dung dieu khien tu xa dieu khien dong co dien mot chieu 12v doc

7/29/2019 Dung Dieu Khien Tu Xa Dieu Khien Dong Co Dien Mot Chieu 12v Doc

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TRNG HSPKT HNG YNKHOA IN-IN T N MN HC

TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT HNG YN

KHOA IN-IN T

N MN HC

TN TI : DNG IU KHIN T XA IU KHIN NG CIN MT CHIU 12V

GIO VIN HNG DN : on Vn Tun

SINH VIN THC HIN : 1: Nguyn Vn Ngha2: V Xun Nghim3: Nguyn Tin Ngc

LP : -TK6_2

Hng Yn , thng 02 nm 2010

GVHD: on Vn Tun SVTH: Nguyn Vn NghaV Xun NghimNguyn Tin Ngc Page 1


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N MN HCKha hc: 2008-2012.

Lp: _TK6_2.

TN TI: DNG IU KHIN T XA IU KHIN NG C INMT CHIU 12V.

I. D kin cho trc:+ Cc linh kin in t c bn trn th trng.+ ng c in mt chiu 12V.+ Ti liu tham kho: in t cng sut,in t cn bn,linh kin in t...

II. Ni dung cn hon thnh:Phn I. C s l thuyt.

1.1. Gii thiu v thu pht hng ngoi.1.2. Gii thiu v ng c in mt chiu.

Phn II . Phng n thit k.2.1. S khi .2.2. Thit k s nguyn l (mch pht , mch thu hng ngoi, mch iu

khin v ng lc).

Yu cu:

+ Sn phm hot ng tt, m bo k thut, m thut.+ Thuyt minh ti (Phn tch yu cu, trnh by cc gii php thc hin,

c s l thuyt, qu trnh thc hin n, kh nng ng dng ca n).+ Np thuyt minh v hon thnh sn phm ng thi gian quy nh.



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MC LC

Nhn xt ca gio vinLi ni uK hoch tin tng tun thc hin ti.

CHNG I: GII THIU V NG C IN MT CHIU.1.1. Tm quan trng ca ng c in mt chiu.1.2. Cu to v hot ng ca ng c in mt chiu.

1.2.1. Cu to.1.2.2. Hot ng.

CHNG II: GII THIU V THU PHT HNG NGOI. 2.1. Khi nim v thu pht hng ngoi.

2.2. Linh kin thu sng hng ngoi.2.3. Mch in IC pht hng ngoi PT2248.2.4. Mch in IC thu hng ngoi PT2249.

CHNG III: PHNG N THIT K. 3.1. S khi.

3.2. Nguyn l hot ng ca tng khi.CHNG IV: GII THIU V MT S LINH KIN IN T S

DNG TRONG MACH. 4.1. in tr - T in.

4.2. it Led.4.3. IC 78xx Transistor H1061.4.4. IC pht hng ngoi PT2248.4.4. IC thu hng ngoi PT2249.

4.5. IC 4017.4.6. Mt nhn hng ngoi KSM-603LM.



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CHNG V: S V NGUYN L HOT NG CA MCH. 5.1. Mch pht

5.1.1. S nguyn l.

5.1.2. S board.5.1.3. Nguyn l hot ng.

5.2. Mch thu.5.2.1. S nguyn l.5.2.2. S board.5.2.3. Nguyn l hot ng.

5.3. Mch ng lc v iu khin ng c.5.3.1. S nguyn l.

5.3.2. S board.5.3.3. Nguyn l hot ng.

Ti liu tham kho.



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NHN XT CA GIO VIN.

......................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Hng Yn, ngy.....thng......nm 2010



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LI NI U

iu khin t xa l vic iu khin mt m hnh mt khong cch nom con ngi khng nht thit trc tip n ni t h thng. Khong cch tythuc vo tng h thng c mc phc tp khc nhau, chng hn nh iu khint xa mt phi thuyn ta cn phi c h thng pht v thu mnh, ngc li, iukhin mt tr chi in t t xa ta ch cn mt h thng pht v thu yu hn.

Th gii ngy cng pht trin th lnh vc iu khin cn phi c m rnghn. Vic ng dng iu khin t xa vo thng tin lin lc mang li nhiu thunli cho x hi loi ngi, thng tin c cp nht hn nh s chnh xc v nhanhchng ca qu trnh iu khin t xa.

Trong sinh hot hng ngy ca con ngi nh nhng tr chi gii tr (robot,

xe iu khin t xa ) cho n nhng ng dng gn gi vi con ngi cng cci tin cho ph hp vi vic s dng v t mc tin li nht. iu khin t xa thm nhp vo vn ny do cho ra nhng loi iu khin t xa, u video,VCD, CD,u c iu khin t xa. Xut pht t nhng tng cng vis hng dn ca Thy on Vn Tun ging vin trng H SPKT HngYn, chng em chn ti:Dng iu khin t xa iu khin ng c inmt chiu 12V.

Nhng do trnh k thut cn c nhiu hn ch nn n khng th trnh

khi nhng sai st, chng em mong c s thng cm v ch bo thm ca thyc v cc bn !

Chng em xin chn thnh cm n s hng dn tn tnh ca Thy onVn Tuncng s gip ca cc bn.

Xin chn thnh cm n !

K HOCH TIN THC HIN TNG TUN



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STT Tun Cng vic thc hin Ngi thc hin

1 Tun 1

- - Sp xp cng vic cho tngtun (phn chia cng vic cho tng

thnh vin).

C nhm.

Tm hiu ti.+ Tm kim ti liu lin quan: Linhkin in t, in t cn bn, in tcng sut

Vn Ngha

+ Tm hiu nguyn l cc mch c linquan n ti. Chng hn nh ccmch thu pht hng ngoi, mch nglc iu khin ng c v cc linh kinlin quan n mch.

C nhm

+ Tham kho kin ca nhng ngic chuyn mn.

Xun Nghim

2 Tun2+3

- Sau khi tm hiu ti s a ra cs l thuyt chung ca ti.- T xy dng c s khi.- a ra nguyn tc hot ng ca cckhi v cc linh kin s s dng

thit k mch ph hp vi yu cu tngkhi.

C nhm.

3 Tun 4+5- Thit k s nguyn l ton mch.- Tnh ton thng s ri tin hnh chym phng.

C nhm.

4 Tun 6

- Rp mch v kho st trn bo mch(nu gp li chnh sa li).

Vn NghaTin Ngc

-o c kim tra xem trn board chyc t yu cu hay khng?

Vn NghaTin Ngc

-Tin hnh lm sn phm (cu dy). Vn NghaTin Ngc

- Lp rp hon tt sn phm. C Nhm

- Chun ha ni dung, lm quyn C nhm



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5

Tun 7 thuyt minh.- Chun b cc dng c bo v ti(fim chiu, bn v).

Xun Nghim

- Hon tt sn phm, kim tra li ton

bni dung.

C nhm

CHNG I:GII THIU V NG C IN MT CHIU

1.1. Tm quan trng ca ng c DC.



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Trong nn sn xut hin i, ng c mt chiu vn c coi l mt loimy quan trng mc d ngy nay c rt nhiu loi my mc hin i s dngngun in xoay chiu thng dng.

Do ng c in mt chiu c nhiu u im nhiu kh nng iu chnh tc

rt tt ,kh nng m my ln v c bit l kh nng qu ti. Chnh v vy mng c mt chiu c dng nhiu trong cc ngnh cng nghip c yu cu caov iu chnh tc nhng cn thp, hm m, giao thng vn tim iu quantrng l cc ngnh cng nghip hay i hi dng ngun in mt chiu.

Bn cnh , ng c in mt chiu cng c nhng nhc im nht nhca n nhng so vi my in xoay chiu th gi thnh t hn(d pht sinh tia lain)nhng do nhng u im ca n nn ng c in mt chiu vn cn cmt tm quan trng nht nh trong sn xut.

Cng sut ln nht ca ng c in mt chiu hin nay vo khong10000KW , in p vo khong vi trm cho n 1000V. Hng pht trin hinnay l ci tin tnh nng ca vt liu, nng cao ch tiu kinh t ca ng c v chto nhng ng c c cng sut ln1. 2. Cu to v hot ng ca ng c in DC.1.2.1. Cu to.

ng c in mt chiu c th phn thnh hai phn chnh: phn tnh v phnng.1.2.1.1. Phn tnh hay stato.

y l phn ng yn ca my, bao gm cc b phn chnh sau:a. Cc t chnh: l b phn sinh ra t trng gm c li st cc t v dy

qun kch t lng ngoi li st cc t. Li st cc t lm bng nhng l thp kthut in hay thp cacbon dy 0,5 n 1mm p li v tn cht. Trong ng c innh c th dng thp khi . Cc t c gn cht vo v my nh cc bu lng.Dy qun kch t c qun bng dy ng bc cch in v mi cun dy uc bc cch in k thnh mt khi tm sn cch in trc khi t trn cc cct. Cc cun dy kch t c t trn cc cc t ny c ni tip vi nhau.

b. Cc t ph: Cc t ph c t trn cc cc t chnh v dng cithin i chiu. Li thp ca cc t ph thng lm bng thp khi v trn thncc t ph c t dy qun m cu to ging nh dy qun cc t chnh. Cc t

ph c gn vi v my nh nhng bulong.c. Gng t : Gng t dng lm mch ni lin cc cc t, ng thi lm v

my .Trong ng c nh v va thng thng dng thp dy un v hn li. Trong



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my in ln thng dng thp c. C khi trong ng c in nh dng gang lmv my.

d. Cc b phn khc:+ Np my: bo v my khi nhng vt ngoi ri vo lm hng dy

qun v an ton cho ngi chm vo in. Trong my in nh v va lp my cnc tc dng lm gi bi. Trong trng hp ny np my thng lm bng gang.

+ C cu chi than: a dng in t phn quay ra ngoi. C cu chithan bao gm c chi than t trong hp chi than nh mt l xo t chy ln cgp. Hp chi than c c nh trn gi chi than v cch in vi gi. Gi chithan c th quay c iu chnh v tr chi than cho ng ch. Sau khi iuchnh xong th dng vt c nh li.1.2.1.2. Phn quay hay roto.

a. Li st phn ng: Dng dn t. Thng dng nhng tm thp k thutin dy 0,5mm ph cch in mng hai mt ri p cht li gim tn hao dodng in xoy gy nn. Trn l thp c dp hnh dng rnh sau khi p li tht dy qun vo.

Trong nhng ng c trung bnh tr ln ngi ta cn dp nhng l thnggi khi p li thnh li st c th to c nhng l thng gi dc trc.

Trong nhng ng c in ln hn th li st thng chia thnh nhngon nh, gia on y c mt khe h gi l khe h thng gi. Khi my lmvic gi thi qua cc khe h lm ngui dy qun v li st.

Trong ng c in mt chiu nh, li st phn ng c p trc tip votrc.Trong ng c in ln, gia trc v li st c t gi roto. Dng gi roto cth tit kim thp k thut in v gim nh trng lng roto.

b. Dy qun phn ngDy qun phn ng l phn sinh ra sut in ng v c dng in chy

qua. Dy qun phn ng thng lm bng dy ng c bc cch in. Trong myin nh c cng sut ti vi KW thng dng dy c tit din trn. Trong myin va v ln thng dng dy tit din ch nht, dy qun c cch in cn

thn vi rnh ca li thp. trnh khi quay b vng ra do lc li tm, ming rnh c dng nm

cht hoc ai cht dy qun. Nm lm bng tre g hay bakelit.c. C gp: Dng chiu dng in xoay chiu thnh mt chiu . C gp

gm nhiu phin ng c c m cch in vi nhau bng l mica di t 0,4 n1,2mm v hp thnh mt hnh tr trn. Hai u tr trn dng hai hnh p hnh ch



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V p cht li. Gia vnh p tr trn cng cch in bng mica. ui vnh gp ccao ln mt t hn cc u dy ca cc phn t dy qun v cc phin gp cd dng.

d. Cc b phn khc:

+ Cnh qut: dng qut gi lm ngui my. My in mt chiu thngch to theo kiu bo v, hai u np my c l thng gi. Cnh qut np trntrc my khi ng c quay cnh qut ht gi t ngoi vo ng c, gi i qua vnhgp, cc t li st v dy qun ri qua qut gi ra ngoi lm ngui my.

+ Trc my: Trn t li st phn ng, c gp, cnh qut v bi. Trcmy thng lm bng thp cacbon tt.1.2.2. Hot ng.

Trn hnh khi cho in p mt chiu U vo hai chi in A v B, trong dy

cun phn ng c dng in. Cc thanh dn ab v cd mang dng in nm trong ttrng s chu tc dng tng h ln nhau to nn mmen tc dng ln rto, lmrto quay. Chiu lc tc dng c xc nh theo quy tc bn tay tri (hnh a)

Hnh 2: Nguyn l lm vic ca ng c in mt chiu

Khi phn ng quay c na vng, v tr thanh dn ab, cd i ch cho nhau(hnh2 b) nh c phin gp i chiu dng in, nn dng in mt chiu bin i

thnh dng in xoay chiu a vo dy cun phn ng, gi cho chiu lc tcdng khng i, do lc tc dng ln roto cng theo mt chiu xc nh, mbo ng c c chiu quay khng i.



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CHNG II:GII THIU V THU PHT HNG NGOI.



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Do yu cu ca ti l iu khin ng c in mt chiu t xa, trong qutrnh nghin cu chng em quyt nh dng cp IC thu pht IC PT2248 v ICPT2249 thit k mch.1.Khi nim v hng ngoi.

nh sng hng ngoi (tia hng ngoi) l nh sng khng th nhn thy cbng mt thng, c bc sng khong 0,8m n 0,9m, tia hng ngoi c vntc truyn bng vn tc nh sng.

Tia hng ngoi d b hp th, kh nng xuyn thu km. Trong iu khin txa chm tia hng ngoi pht i hp, c hng do khi thu phi ng hng.2. Linh kin thu sng hng ngoi.

Ta c th dng quang in tr, phototransistor, photodiode thu snghng ngoi gn. thu sng hng ngoi trung bnh v xa pht ra t c th con

ngi, vt nng thc hin trong mch chng ta dng diode quang.3. Mch in IC pht PT2248Mch IC PT2248 s dng cng ngh CMOS qui m ln ch to l mt

loi linh kin pht xa m ha tia hng ngoi rt thng dng, phm vi in p ngunl 2,2V~5,5V. V s dng cng ngh CMOS ch to nn cng sut tiu hao ccthp, dng trng thi tnh ch 10A, n c th s dng nhiu t hp bn phm, linhkin bn ngoi rt t, m s ca n thch hp vi nhiu qui m khc, ch cn ningoi linh kin LC hoc b dao ng gm l c th gy ra dao ng.

* Chc nng ca cc chn dn:IC PT2248 s dng 16 chn v nha kiu cm thng hng.- Chn 1: chn mass c ni vi cc m ca ngun in.- Chn 2 v 3: l hai u ni vi thch anh bn ngoi cho b to dao ng

bn trong IC.



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- Chn 4 9 (K1 - K6) : l u ca tn hiu bn phm kiu ma trn, cc chn tK1 n K6 kt hp vi cc chn 10 n 12 ( T1 T3) to thnh ma trn 18

phm.- Chn 13 ( CODE ): l chn m s dng kt hp vi cc chn T1 T2 to

ra t hp m h thng gia phn pht v phn thu.- Chn 14 (TEST): l chn dng kim tra m ca phn pht, bnh thng khi

khng s dng c th b trng.- Chn 15 ( TXout): l u ra ca tn hiu c iu ch FM.- Chn 16 ( Vcc): l chn cp ngun dng.

S khi:

Bn trong IC PT2248 do b phn dao ng, b phn tn, b gii m, mchin u vo ca bn phm, b phn pht m s to thnh. Tham s cc hn ca PT2248:



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Nguyn l hot ng:Trong IC PT2248 c cha b o pha CMOS l in tr nh thin cng

ni b dao ng bng thch anh hoc mch dao ng cng hng. Khi tn s cab phn dao ng thit k xc nh l 455kHz, th tn s pht x sng mang l

38kHz. Ch khi c thao tc nhn phm mi c th to ra dao ng, v th m bocng sut ca n tiu hao thp. N c th thng qua cc chn K1 n K6 v u rath t thi gian chn T1 n T3 to ra bn phm 6x3 theo liu ma trn. Ti T1, 6

phm c sp xp c th ty chn to thnh 6x3 trng thi tn hiu lin tcc trnh by hnh di y:

Hai hng phm T2 v T3 ch c th s dng phm n, hn na, mi khi nvo phm mt ln ch c th pht x mt nhm mch xung iu khin xa. Nu nh

cc phm cng hng ng thi n xung th th t u tin lK1>K2>K3>K4>K4>K5>K6. Khng c nhiu phm chc nng trn cng mtng K, nu nh ng thi nhn phm th th t u tin ca n l T1>T2>T3.

Lnh pht ra ca n do m 12 bit to thnh, trong C1- C3 (code) l m sngi dng, c th dng xc nh cc m thc khc nhau, t hp C2, C3 phi



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hp vi mch IC thu PT2249. Mi loi t hp c 3 trng thi l 01, 10, 11 mkhng dng trng thi 00.

Lnh pht ra 12 bit nh sau:

Cc bit C1, C2, C3 c thc hin bng vic ni hay khng ni cc chnT1, T2, T3 vi chn code bng cc diode. Nu ni qua diot th cc C tng ng trthnh 1 v 0 khi khng c ni.4. Mch IC thu PT2249.

IC ny cng c ch to bng cng ngh CMOS, n i cp vi IC phtPT2248 to thnh b IC thu - pht trong iu khin xa bng tia hng ngoi.

* S chn:

* Chc nng cc chn:

- Chn 1 (Vss): l chn mass c ni vi cc m ca ngun in.



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- Chn 2 (Rxin): l u vo tn hiu thu.- Cc chn 3 7 (HP1 - HP5): l u ra tn hiu lin tc. Ch cn thu c tn

hiu tng ng vi u ra no th u ra s lun duy tr mc logic 1.- Cc chn 8 12 (SP5 SP1): l u ra tn hiu khng lin tc. Ch cn thu

c tn hiu tng ng vi u ra no th u ra s duy tr mc logic 1trong khong thi gian l 107ms.

- Chn 14 v 13 (CODE 2 v CODE 3): to ra cc t hp m h thng giaphn pht v phn thu. M s ca 2 chn ny phi ging t hp m h thng caphn pht th mi thu c tn hiu.

- Chn 15 (OSC): dng ni vi t in v in tr bn ngoi to ra dao ngcho mch.- Chn 16 (Vcc): l chn c ni vi cc dng ca ngun cung cp.

* S khi bn trong:

Do trong tn hiu pht ra ca IC pht c C1, C2v C3 cung cp tn hiu ms cho ngi dng, v vy u tip nhn cn phi c tn hiu m s tng ng.

IC PT2248 phi hp vi m ngi dng ca IC PT2249 l:

u C (code) ni vi t in cho n t l 1, trc tip ni t l 0.



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CHNG III: PHNG N THIT K.

3.1. S khi .S khi c 3 khi chnh:

. + Khi ngun.

+ Khi pht hng ngoi.

+ Khi thu hng ngoi.

+ Khi mch ng lc v iu khin ng c.

S khi.

3.2 . Nguyn l hot ng tng khi.+ Khi ngun:

C my bin p lm nhim v cung cp ngun cho 3 khi: khi thu v khimch ng lc v iu khin ng c v ng c DC 12V. My bin p ly u

vo (input) l ngun in AC220 V cho u ra mc in p ph hp (5V hoc12V) cp cho 2 khi cn li.

+ Khi pht hng ngoi.

Lm nhim v pht ra tn hiu hng ngoi gip mch thu hot ng.

+ Khi thu hng ngoi.


Khingun

Khithu

Khi mchng lc viu khinn c

Khipht

ngc DC

Khi mchng lc viu khin


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C chc nng nhn tn hiu t mch pht v cung cp tn hiu u vo (cungcp tn hiu vo chn 14 ca IC 4017) dng iu chnh ng c thng qua mchcu H1061.

+ Khi mch ng lc v iu khin ng c.

C chc nng iu chnh ng c (o chiu v dng ng c).



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CHNG IV : GII THIU V MT S LINH KIN INT S DNG TRONG MCH

4.1. in tr,t in.

4.1.1. in tr.a) Khi nim.

- in tr l s cn tr dng in ca mt vt dn in, nu c mt vt dn intt th in tr nh v ngc li vt cch in c in tr cc ln.

- in tr ca dy dn l s ph thuc vo cht liu v tit din ca dy dnc tnh theo cng thc:

R = .

Trong : R l in tr. n v l l in tr sut.

L l chiu di dy dn.S l tit din ca dy dn.

b) in tr trong thc t v trong cc mch in t.* Hnh dng v k hiu: Trong thc t in tr l mt loi linh kin in t

khng phn cc, n l mt linh kin quan trng trong cc mch in t, chngc lm t hp cht ca cacbon v kim loi v c pha theo t l m to ra cccon in tr c in dung khc nhau.

n v o bng , K, M.1M = 1000 K = 1000000

* Cch c tr s in tr trong thc t.c theo mu sc theo quy c quc t:



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Mu Tr s Sai sBc 10%Vng 5%en 0

Nu 1 1% 2 2%Cam 3Vng 4Xanh 5 0.5%Lc 6 0.25%Tm 7 0.1%Xm 8Trng 9

Ch : in tr l linh kin khng phn cc nn khi mc vo mch in ta

khng cn n u m dng lm g (u no cng nh u no).4.1.2. T in.

T in l mt linh kin th ng v c s dng rng ri trong cc mchin t, c s dng trong cc mch lc ngun, lc nhiu mch truyn tn hiu,mch dao ng

a) Khi nim.T in l linh kin dung cn tr v phng np khi cn thit v c c

trng bi dung khng ph thuc vo tn s in p.

K hiu ca t in trong s nguyn l l:

T khng phn cc l t c hai cc nh nhau v gi tr thng nh (pF).T phn cc l t c hai cc tnh m v dng khng th dng ln ln nhau

c. C gi tr ln hn so vi t khng phn cc.



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b) Cu to.Cu to ca t in gm hai bn cc song song, gia c mt lp cch

in gi l in mi nh t ha, t gm, t giy

Hnh dng t trong thc t.

T gm.T ha.

4.2.it,LED. 4.2.1. it.



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c cu to t hai lp bn dn tip xc nhau. Diode c hai cc lAnot (A) v Katot (K). N ch cho dng mt chiu t A sang K v n c coi nhvan mt chiu trong mch in v c ng dng rng ri trong cc my thu thanhthu hnh, cc mch chnh lu, n nh in p.

Hnh dng diode trong thc t.

K hiu diode trong cc mch nguyn l.



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Nguyn tc hot ng ca diode: ch cho dng mt chiu t A n K chkhng cho dng chy ngc li.

4.2.2. LED.

LED l vit tt ca Light Emitting Diode, c ngha l it pht quang) lcc diode c kh nng pht ra nh sng hay tia hng ngoi , t ngoi. Cng gingnh it, LED c cu to t mt khi bn dn loi P ghp vi mt khi bn dnloi N

Tnh cht.Ty theo mc nng lng gii phng cao hay thp m bc sng nh sng

pht ra khc nhau (tc mu sc ca LED s khc nhau). Mc nng lng (v musc ca LED) hon ton ph thuc vo cu trc nng lng ca cc nguyn t cht

bn dn.

LED thng c in th phn cc thun cao hn it thng thng, trongkhong 1,5V n 3V. Nhng in th phn cc nghch LED th khng cao. Do, LED rt d b h hng do in th ngc gy ra.


Loi LED

in th phn cc

thun 1,4 - 1,8VVng 2 - 2,5VXanh lcy

2 - 2,8V


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4.3. IC 78xx , Transistor H10614.3.1. IC 78xx

L loi IC n p kh thng dng, cho u ra (chn3) ca IC mc in pn nh l 5V.

Vi nhng mch in khng i hi n nh ca in p qu cao, s dngIC n p thng c ngi thit k s dng v mch in kh n gin. Cc loin p thng c s dng l IC 78xx, vi xx l in p cn n p. V d 7805 np 5V, 7812 n p 12V. Vic dng cc loi IC n p 78xx tng t nhau, di yl minh ha cho IC n p 7805.

S pha di IC 7805 c 3 chn:- Chn s 1 l chn INPUT .- Chn s 2 l chn GND.- Chn s 3 l chn OUTPUT.

Ng ra OUT lun n nh 5V d in p t ngun cung cp thay i.4.3.2. Transistor H1061

L loi transistor thun- i vi transistor thun th in p ni vo cc chn ngc li vi

Transistor nghch. Ht ti di chuyn trong Transistor NPN l electron xut pht tcc E trong khi i vi transistor PNP th ht ti di chuyn l l trng xut pht tE.

- Trng hp ny l trng trong vng bn dn P ca cc E v C, do tc dngca lc tch in, s b di chuyn theo hng t cc E v cc C. Do cc B hnn l trng t vng bn dn P ca cc E s khng th vng bn dn N ca cc B

nn khng c hin tng ti hp gia l trng v electron v do khng c dngin qua transistor.

- Trng hp 2: Ni cc B vo in p m sao cho :VB < VE v V B > VC

- Trong trng hp ny vng bn P v N ca cc E v B ging nhDiod(gi l diod BE) c phn cc thun nn dn in, l trng t vng bn dn



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P ca cc E s sang vng bn dn N ca cc B ti hp vi electron. Khi vngbn dn N ca cc B c thm l trng nn c in tch dng. Cc B ni vo inp m ca ngun nn s ht mt s l trng trong vng bn dn N xung to thnhdng in IB. Cc C ni vo in p m cao hn nn ht hu ht l trng trong

vng bn dn N sang vng bn dn P ca cc C to thnh dng in I C . Cc E nivo ngun in p dng nn khi vng bn dn P b mt l trng s ht l trng tngun dng ln th ch to thnh dng in IE.


IB

E C

NPN

IE

ICB


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4.4. IC pht PT2248

IC PT2248 s dng cng ngh CMOS qui m ln ch to l mt loi linhkin pht xa m ha tia hng ngoi rt thng dng, phm vi in p ngun l2,2V~5,5V. V s dng cng ngh CMOS ch to nn cng sut tiu hao ccthp, dng trng thi tnh ch 10 A, n c th s dng nhiu t hp bn phm,linh kin bn ngoi rt t, m s ca n thch hp vi nhiu qui m khc, ch cnni ngoi linh kin LC hoc b dao ng gm gy l c th gy ra dao ng.

*Chc nng ca cc chn dn:

IC PT2248 s dng 16 chn v nha kiu cm thng hng.

- Chn 1: chn mass c ni vi cc m ca ngun in.



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- Chn 2 v 3: l hai u ni vi thch anh bn ngoi cho b to dao ng bn trong IC.

- Chn 4 9 (K1 - K6) : l u ca tn hiu bn phm kiu ma trn, cc chn tK1 n K6 kt hp vi cc chn 10 n 12 ( T1 T3) to thnh ma trn 18

phm.- Chn 13 ( CODE ): l chn m s dng kt hp vi cc chn T1 T2 to

ra t hp m h thng gia phn pht v phn thu.- Chn 14 (TEST): l chn dng kim tra m ca phn pht, bnh thng khi

khng s dng c th b trng.- Chn 15 ( TXout): l u ra ca tn hiu c iu ch FM.- Chn 16 ( Vcc): l chn cp ngun dng. S khi:

Bn trong IC PT2248 do b phn dao ng, b phn tn, b gii m, mchin u vo ca bn phm, b phn pht m s to thnh. Tham s cc hn ca PT 2248:



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Nguyn l hot ng:Trong IC PT2248 c cha b o pha CMOS l in tr nh thin cng

ni b dao ng bng thch anh hoc mch dao ng cng hng. Khi tn s cab phn dao ng thit k xc nh l 455kHz, th tn s pht x sng mang l38kHz. Ch khi c thao tc nhn phm mi c th to ra dao ng, v th m bocng sut ca n tiu hao thp. N c th thng qua cc chn K1 n K6 v u rath t thi gian chn T1 n T6 to ra bn phm 6x3 theo kiu ma trn. Ti T1su phm c sp xp c th ty chn to thnh 6x3 trng thi tn hiu lin tcc trnh by hnh di:

Hai hng phm T2 v T3 ch c th s dng phm n, hn na, mi khi n

vo phm mt ln ch c th pht x mt nhm mch xung iu khin xa. Nu nhcc phm cng hng ng thi c n xung th th t u tin lK1>K2>K3>K4>K5>K6. Khng c nhiu phm chc nng trn cng mt ngK, nu nh ng thi nhn phm th th t u tin ca n l T1>T2>T3.

Lnh pht ra ca n do m 12 bit to thnh, trong C1-C3 (code) l m sngi dng, c th dng xc nh cc m thc khc nhau, t hp C2, C3 phi



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hp vi mch IC thu PT2249. Mi loi t hp c 3 trng thi l 01, 10, 11 mkhng dng trng thi 00.

Lnh pht ra 12 bit nh sau:

Cc bit C1, C2, C3 c thc hin bng vic ni hay khng ni cc chn T1,T2, T3 vi chn code bng cc diode. Nu ni qua diode th cc C tng ng trthnh 1 v 0 khi khng c ni.

4.5. IC thu hng ngoi PT 2249IC ny cng c ch to bng cng ngh CMOS, n i cp vi IC pht

PT2248 to thnh b IC thu - pht trong iu khin xa bng tia hng ngoi.

* S chn:

* Chc nng cc chn:- Chn 1 (Vss): l chn mass c ni vi cc m ca ngun in.- Chn 2 (Rxin): l u vo tn hiu thu.- Cc chn 3 7 (HP1 - HP5): l u ra tn hiu lin tc. Ch cn thu c tn

hiu tng ng vi u ra no th u ra s lun duy tr mc logic 1.



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- Cc chn 8 12 (SP5 SP1): l u ra tn hiu khng lin tc. Ch cn thuc tn hiu tng ng vi u ra no th u ra s duy tr mc logic 1trong khong thi gian l 107ms.

- Chn 14 v 13 (CODE 2 v CODE 3): to ra cc t hp m h thng gia

phn pht v phn thu. M s ca hai chn ny phi ging t hp m h thng caphn pht th mi thu c tn hiu.

- Chn 15 (OSC): dng ni vi t in v in tr bn ngoi to ra dao ngcho mch.- Chn 16 (Vcc): l chn c ni vi cc dng ca ngun cung cp.

* S khi bn trong:

Do trong tn hiu pht ra ca IC pht c C1, C2 v C3 cung cp tn hiu ms cho ngi dng, v vy u tip nhn cn phi c tn hiu m s tng ng.

IC PT2248 phi hp vi m ngi dng ca IC PT2249 l:

u C (code) ni vi t in cho n t l 1, trc tip ni t l 0.4.6. IC 4017



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IC 4017 la IC m c 10 u ra nc cao.*S chn ca IC 4017 c biu din nh hnh v di y:

Nhn hnh v trn th:- Chn 16 ca IC c ni vi ngun dng vi mc in p t +3 15V DC.- Chn 8 c ni Mass.- Chn 14 l chn u vo ca xung clock.

- Chn 15 l chn Reset.- Chn 13 l chn Enable.- Cc chn cn li l cc u ra ca IC.

IC 4017 c10 ng ra mc cao lin tc nhau nh hnh di y:



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Ch c 1 ng ra c kch mc cao ti 1 thi im.

4.7. Mt nhn hng ngoi KSM-603LM.i vi modul mt thu trn th trng c 2 loi module mt thu tn hiu hng

ngoi. Mt loi v st v 1 loi v bng nha. Dng loi module ny chng cnhiu bn ngoi v thu c tn hiu xung quanh n. Ccxc nh chn rt n gin l:



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-Chn 1 l chn tn hiu out.-Chn 2 l chn GND.- Chn 3 l chn VCC.- mch ny em dng mt thu tn hiu hng ngoi c tn l KSM-603LM.

CHNG V: S V NGUYN L HOT NG CA MCH

5.1. Mch pht5.1.1. S nguyn l:

5.1.2.S board:



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5.1.3. Nguyn l hot ng:

T nguyn l ca IC PT2248 c th bit mi ln mch pht ra 2 nhm sliu, mi nhm s liu ca tn hiu pht ra l 12 bit, trong c 3 bit m ngidng, 6 bit m phm vo v 3 m lin tc hay khng lin tc. Khi ta nhn phm 1 th

ti phm ln mc cao 1. Chng hn, nh nhn phm s 1 th chn 4 (K1) lnmc cao v lc ny mch in bn phm np vo l 100000 hay m s ca s liu

pht ra D1-D5 l 100000 tng ng nh kt ni s nguyn l cc phm kt nivi T1 cng ln mc cao, cc phm cn li vn mc thp.Tn hiu mc cao nyi qua chn 15 ca IC PT2248 kch m chn B ca BJT A1266 ng thi ngun 3Vcp vo chn E ca BJT lm cho BJT ny dn tc ng vo Led pht ra tn hiuhng ngoi.



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5.2. Mch thu5.2.1. S nguyn l:

5.2.2. S board.



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5.2.3.Nguyn l hot ng:

Khi nhn phm 1 c ni vi chn 4 ca IC PT2248 b phn pht tngng LED pht s c nhim v bin dng in thnh quang pht x ra mi trng,



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LED thu nhn tn hiu bin i t quang thnh in, sau a qua b khuchi, tch sng loi b sng mang, ri a ti u vo ca IC PT2249. u tin ICtin hnh chnh hnh i vi tn hiu u vo, sau x l cc b phn dao ng,

b m s cng, b nh dch hng u vo, b nh dch hng kim tra s liu ghi,

mch xung u vo, kim tra m, o kim tra sai st cui cng l mch hm xungu vo m ng ra lin tc .

i vi mch iu khin ng c: khi ta nhn 1 phm bt k mchpht th tn hiu lin tc tng ng mch thu cng a n cc ng ra lin tc.Khi nhn c tn hiu sau khi x l, ng ra s ln mc cao trong mt khong thigian ngn, cc ng ny c ni n mch iu khin ng ngt ng c iukhin ng c hot ng theo mun.

5.3. Mch ng lc v iu khin ng c.5.3.1. S nguyn l:



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5.3.2. S board:



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5.3.3.Nguyn l hot ng:

Tn hiu t chn 3 ca IC PT2249 c cp vo chn 14 (chn clock) ca

IC 4017.Do IC 4017 l IC m dch bt u ra mc cao. Khi ta nhn nt nhn S1 mch pht ln th nht th u ra s l chn 2 ca IC 4017 qua Transistor C828khuch i kch m cho BJT H1061 (T1) dn ng thi BJT H1061 (T2) dn lmcho ng c quay theo chiu thun. Khi ta nhn nt nhn S1 ln th 2 th u ra sl chn 4 cua IC 4017 qua Transistor C828 khuch i kch m cho BJT H1061(T2) dn ng thi BJT H1061 (T4) dn lm cho ng c quay theo chiu nghch.Khi ta nhn nt nhn S1 ln th 3 thi u ra s l chn 7 ca IC 4017 nhng dochn 7 ca IC 4017 c ni vi chn 15 (chn reset) lm cho ng c dng li.



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TI LIU THAM KHO.

1: in t cng sut.Nguyn Bnh

Nh xut bn KHKT H Ni 20002: Tnh ton v thit k thit b in t cng sut.Trn Vn Thnh.

Nh xut bn GD 20053: My in.

V Gia Hanh Trn Khnh H Phan T Th - Nguyn Vn Su.Nh xut bn KHKT H Ni 20034: Linh kin in t.

Nguyn Tn Phc.

V mt s ti liu khc.



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Phn GV hng dn phn bin.

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