile

SPTC

Wall

Lateral Deformation, mm Lateral Deformation, mm

P75P69 P71 P73

After Instal lat ion

of Soldier Piles

and Panels North

of W68

4/5/94

5/10/941

After Construct ionof Panel P75

Deformations Parallel to the WallDeformations Transverse to the Wall Alignment

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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\Fig_201C

FIG_201C: Lateral Deformations During SPTC Wall Construc tion

10 5 0 5 10303540 25 20 15 10 0 55

1010

5 5

15 15

20 20

25 25

66m

135m

30 30

35 35

40 40

45 45

50 50

W68 W70 W72 W74 W76

5/16/94 5/16/94P69 P71 P73 P75

5/13/94 5/10/94

6.1 M6.1m

CL 24Inclinometer CL-24

ConstructionSequence

3.7m 3.7m 3.7m COLMA

SAND

FILL

MARINE

SAND

OLD

BAY

CLAY

B

A

Y

M

U

D

DepthBelow

GroundLevel,m

DepthBelow

GroundLevel,m

Away from Excavation NORTHEASTWEST SOUTH

SoldierP

ile

SPTC

Wall

Lateral Deformation, mm Lateral Deformation, mm

P75P69 P71 P73

After Instal lat ion

of Soldier Piles

and Panels North

of W68

4/5/94

5/10/941

After Construct ionof Panel P75

5/13/942

After Construct ion

of Panel P73

Deformations Parallel to the WallDeformations Transverse to the Wall Alignment

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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\Fig_201D

FIG_201D: Lateral Deformations During SPTC Wall Construc tion

10 5 0 5 10303540 25 20 15 10 0 55

10

10

5 5

15 15

20 20

25 25

66m

135m

30 30

35 35

40 40

45 45

50 50

W68 W70 W72 W74 W76

5/16/94 5/16/94P69 P71 P73 P75

5/13/94 5/10/94

6.1 M6.1m

CL 24Inclinometer CL-24

ConstructionSequence

3.7m 3.7m 3.7m COLMA

SAND

FILL

MARINE

SAND

OLD

BAY

CLAY

B

A

Y

M

U

D

DepthBelow

GroundLevel,m

DepthBelow

GroundLevel,m

Away from Excavation NORTHEASTWEST SOUTH

SoldierP

ile

SPTC

Wall

Lateral Deformation, mm Lateral Deformation, mm

P75P69 P71 P73

After Instal lat ion

of Soldier Piles

and Panels North

of W68

4/5/94

5/10/941

After Construct ionof Panel P75

5/13/942

After Construct ion

of Panel P73

5/16/943

After Construct ion

of Panel P71

Deformations Parallel to the WallDeformations Transverse to the Wall Alignment

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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\Fig_201E

FIG_201E: Lateral Deformations During SPTC Wall Construc tion

10 5 0 5 10303540 25 20 15 10 0 55

10

10

5 5

15 15

20 20

25 25

66m

135m

30 30

35 35

40 40

45 45

50 50

W68 W70 W72 W74 W76

5/16/94 5/16/94P69 P71 P73 P75

5/13/94 5/10/94

6.1 M6.1m

CL 24Inclinometer CL-24

ConstructionSequence

3.7m 3.7m 3.7m COLMA

SAND

FILL

MARINE

SAND

OLD

BAY

CLAY

B

A

Y

M

U

D

DepthBelow

GroundLevel,m

DepthBelow

GroundLevel,m

Away from Excavation NORTHEASTWEST SOUTH

SoldierP

ile

SPTC

Wall

Lateral Deformation, mm Lateral Deformation, mm

P75P69 P71 P73

After Instal lat ion

of Soldier Piles

and Panels North

of W68

4/5/94

5/10/941

After Construct ionof Panel P75

5/13/942

After Construct ion

of Panel P73

5/16/943

After Construct ion

of Panel P71

5/16/944

After Construct ion

of Panel P69

Deformations Parallel to the WallDeformations Transverse to the Wall Alignment

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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\Fig_202

FIG_202: Variation o f Lateral Deformations with Distance from Excavation Effects of SPTC Wall Construction

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27

35

30

15

20

25

10

5

0

40

45

Horizontal Distance fromSPTC Wall, m

Inclinometers

BetweenSoldierPiles

Maximum

Later

alDisplacement,

,mm

h

I

SPTCWall

h

Marine Sand

BayMud

Fill

Inclinometer

TypicalProfiles

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WW:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)FIG_203B

FIG_203B: Lateral Deformations Caused by SPTC Wall Const ruction

15 10 5 0 5 10 15 2025 20 1530 10 5 0 5 10 15

10

5

0

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

10

5

0

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

FILL

B

A

Y

M

U

D

COLMA

SAND

OLD

BAY

CLAY

MARINE

DEPOSITS

762mmO.D.

GWT

W920 x 313

Away f rom Excavation Away f rom ExcavationTowards the Excavation Towards the Excavation

Lateral Deformation, mm Lateral Deformation, mm

DepthBelo

wGroundLevel,m

SteelCasing

Predrilling

406mmAuger

Range ofPile Tips

457mm

Concrete

Incremental Deformations Caused by Pile DrivingDeformations Caused by Construction of SPTC Walls

SoldierP

ile

SPTC

Wall

W30 W32 W34 W36 W38

5 16 94 5 16 94

P69 P71 P73 P75

5 13 94 5 1 94

Inclinometer CL-17

ConstructionSequence

P37P31

3.7m

P33 P35

0.9m

Aft er Ins tal lat ion

of Soldier Piles

and Panel No P31

3/6/941

After Constructi on

of Panel No P35

3/7/942

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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_203C

FIG_203C: Lateral Deformations Caused by SPTC Wall Cons truction

15 10 5 0 5 10 15 2025 20 1530 10 5 0 5 10 15

10

5

0

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

10

5

0

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

FILL

B

A

Y

M

U

D

COLMA

SAND

OLD

BAY

CLAY

MARINE

DEPOSITS

762mmO.D.

GWT

W920 x 313

Away f rom Excavation Away f rom ExcavationTowards the Excavation Towards the Excavation

Lateral Deformation, mm Lateral Deformation, mm

DepthBelo

wGroundLevel,m

SteelCasing

Predrilling

406mmAuger

Range ofPile Tips

457mm

Concrete

Incremental Deformations Caused by Pile DrivingDeformations Caused by Construction of SPTC Walls

SoldierP

ile

SPTC

Wall

W30 W32 W34 W36 W38

5 16 94 5 16 94

P69 P71 P73 P75

5 13 94 5 1 94

Inclinometer CL-17

ConstructionSequence

P37P31

3.7m

P33 P35

0.9m

Aft er Ins tal lat ion

of Soldier Piles

and Panel No P31

3/6/941

After Constructi on

of Panel No P35

3/7/942

Aft er Excavation

of Panel No P37

3/9/943

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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_203D

FIG_203D: Lateral Deformations Caused by SPTC Wall Cons truction

15 10 5 0 5 10 15 2025 20 1530 10 5 0 5 10 15

10

5

0

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

10

5

0

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

FILL

B

A

Y

M

U

D

COLMA

SAND

OLD

BAY

CLAY

MARINE

DEPOSITS

762mmO.D.

GWT

W920 x 313

Away f rom Excavation Away f rom ExcavationTowards the Excavation Towards the Excavation

Lateral Deformation, mm Lateral Deformation, mm

DepthBelo

wGroundLevel,m

SteelCasing

Predrilling

406mmAuger

Range ofPile Tips

457mm

Concrete

Incremental Deformations Caused by Pile DrivingDeformations Caused by Construction of SPTC Walls

SoldierP

ile

SPTC

Wall

W30 W32 W34 W36 W38

5 16 94 5 16 94

P69 P71 P73 P75

5 13 94 5 1 94

Inclinometer CL-17

ConstructionSequence

P37P31

3.7m

P33 P35

0.9m

Aft er Ins tal lat ion

of Soldier Piles

and Panel No P31

3/6/941

After Constructi on

of Panel No P35

3/7/942

Aft er Excavation

of Panel No P37

3/9/943

Aft er Constructi on

of Panel No P37

3/14/943

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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_203E

FIG_203E: Lateral Deformations Caused by SPTC Wall Construction

15 10 5 0 5 10 15 2025 20 1530 10 5 0 5 10 15

10

5

0

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

10

5

0

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

FILL

B

A

Y

M

U

D

COLMA

SAND

OLD

BAY

CLAY

MARINE

DEPOSITS

762mmO.D.

GWT

W920 x 313

Away f rom Excavation Away f rom ExcavationTowards the Excavation Towards the Excavation

Lateral Deformation, mm Lateral Deformation, mm

DepthBelo

wGroundLevel,m

SteelCasing

Predrilling

406mmAuger

Range ofPile Tips

457mm

Concrete

Incremental Deformations Caused by Pile DrivingDeformations Caused by Construction of SPTC Walls

SoldierP

ile

SPTC

Wall

W30 W32 W34 W36 W38

5 16 94 5 16 94

P69 P71 P73 P75

5 13 94 5 1 94

Inclinometer CL-17

ConstructionSequence

P37P31

3.7m

P33 P35

0.9m

Aft er Ins tal lat ion

of Soldier Piles

and Panel No P31

3/6/941

After Constructi on

of Panel No P35

3/7/942

Aft er Excavation

of Panel No P37

3/9/943

Aft er Constructi on

of Panel No P37

3/14/943

Aft er Constructi onof Panel No P33

3/18/944

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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)Fig_204

FIG_204: Deformations Caused by Construction of Slur ry Walls in Soft Clays in Singapore

Source:(Poh and Wong, 1998)

0 15 30 45

10

0

20

30

40

50

60

Lateral Soil Movement, mm Distance Behind Front Edge of Wall Panel, m

0 3 6 9 12 15

SoilSe

ttlement,mm

D

epth,m

5

0

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25

-30

-35

-40

Before Concreting

Symbol Construction Stage

After Concreting

4 Hours After Concreting

8 Hours After Concreting

MEDIUM DENSECLAYEY SAND

HARDSILTY CLAY

FILL

STIFFSILTY CLAY

SOFT TOMEDIUMSTIFFMARINECLAY

VERY SOFTTO SOFT

MARINECLAY

End of Excavation

Before Concreting

Symbol Construction Stage

After Concreting

4 Hours After Concreting

8 Hours After Concreting

Effect of Concreting of WallPanel on Lateral Soil Movements

Affect of Concret ing of WallPanel on Soil Settlements

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W:\Infrastructure\Geotech\UC Berkeley 2008 Seminar\Final Figures\09 SLURRY WALL (192-205)\FIG_205

FIG_ 205: Stress Changes and Deformations During Slurry Wall Constructi on

A

C

B

O

Axial Strain, a

CompressionExtension

-h +h

Slurry

Excavation

Concrete

Backfill

+

K f-Line (Compression)

p'= '

1+ '

3

2

K f-Line(Extension)

Ko-Line(Normally Consolidated)

ShearStress,q'=

'1-

'3

2

Compression

Extension

O

A'A

BB'

u

u

'vo

-

C'

ESP

TSP

'vo

hA h+

= hB

hB

'vo

+

'vo

+h h

+= hA

hA

'vo

Excavation ofSlurry Trench

Compression - Loading

Physical Condition

Trench Backfilledwith Concrete

Concrete Shrinkage+ Inward Deflection

of Wall

Reduction in TotalHorizontal Stress

Stress ChangesStressPath ID

O-A'

A'-B'

B'-C'