dujiangayn dreams final presentation
DESCRIPTION
group final presenations (Urban-Rural, Spatial Economies, Spatial Structure, Urban Equity, Urban Heritage, Shelter Transformation) on post-disaster reconstruction in Dujiangyan Dreams workshop, with International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU), Urban Emergencies in Faculty of Architecture (Urbanism, Architecture, Real Estate & Housing, Building Technology) at TU Delft, with Southwest Jiaotong University at Chengdu, China.TRANSCRIPT
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1POST-DISASTER2
SICHUANSICHUANtrans-disciplinary inter-university summer workshop, 2010Dujiangyan DREAMSExploring Potentials for Development from Disaster
:organized by
UrbanEmergencies.orgFaculty of Architecture, TU Delft
International Forum on Urbanismhosted by
Southwest Jiaotong University
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ruralurban
NewMigrants: Alena van der Veen, Chao Yang, Claire van Enk, Dieuwer Duijf, Long Yi, Sun Chaoran, Ying Chen, Yiyi Yang
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Urban Rural
Process
Content
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Urban RuralAnalysis
2010 2050
Rural Urban China
China
Sichuan
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Urban RuralAnalysisRural China
600,000,000 300,000,000
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Urban RuralAnalysisRural China
1,000,000 villages
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AnalysisRural China
2000m2
Urban Rural
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AnalysisRural China
- Agriculture accounts for 10% of the total GDP in China (2009)
- Production is not efficient enough
- Chinese production ways have not been modernized in terms of scales and technique
Urban Rural
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AnalysisRural China Urban Rural
Mr. Migrant
Opportunistic Forced
Do not loose landHave no welfareDifferent rights
Risk of unemploymentLoss of traditional identity
...
Loss of landReceive welfareSame rightsRisk of unemploymentLoss of traditional identity...
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Urban Rural
Western Development Strategy
3 Concentration model
AnalysisGovernment Policy
People and Villages Agriculture
Industry
THREECONCENTRATION!
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Urban Rural
Spatial plans
Sichuan development Chengdu development
AnalysisGovernment Policy
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Urban RuralAnalysisStatus Quo
NOW 2015 2030
ARABLE LAND (sqm)
GDP (yuan)
ECO-FOOTPRINT (h
a)
POPULATION
Happiness Index
Captial Accumulation
Government subsidy
Privatising land resources
Concentration of land
Reproduction on enlarged scale
Large-scale farming
Enlargement of farming scale
Development of related industry
Improvement on infrastructure
Status Quo
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Urban Rural
2010 2030Future situation large scale farming:Enhancement:- local development through monetary flow.Constraints:- Will the farmer benefit?- Who is the developer?
AnalysisStatus Quo
Monetary and production flow
Farmers sell to industry and traders Products
Small benefit for farmers and village
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Urban Rural
Flow of people
2010 2015 2030
AnalysisStatus Quo
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Urban Rural
2010 2020 2030
AnalysisStatus Quo
Spatial Development
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AnalysisStatus Quo
Urban
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Urban Rural
The Visions
Urbanization
RURAL
forcedopportunistic
URBAN
Migration
Villagers
Cititzens
VisionThe Urbanisation and Migration
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Urban RuralVisionThe Future Village
LOCAL IDENTITY
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VisionThe Future Village
TOURISM Source: www.gov.cn
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VisionThe Future Village
TECHNOLOGYSource: www.terrington-machinery.co.uk
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Urban Rural
Create new potentials for agricultural villages by enhanc-ing the connectivity, organization and enforce a
new local identity.
VisionThe Future Village
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Urban Rural
The Future VillageVisionVisionThe Future City
MIX USESource: www.axisonline.net
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Urban RuralVisionThe Future City
REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY Source: sl.iciba.com
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VisionThe Future City
URBAN AGRICULTURE Source: cuba.agriculture.com
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Urban Rural
Integrate rural tradition and economy into new urban typologies and tourist development.
VisionThe Future City
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Urban Rural
Urban
Rural
ConceptUrban, migration, rural
Migration
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Urban Rural
Urban
Rural
ConceptUrban, migration, rural
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Urban Rural
Urban
Rural
Migration / transition
ConceptRural, migration, urban
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Urban RuralStrategyOverall strategy
Donor villages
Axes Integration Point Hybrids
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Urban RuralStrategyDonor Villages
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Urban RuralStrategyDonor Villages
1. Light Green Agriculture2. Organic Agriculture3. Characteristic Agriculture
..we are comingdown!
?!We are coming
down!!
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Urban Rural
1. Light Green Agriculture Large scale focus on Sustainability 2. Organic Agriculture 3. Characteristic Agriculture
StrategyDonor Villages
NOW 2015 2030
ARABLE LAND (sqm)
GDP (yuan)
ECO-FOOTPRINT (h
a)
POPULATION
Happiness Index
Captial Accumulation
Government subsidy
Privatising land resources
Concentration of land
Reproduction on enlarged scale
Large-scale farming
Enlargement of farming scale
Improvement on infrastructure
Looking for added value
Agriculture Research Center
Development of related industry
Hi-tech agriculture
specialized knowledge.
farmers leave rural for urban for jobs.shortage of infrastructure.pollution upon local ecological system.increasing efficiency in production.
appealling for investment.
changing of the spatial pattern of the villages.concentration of the public facilities.out-driving of local inhabitants.
loss in local tradition.
promoting local business.boom in farmers income.more job opportunities.
open up new market.more job opportunities.
Large-scale Farming
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Urban Rural
1. Light Green Agriculture Large scale focus on Sustainability 2. Organic Agriculture 3. Characteristic Agriculture
StrategyDonor Villages
NOW 2015 2030
ARABLE LAND (sqm)
GDP (yuan)
ECO-FOOTPRINT (h
a)
POPULATION
Happiness Index
Captial Accumulation
Government subsidy
Privatising land resources
Concentration of land
Reproduction on enlarged scale
Large-scale farming
Enlargement of farming scale
Improvement on infrastructure
Looking for added value
Agriculture Research Center
Development of related industry
Hi-tech agriculture
specialized knowledge.
farmers leave rural for urban for jobs.shortage of infrastructure.pollution upon local ecological system.increasing efficiency in production.
appealling for investment.
changing of the spatial pattern of the villages.concentration of the public facilities.out-driving of local inhabitants.
loss in local tradition.
promoting local business.boom in farmers income.more job opportunities.
open up new market.more job opportunities.
Large-scale Farming
-
Urban Rural
1. Light Green Agriculture 2. Organic Agriculture Concentrated on local farming3. Characteristic Agriculture
NOW 2015 2030
ARABLE LAND (sqm)
GDP (yuan)
ECO-FOOTPRINT (h
a)
POPULATION
Happiness Index
Captial Accumulation
Improvement on infrastructure
Government Subsidy
Subsidised Training
Collective Farming
Rural/urban UnderstandingSelf-orientation
Organic agriculture
Agriculture Research Center
Agrotourism
Reproduction on enlarged scale
Related industries
Brandization
appealling for investment.
ease the friction between rural/urban developing.
Increase in income.decrease in migrating tendency .
building up farmers capacity.
increase in income.increasing attention on the environment protection.new investment. increase in job opportunities.
added value to agriculture.increasing consciousness in environment protection.
increase in sales.enhance in market ability.
increase in farmers income.more job opportunities.
specialized knowledge.
Ecological Agriculture
StrategyDonor Villages
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Urban Rural
1. Light Green Agriculture 2. Organic Agriculture Concentrated on local farming3. Characteristic Agriculture
StrategyDonor Villages
NOW 2015 2030
ARABLE LAND (sqm)
GDP (yuan)
ECO-FOOTPRINT (h
a)
POPULATION
Happiness Index
Captial Accumulation
Improvement on infrastructure
Government Subsidy
Subsidised Training
Collective Farming
Rural/urban UnderstandingSelf-orientation
Organic agriculture
Agriculture Research Center
Agrotourism
Reproduction on enlarged scale
Related industries
Brandization
appealling for investment.
ease the friction between rural/urban developing.
Increase in income.decrease in migrating tendency .
building up farmers capacity.
increase in income.increasing attention on the environment protection.new investment. increase in job opportunities.
added value to agriculture.increasing consciousness in environment protection.
increase in sales.enhance in market ability.
increase in farmers income.more job opportunities.
specialized knowledge.
Ecological Agriculture
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Urban Rural
1. Light Green Agriculture 2. Organic Agriculture 3. Characteristic Agriculture Specialising in one product
StrategyDonor Villages
NOW 2015 2030
ARABLE LAND (sqm)
GDP (yuan)
ECO-FOOTPRINT (h
a)
POPULATION
Happiness Index
Captial Accumulation
Improvement on infrastructure
Government Subsidy
Subsidised Training
Collective Farming
Self-orientation
Charateristic agriculture
Agriculture Research Center
Related Industry
Brandization
Reproduction on enlarged scale
Organic agriculture
Agrotourism
Increase in income.decrease in migrating tendency .
building up farmers capacity.
appealling for investment.
added value to agriculture.increasing consciousness in environment protection.
increase in sales.enhance in the market ability.
increase in income.new investment. increase in job opportunities.consciousness of environment protection.
expand market.increase in income.
increase in farmers income.more job opportunities.
specialized knowledge.
Charateristic Agriculture
-
Urban RuralStrategyDonor Villages
NOW 2015 2030
ARABLE LAND (sqm)
GDP (yuan)
ECO-FOOTPRINT (h
a)
POPULATION
Happiness Index
Captial Accumulation
Improvement on infrastructure
Government Subsidy
Subsidised Training
Collective Farming
Self-orientation
Charateristic agriculture
Agriculture Research Center
Related Industry
Brandization
Reproduction on enlarged scale
Organic agriculture
Agrotourism
Increase in income.decrease in migrating tendency .
building up farmers capacity.
appealling for investment.
added value to agriculture.increasing consciousness in environment protection.
increase in sales.enhance in the market ability.
increase in income.new investment. increase in job opportunities.consciousness of environment protection.
expand market.increase in income.
increase in farmers income.more job opportunities.
specialized knowledge.
Charateristic Agriculture1. Light Green Agriculture 2. Organic Agriculture 3. Characteristic Agriculture Specialising in one product
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Urban Rural
Situation now
1. Light Green Agriculture 2. Organic Farming 3. Characteristic Farming
2010 2015 2030
StrategyDonor Villages
2010 2015 20302010 2015 2030
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Urban Rural
Situation future with strategy
1. Light Green Agriculture 2. Organic Farming 3. Characteristic Farming
2010 2015 2030
StrategyDonor Villages
2010 2015 2030
Tourists: short-term interchangeResidents: long-term interchange
2010 2015 2030
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Urban Rural
Situation now
1. Light Green Agriculture 2. Organic Farming 3. Characteristic Farming
2010 2030
Future situation characteristic agriculture:Enhancement:- local development through building a new local economyConstraints:- Control dividing of development?- Who is the developer?
2010 2030
Future situation characteristic agriculture:Enhancement:- local development through building a new local economyConstraints:- Control dividing of development?- Who is the developer?
2010 2030
Future situation characteristic agriculture:Enhancement:- local development through building a new local economyConstraints:- Control dividing of development?- Who is the developer?
StrategyDonor Villages
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Urban Rural
Situation future with strategy
1. Light Green Agriculture 2. Organic Farming 3. Characteristic Farming
2010 2030Future situation large scale farming:Enhancement:- local development through monetary flow.Constraints:- Will the farmer benefit?- Who is the developer?
StrategyDonor Villages
203020102010 2030
Future situation characteristic agriculture:Enhancement:- local development through building a new local economyConstraints:- Control dividing of development?- Who is the developer?
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Urban Rural
Situation now
1. Light Green Agriculture 2. Organic Farming 3. Characteristic Farming
2010 2020 2030
StrategyDonor Villages
2010 2020 20302010 2020 2030
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Urban Rural
Situation future with strategy
1. Light Green Agriculture 2. Organic Farming 3. Characteristic Farming
2010 2020 2030
StrategyDonor Villages
2010 2020 20302010 2020 2030
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Urban RuralStrategyDonor Villages
Light Green Agriculture
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Urban RuralStrategyDonor Villages
Organic Agriculture
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Urban RuralCharacteristic AgricultureStrategyDonor Villages
Characteristic Agriculture
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Urban RuralStrategyAxes
From rural to urban - Transport and sell products - Different typologies along axes
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Urban RuralStrategyAxes
Water structure
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Urban RuralStrategyAxes
Zone 1 Zone 2
Zone 33 Zones with different typologies
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Urban RuralStrategyAxes
1
4
Axes along water structure
2
3
1
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Urban RuralStrategyAxes Zone 1
Mix of typology
Commercial Functions
2
3
Sale of products
Mix of typology
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Urban RuralStrategyAxes Zone 2
2
3
Teahouses
Commercial Functions
Residence
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Urban RuralStrategyAxes Zone 3
2
3
Village and city meet
Leisure green
Residence for farmers
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Urban RuralStrategyAxes
AXES ZONE 3
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Urban Rural
1. Connection between voids & axes
2. The network of voids
3. The transition possibility in voids
StrategyIntegration Point
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Urban Rural
2nd Ring - Small voids - Private urban agriculture - Disaster squares - Green houses - Temporary housing - Informal markets
StrategyIntegration Point
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Urban Rural
2nd Ring - Small voids - Private urban agriculture - Disaster squares - Green houses - Temporary housing - Informal markets
3rd Ring - Houses for migrating people - Leisure space - Eco-industry - Social facilities
Strategy
Integration Point
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Urban Rural
Strategy
Integration Point
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Urban Rural
Employee
Self-owned Business 15000 3~15+35+5.5
0+35+5.515000
Job Groups Income Area working living others(working+living+others)
mm / ppyuan / yr
Employee
Urban Agriculture
Self-owned Business 10000 2~12+12+5.5
7000
0+12+5.5
40~50+12+5.5
10000
Urban Agriculture 10000 55~70+35+5.5
Analysis
Purpose
Permanent Use
50%
50%
2.5%
15%
2.5%
32.5%
17.5%
30%
Temporary Use
Proportion
StrategyIntegration Point
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Urban RuralStrategy
Public green
Urban agriculture
Situation now
Situation Future
Tourism and leisure area
Tourism and leisure
Integration Point
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Urban Rural
Mix use: - Dwelling - Agriculture - Tourism - Local economy
StrategyHybrids
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Urban RuralStrategyHybrids
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Urban RuralStrategy
New Urban Typology
Hybrids
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Urban RuralStrategy
Mix Use
Hybrids
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Urban RuralConclusion
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Urban RuralConclusionDonor Villages
Light Green AgricultureOrganic AgricultureCharacteristic
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Urban RuralConclusionAxes
Zone 1Zone 2Zone 3
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Urban RuralConclusionHybrids
Mix Use
DwellingAgricultureCommercial
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Urban RuralConclusionIntegration Points
TransitionVillager to Citizen
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Urban Rural
48 52
70 30
Conclusion
Providing qualities in both rural and urban areas, creating balance and constant flow of people and products
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Urban RuralConclusion
UrbanTransitionRural
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Urban RuralConclusion
Donor Village - Large Scale Agricul-ture
Donor Village - Organic Agriculture
Donor Village- Characteristic Agriculture
New Urban Typologies
Axes
UrbanTransitionRural
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Questions?
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Urban RuralStrategyNew Urban Typology 2
Groups Income Area working living others(working+living+others)
mm / ppyuan / yr
Employee
Urban Agriculture
Self-owned Business 10000 2~12+12+5.5
7000
0+12+5.5
40~50+12+5.5
10000
Analysis
China
5%
60%
35%
Groups Income Area working living others(working+living+others)
mm / ppyuan / yr
Employee
Urban Agriculture
Self-owned Business 10000 2~12+12+5.5
7000
0+12+5.5
40~50+12+5.5
10000
Analysis
Groups Income Area working living others(working+living+others)
mm / ppyuan / yr
Employee
Urban Agriculture
Self-owned Business 10000 2~12+12+5.5
7000
0+12+5.5
40~50+12+5.5
10000
Analysis
-
Urban Rural
Residential in 5 fioor
Residential in 3 fioor
Urban agriculture area
Residential area
Low speed traffic
2
1
Residential in 5 fioor
Residential in 3 fioor
Urban agriculture area
Residential area
Low speed traffic
2
1StrategyNew Urban Typology 2
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Urban Rural
Urban agriculture area
Commertial area
Residential in 5 fioor
Leisure spase
Platform -
Residential area
Low speed traffic
Residential with first floor commertial
4~5 years later
Urban agriculture area
Commertial area
Residential in 5 fioor
Leisure spase
Platform -
Residential area
Low speed traffic
Residential with first floor commertial
4~5 years later
StrategyNew Urban Typology 2
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SPATIAL ECONOMIES
DUJIANGYAN DREAMS 2010UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
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ANALYSISSTRATEGYSAMPLE PROJECTS INNER CITY RIVER MOUNTAIN RURALORGANIZATION MODELSREFLECTIONS
CONTENTS
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UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
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GY
SA
MP
LE P
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JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
GLOBAL VIEW
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MP
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JEC
TSR
EFL
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TIO
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
JUYUAN
QINGCHENG ZHONGXING
LIANGHE
DAOMING
JIXIECHONGZHOU
JINFENG
NANYANG
PENGZHOU
XINFAN
XINDUPIXIAN
YONGNING
WENJIANG
YUSHI
DUJIANGYAN
QINGCHENG MT
CHENGDU
in 1 hourin 30 minutes
Inte
rnat
ional
flight
in 30 minutes
LONGCHI MT
REGIONAL VIEW
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UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
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SA
MP
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JEC
TSR
EFL
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TIO
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
DUJIANGYAN INDUSTRIES
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TSR
EFL
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
DUJIANGYAN INDUSTRIES
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UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
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EFL
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
SWOT
TOURISMENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESSWATER RECREATIONSUSTAINABILITYREAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS
STRENGTHS + OPPORTUNITIES
+
ECONOMIC MISMANAGEMENTSOCIAL DAMAGEHOMOGENIC DEVELOPMENTOPAQUE DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES
WEAKNESESS + THREATS
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
NATIONAL TOURISM
CHENGDU
DUJIANGYAN
FLIGHT LINES
TRAVELING ROUTES IN SICHUAN
CAPITAL CITIES OF PROVINCES
TOURISM SPOTS
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UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
REGIONAL TOURISM
EMEI MT
RUOERGAI
LESHAN
MABIAN
JIANMENGUANGWU MT
LUOJIE MT
SUTIE
FENGTONG
GONGGA MT
HUANGLONG
JIUZHAIGOU
SIGUNIANG MT
TOURISM VILLAGE
TOURISM LANDSCAPES AND BUILDINGS
TOURISM MOUTAINS
CHENGDU
DUJIANGYAN
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
PROBLEM
EXISTING PLAN IS TOO NARROW: ONLY FOCUSED ON CULTURAL TOURISM IN CENTER
DOES NOT CONSIDER:
EFFECTS ON SOCIAL GROUPS LONG TERM ECONOMIC VITALITY
POLITICIAN INVESTOR FARMER LOCAL RESIDENTTOURIST
2020 2050
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UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
PROBLEM
INFRUSTRUC-TURE
high-speed trainpublic transfor-
tation
SOCIAL NETWORKSeducation
opportunities jobs
FACILITIEStourism facilities
new public spaces
DIVERSITY PRODUCTIONS
eco foodshandcraft
small business
DIVERSITY TOURISM
high-speed train
highway
INFRUSTRUC-TURE
FACILITIEShotels
restaurantsentertainment
SINGLE TOURISM
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
VISION
INFRUSTRUC-TURE
high-speed trainpublic transfor-
tation
SOCIAL NETWORKSeducation
opportunities jobs
FACILITIEStourism facilities
new public spaces
DIVERSITY PRODUCTIONS
eco foodshandcraft
small business
DIVERSITY TOURISM
high-speed train
highway
INFRUSTRUC-TURE
FACILITIEShotels
restaurantsentertainment
SINGLE TOURISM
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UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
WE PROPOSE:CREATE VARIOUS TYPES OF TOURISM WHICH SUPPORT A LONG TERM ECONOMIC VITALITY THAT IS IN THE INTEREST OF ALL SOCIAL GROUPS
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URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
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UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
AN
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MP
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TSR
EFL
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
TYPES OF TOURISM
Economic vitality
CulturalTourism
Eco-Tourism
AquaTourism
RuralTourism
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
REGIONAL STRATEGY
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UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
CITY STRATEGY
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
RURAL STRATEGY
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UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
SAMPLE LOCATIONS
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
INNER CITY
CONTEXT
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UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
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MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
INNER CITY
VIEW OF SITE
-
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
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GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
IZAT
ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
INNER CITY
PUBLIC + PRIVATE SPACE
-
UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
ATE
GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
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ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
INNER CITY
INFROMAL ACTIVITIES
-
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
ATE
GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
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ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
INNER CITY
CONCEPT
-
UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
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GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
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MO
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
INNER CITY
DESIGN
-
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
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GY
SA
MP
LE P
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JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
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ION
MO
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
INNER CITY
DESIGN
-
UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
ATE
GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
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ION
MO
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
RIVER
CONTEXT
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AN
ALY
SIS
STR
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GY
SA
MP
LE P
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JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
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ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
RIVER
CONCEPT
NEW FACILITIES
EXPANDED RECREATION AREA
CONTROLLED WATER FLOW
BEACH
PROMENADE
FISHING/CAYAKING
CAMPMIXED USE
SORROUNDINGS MAINTAINED
-
UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
ATE
GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
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ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
RIVER
DESIGN
-
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
ATE
GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
IZAT
ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
RIVER
EXISTING
-
UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
ATE
GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
IZAT
ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
RIVER
PROPOSED
-
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
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GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
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ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
RURUAL
CONTEXT
-
UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
ATE
GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
IZAT
ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
RURUAL
EXISTING
-
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
ATE
GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
IZAT
ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
RURUAL
PROPOSED
-
UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
ATE
GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
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ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
RURUAL
SECTION
-
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
ATE
GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
IZAT
ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
RURUAL
LINPAN TYPOLOGY
CLUSTERED FARMS
RURAL IDENTITY
-
UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
ATE
GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
IZAT
ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
RURUAL
GOVERNMENT POLICY
GOVERNMENT POLICY:
CENTRALIZE LINPANS
POSSIBLE LOSS OF IDENTITYC
-
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
ATE
GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
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ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
RURUAL
STRATEGY
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
MAINTAIN RURAL IDEN-TITY
-
UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
ATE
GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
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ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
MOUNTAIN
CONTEXT
OLD BUILDINGS
NEW DEVELOPING AREARIVER AND LAKEOLD NONGJIALE
NEW NONGJIALE
Longchi national park
new Nongjiale service
building of Nongjiale in construction
new town center
new houses for local farmers
the biggest local victims camp
temporary building material factory
fishman fishinging the lake
CAMP
-
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
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GY
SA
MP
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JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
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OR
GN
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ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
MOUNTAIN
DESIGN
-
UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
ATE
GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
IZAT
ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
MOUNTAIN
DESIGN
-
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
ATE
GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
IZAT
ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
MOUNTAIN
EXISTING
-
UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
ATE
GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
IZAT
ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
MOUNTAIN
PROPOSED
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AN
ALY
SIS
STR
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GY
SA
MP
LE P
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JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
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OR
GN
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ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
PRIORITY IN PROJECTS TIMELINE
2010
PROJECT PRIORITY TIMELINE
INTE
NS
ITY
Rural Tourism
Nongjiale
Waterfront
City center
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
-
UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
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GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
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MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
REDEVELOPMENT PROCESS
-
AN
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SIS
STR
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GY
SA
MP
LE P
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JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
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ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
MICRO BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
-
UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
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GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
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ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
-
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
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GY
SA
MP
LE P
RO
JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
IZAT
ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
DUJIANGYAN INDUSTRIES
-
UURBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
AN
ALY
SIS
STR
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GY
SA
MP
LE P
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JEC
TSR
EFL
EC
TIO
NS
OR
GN
IZAT
ION
MO
DE
LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
REFLECTIONS
Local Farmer:- keeps identity- earns more money- diversied income- bottum up planning
2008 2015 2020 2030
Citizen- more social interaction- more urban quality- identity under pressure- bottom up planning
Tourist- higher quality accomodations- variety in attractions to choose from
Ecological challenge:- possible natural deterioration- use benets form tourism to counteract this deterioration- higher cost of living for tourist and locals
Urban chanllenge:- tourism can bring urban quality- possible threat to urban cultural identity- more social interaction
Rural Challenge:-industrial farming will lead to higer production- farming will become more centralized
urban identity
environ
mental pre
ssure
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AN
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SA
MP
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TSR
EFL
EC
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MO
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LSSPACIAL ECONOMIESU
URBANEMERGENCIESCASESTUDY SICHUAN
THANK YOU
-
Spatial StructuresDujiangyan Watertree
Jue WangWouter PocornieNicolien Kipp
Diogo Pires Ferreira
Dan Luo
Xi Zhang
Xiaofel Zhang
Mentor: Charles
-
2010
600 000 inhabitants
2020
900 000 inhabitants
-
5.12 (2008) Wen Chuan earthquake Future Vision (2030)
-
Water
Tourism
Identity
EnergyMobility
Infra-struc ture
Public Spaces
PilotProjects
Cultural Market- ability
Social ex- change
Acces-sibility
-
WA
L
K
I
N
G
M
A
P
P
I
N
G
D
R
E
A
M
I
N
G
-
XL
M
S
-
Theatrical Corridor
Knowledge Island
City Terrace
-
u: }})
-
u: }})
-
u: }}) ......... __ ,' ' ,' ' ,, ' ,. ' . ' . ' I I ' ' , , ShiFang '
popu atio"' 430,000
Du Jiangv'an -..../ popula on ~0,000 .;.;2,300 tamers. 167 ()Q
____ , -- . ,-;
Peng Zhou population 780.000
,--.... -- . ~~ --,- .
' ... ,
' ' .. __
'
,
' ' , , ,
'
DaYi
Chong Zhou popula on 641 ,SOO
' population 500.,000 ' , ,
Qlong Lai popula on 650,000
popu
X. J. I man. pqpulation 30 ,80()
' ,., / '---- .. , ... , . ___ ,
. ,-
. , ' , .. ___ ,
..... , __ ,
-
-
, , , , , , , , ,
Guang Han population 870,000
GuangH~n population 870:000
-- ,
JinTang popula on 870,00~
' ' ' ' ...
----- .. _____.......
' LongQuan population 560,000
... ,
' ' , ... ____ ,
Jian Yang population 1.400,000
Here, before starting the city scale, we would like to introduce the scale of the cities around Dujiangyan,and then highlight that the train stops in 4 cities before reaching Dujiangyan. (2clicks)
-
u: }}) ... , __ _ ,' ' # ... ; ): .. -
-
City
Terrace
-
City Terrace
-
structuring elements:water
mountains
-
structuring elements:water
mountains
-
city structure:built environment
road network
-
city structure:built environment
road network
-
roadnetwork:main roads
highlighting the current access to the city by road
-
roadnetwork:main roads
supporting roads
highlighting the current access to the city by road
-
Inner streets
the secondary flow supporters in yellow
-
Emergency reliefs
considering the wide streets as safe for emergency situations; like wide corridors to access hospitals.as well big crossings without buildings around making easy the access by helicopters.
-
dam damage after earthquake 2008
-
doom scenario turned into adream scenario
-
Theatrical CorridorKnowledge Island
City Terrace
-
trainline & -stations:existing
new
-
trainline & -stations:existing
new
-
Based to create the potential map:circles of 500 m radios / 1km radios to analyze the future effects of the spine around the city.
-
what is going to be the effects of the newspine
-
Theatrical Corridor
what is going to be the effects of the newspine
-
Theatrical Corridor
Knowledge Island
City Terrace
-
open spaces:regional scale
-
open spaces:regional scalecity scale
-
open spaces:regional scalecity scalelocal scale
-
open spaces:regional scalecity scalelocal scale
-
open spaces:regional scalecity scalelocal scale
-
:open spaces:research
-
human view
definition of public space:commercial areas
-
human view
definition of public space:commercial areas
communities
-
human view
definition of public space:commercial areas
communitiesleisure
-
human view
definition of public space:commercial areas
communitiesleisure
schools
-
definition of public space:commercial areas
communitiesleisure
schoolsservices
-
definition of public space:commercial areas
communitiesleisure
schoolsservicies
hotels
-
definition of public space:commercial areas
communitiesleisure
schoolsservicies
hotelscurrent public spaces
-
Knowledge Island
-
public transportcommercial points
but if we analyze the commercial points;
-
public transportcommercial points
factories
and current factories, we have well connected the work place to the home place.But... then if the city starts to grow?!
-
the current bus lines: doesnt serve the whole city
-
zones for future roadnetwork:main touristic cluster
future touristic attractionsfuture commercial activities
current factories/growingschools + communities
new communities
the potential area for the new communities in the future.Then with the grow of the city we could ask: is the taxi and tuktuks enough to serve the whole city?
-
8 bus lines around the city in a dedicated lane with intermodals points,which is going to generate one backbone of commercial development.
-
with the streets hierarchy the tuktuks are not going to affect the bus speed,although still working in small scale like pockets around neighborhoods
-
Dujiangyan Dreams
City Terrace
Theatrical Corridor
Knowledge Island
-
11
Urban Equity
1Urban Equity
-
2Urban Equity
3
Mark Halbmeijer
Sara King
Jo Zhou
Dan Ding
Carrot Luo
Jeremy Verhoef
Nathalie Bruyn
Freda Zhang
Hein de Haan
Group
4
-
2 33
Urban Equity
2008... DUJIANGYAN HIT BY AN EARTHQUAKE
-
4Urban Equity
5
...
THE CITY IN RUBBLE
-
4 55
Urban Equity
...
THE CITY IN RUBBLE
-
6Urban Equity
7
...
THE CITY IN RUBBLE
-
6 77
Urban Equity
...
THE CITY IN RUBBLE
-
8Urban Equity
9
EARTHQUAKE VICTIMS
-
8 99
Urban Equity
EARTHQUAKE VICTIMS
-
10
Urban Equity
11
EARTHQUAKE VICTIMS
-
10 1111
Urban Equity
EARTHQUAKE VICTIMS
-
12
Urban Equity
13
EARTHQUAKE VICTIMS
-
14 1515
Urban Equity
SHELTER CAMPS
DAMAGED CITY VICTIMS
REDEVELOPMENTS
WAITING
TOURISTSINFORMAL DEVELOPMENTS
MIGRANTS
RESIDENTS EXPANSION CC
DAMAGED HOUSES
WAITINGREBUILDING
IS THERE URBAN EQUITY?
ACCESS TO THE CITY ON EVERY SCALEACCESS TO
PUBLIC TRANSPORT ?PUBLIC SERVICES ?
LIVEABLE SHELTER ?AFFORDABLE LIVE AND WORK SPACE ?
AID ?
-
16
Urban Equity
17
GOVERNMENT POLICY
TOURISM
EXPANSION
VICTIMS
I HAVE A HOUSE !
I HAVE NO MONEY....
-
16 1717
Urban Equity
I HAVE NO MONEY....
FUTURE THREATS...
SEGREGATION
INTEGRATION
> INTERACTION= RESILIENT COMMUNITY= SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY
FUNCTIONALFINANCIAL
COM M ERCIAL
CENTER
MICRO MACRO
MICRO MACRO
MICRO MACRO
LESS WORK OPPORTUNITIES
GLOBAL PHENOMENONSOCIAL SEGREGATION
SEPARATION
GATED COMMUNITIES
SEGREGATION
FUNCTIONS
ECONOMIES
-
18
Urban Equity
19
SAFEGUARD AGAINST IT
GOAL
EMANCIPATION OF MARGINALISED SOCIETY IMPROVING THEIR LIVEABILITY
THE BEST CITY IS A MIXED AND BALANCED CITY
-
18 1919
Urban Equity
STARTING POINTS
MICRO MACRO
MICRO MACRO
MICRO MACRO
-
20
Urban Equity
21
STARTING POINTSSEGREGATION
INTEGRATION
> INTERACTION= RESILIENT COMMUNITY= SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY
FUNCTIONALFINANCIAL
MICRO MACRO
MICRO MACRO
MICRO MACRO
-
20 2121
Urban Equity
STARTING POINTSSEGREGATION
INTEGRATION
> INTERACTION= RESILIENT COMMUNITY= SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY
FUNCTIONALFINANCIAL
IDENTITY
EMBRACE CULTURAL TYPOLOGIES
MAJONG!
MICRO MACRO
MICRO MACRO
MICRO MACRO
-
22
Urban Equity
23
STARTING POINTSSEGREGATION
INTEGRATION
> INTERACTION= RESILIENT COMMUNITY= SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY
FUNCTIONALFINANCIAL
INVOLVE
VARIED PROGRAMLESS VACANCYRESILIENT COMMUNITYCONTROL OVER THEIR FUTURE
IDENTITY
EMBRACE CULTURAL TYPOLOGIES
MAJONG!
MICRO MACRO
MICRO MACRO
MICRO MACRO
-
22 2323
Urban Equity
STARTING POINTSSEGREGATION
INTEGRATION
> INTERACTION= RESILIENT COMMUNITY= SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY
FUNCTIONALFINANCIAL
INVOLVE
VARIED PROGRAMLESS VACANCYRESILIENT COMMUNITYCONTROL OVER THEIR FUTURE
IDENTITY
EMBRACE CULTURAL TYPOLOGIES
MAJONG!
MICRO MACRO
MICRO MACRO
MICRO MACRO
RRRREPAIR RE-USE RECYCLE
-
24
Urban Equity
25
MANAGEMENTPLAN
URBANSTRUCTURE
TYPOLOGICALELEMENTS
FUNCTIONALPROGRAM
DESIGN PROPOSALS
HISTORICAL CITY CENTRE
CITY BLOCK
GATED COMMUNITY
WHERE
CASE STUDIES
-
24 2525
Urban Equity
1. HISTORICAL CITY CENTER 2. CITY BLOCK
3. GATED COMMUNITY
-
26
Urban Equity
27
LEGENDBUS FLOWMACRO ECONOMIC FLOW
MICRO ECONOMIC FLOWPEDESTRIAN
1. HISTORICAL CITY CENTRE
-
26 2727
Urban Equity
1. HISTORICAL CITY CENTRE
STRENGHTSFUNCTIONAL MIXCULTURAL HERITAGE
WEAKNESSBAD ACCESSIBILITY
WE DONT WANT TO MOVE
-
28
Urban Equity
29
1. HISTORICAL CITY CENTRE
MAIN ROUTE DAILY ACTIVITY INTENSITY NIGHT ACTIVITY INTENSITY
SHOP
SHOP
EAT
THEA
MUSIC
WALK
WALK
WALK
WALK
PARK
PLAY CARDS
TALK
READ
SIT
SELL
SELL
SELL
COOK
COOK
SHOP
EAT
THEA
MUSIC
MUSIC WALKWALK
WALK
PLAY CARDSTALKSIT SELL
COOK
WEAKNESSBAD HOUSING CONDITIONS
WEAKNESSCENTRATED NIGHT ACTIVITY
-
30
Urban Equity
31
1. HISTORICAL CITY CENTRE
CHECKLISTMICRO/MACROINTEGRATIONIDENTITYINVOLVEPLANET
1.
WEAKNESSES AREOPPORTUNITIES
NEW STRUCTURE
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
PHASE 3
-
30 3131
Urban Equity
CONCEPT
-
Urban Equity
PHASE 1 & 3
RENOVATING & IMPROVING
INVOLVE
VARIED PROGRAMLESS VACANCYRESILIENT COMMUNITYCONTROL OVER THEIR FUTURE
PROGRAM- RESIDENTS (H, M, L)- MICRO SHOPS- MICRO RESTAURANTS/BARS- MARKET- OPEN AIR MUSEUM
PROGRAM- RESIDENTS
- MICRO SHOPS- MICRO RESTAURANTS/BARS
- NIGHT LEISURE
-
33
Urban Equity
33
PHASE 2
COMMERCIAL STRIP
PROGRAM- SCHOOL- HOSPITAL- SERVICE INFORMATION CENTER- MUSEUM- MEMORIAL- OPEN AIR THEATER- LEISURE CENTER- MACRO RESTAURANTS/BARS- HOTELS- MACRO SHOPS- MICRO (STREET) SHOPS- UNDERGROUND SHOPPING MALL- UNDERGROUND PARKING
1
3
2
-
34
Urban Equity
3534
Urban Equity
-
3435 35
Urban Equity
CONCLUSION
-
36
Urban Equity
3736
Urban Equity
CONCLUSION
CHECKLISTMICRO/MACROINTEGRATIONIDENTITYINVOLVEPLANET
1.
-
3637 37
Urban Equity
CONCLUSION HEIGH - MEDIUM - LOW ACTIVITY
-
38
Urban Equity
39
1. HISTORICAL CITY CENTER 2. CITY BLOCK
3. GATED COMMUNITY
-
38 3939
Urban Equity
2. CITY BLOCK
-
40
Urban Equity
41
2. CITY BLOCK
STRENGHTSFUNCTIONAL MIXLARGE OPEN SPACES
WEAKNESSBAD ACCESSIBILITY
I DONT WANT TO MOVE
-
40 4141
Urban Equity
2. CITY BLOCK
MAIN ROUTES DAILY ACTIVITY INTENSITY NIGHT ACTIVITY INTENSITY
SHOPSHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP SHOP
SHOP
WALK
WALK
WALK
WALK
WALK
WALK
WALK
PLAY CARDS
PLAY CARDS
PLAY CARDS
PLAY CARDS
TALK
SIT
SITSIT
SELL
SELL
COOK
COOK
MARKET
MARKET
MARKET
MARKET
WEAKNESSBAD HOUSING CONDITIONSBAD ECONOMICAL SITUATION AFTER EARTHQUAKE
WEAKNESSNO LIGHTS
-
42 4343
Urban Equity
2. CITY BLOCK
CHECKLISTMICRO/MACROINTEGRATIONIDENTITYINVOLVEPLANET
2.
WEAKNESSES AREOPPORTUNITIES
NEW STRUCTURE
PHASE 1
PHASE 4
PHASE 2
PHASE 3
-
44
Urban Equity
45
CONCEPT
-
44 4545
Urban Equity
PHASESRENOVATION EXISTING CITY
PROGRAM
- UPGRADING THE OLD RESIDENTS AND COMMERCIAL FUNCTIONS
- SQUARE- FORMAL HOUSING- FORMAL COMMERCIAL
- SCHOOL- SHELTER- PLAYGROUND- SPORTING FACILITIES- FORMAL/INFORMAL HOUSING- COMMUNAL AREAS
- FORMAL/INFORMAL HOUSING- MARKET- PARKING
1
234
-
46
Urban Equity
4746
Urban Equity
-
4647 47
Urban Equity
CHECKLISTMICRO/MACROINTEGRATIONIDENTITYINVOLVEPLANET
2.
-
48
Urban Equity
4948
Urban Equity
CONCLUSION
HSL
HIGH - MEDIUM - LOW ACTIVITY
-
48 4949
Urban Equity
1. HISTORICAL CITY CENTER 2. CITY BLOCK
3. GATED COMMUNITY
-
50
Urban Equity
51
3. GATED COMMUNITY
-
50 5151
Urban Equity
1. HISTORICAL CITY CENTRE
STRENGHTSACCESSIBILITY BY CARPRIVATE LANDSCAPE
WEAKNESSMONOFUNCTIONALLITTLE USE PRIVATE SPACE
WEAKNESSLITTLE SOCIAL INTERACTION
-
52
Urban Equity
53
1. HISTORICAL CITY CENTRE
SHOP
WALK
SIT
SELL
SITSHOP
MAIN ROUTES DAILY ACTIVITY INTENSITY NIGHT ACTIVITY INTENSITY
WEAKNESSBAD HOUSING CONDITIONS
WEAKNESSLITTLE STREET ACTIVITY
STRENGHTSCULTURAL TYPOLOGYSAFETYQUIET INNER SPACE
-
54
Urban Equity
55
1. HISTORICAL CITY CENTRE
CHECKLISTMICRO/MACROINTEGRATIONIDENTITYINVOLVEPLANET
3.
WEAKNESSES AREOPPORTUNITIES
NEW STRUCTURE
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
PHASE 3
-
54 5555
Urban Equity
CONCEPT
-
56
Urban Equity
57
COMFORT FACTORSheer 2-storey facadeResidential to inner courtyard
COMFORT FACTORStepped out second levelResidential to inner courtyard
TYPOLOGY 1Split ground floor typologyRetail & Commerical Uses
PHASE 1
ACTIVATING THE STREETS
PROGRAMSMALL SCALE RETAILLIVE/WORK UNITSRESTAURANTSHEALTH CLINICSBEAUTY CLINICSOFFICE SPACESTUDIO SPACEINFORMATION & SUPPORT CENTRE
-
56 5757
Urban Equity
COMFORT FACTORAttracts young people & start up businessesActive street by night
AFFORDABLE SQMDifferent unit sizes to suit different clientsSpaces can be shared or leased individually
TYPOLOGY 2Live/Work Units
PHASE 1
ACTIVATING THE STREETS
PROGRAMSMALL SCALE RETAILLIVE/WORK UNITSRESTAURANTSHEALTH CLINICSBEAUTY CLINICSOFFICE SPACESTUDIO SPACEINFORMATION & SUPPORT CENTRE
Varied Unit Size
-
58
Urban Equity
59
STREETS RIVER SIDE OPEN SPACES
PHASE 2
PUBLIC SPACE NETWORKPUBLIC SPACE NETWORK WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM NEW BUILDINGS ACTIVATING SPACES
Connecting to riverfront as public space
Activating River FrontNew Leisure FunctionsViews to RiverScaled Development
-
58 5959
Urban Equity
Connecting to riverfront as public space
PHASE 2
PUBLIC SPACE NETWORKPOROSITY
Porosity : Activating the inner spaces Monotonous/dead street
PUBLIC SPACE NETWORK WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM NEW BUILDINGS ACTIVATING SPACESBUILDINGS CREATING INTIMATE SPACES
-
Urban Equity
PHASE 2
Space for the informal
Street vendors
Landscape & play
Info points & resting places
Pedestrian gates
60
-
62
Urban Equity
6362
Urban Equity
CONCLUSION
CHECKLISTMICRO/MACROINTEGRATIONIDENTITYINVOLVEPLANET
3.
-
6263 63
Urban Equity
CONCLUSIONPROPOSED ACTIVITY - DAYTIME
-
Urban Equity
64
OBTAINING DIVERSITY
-$
-$
-$ +$
+$ +/-$
SMART RE-USE- $
DIFFERENT RENT PRICES
LOW COST RENOVATION
-
65
Urban Equity
64
FINAL CONCLUSION
65
-
66
Urban Equity
66
Urban Equity
THANK YOU
-
Urban Heritage
Ifigeneia DilaverakiLu YijianEvelien de VisserXiaoqing Zhang Laura MaasryTian YuXiao ShuaiLiang Ruixing
-
Cultural heritage is
the legacy of physical artifacts
and intangible attributes of a group or society
that are inherited from past generations,
maintained in the present
and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.
-
Urban heritage is
all of the above
with a focus on urban culture from past, present, and future generations.
-
VALUE ASSESSMENT DUJIANGYAN
-- lifestyle
-- irrigation
-- mountain
-- city fabric
-- handcraft
-- street scale
City Value
-
Architecture Value
-- organic
-- facade (layers)
-- Sichuan style
-- local materials
-- crafts
-- water system
-- fabric & structure
-- scale
-- lifestyle
VALUE ASSESSMENT
-
The government of Dujiangyan proposed to transform the city to a international tourism city within 5years.
FUTURE PLAN FOR Dujiangyan
-
ANALYSIS OF TOURISM
In DJY city,,tourism provides:
Historical site
Natural park
Programme
What tourists usually do:
Buy souvenirs Photo&videoEat local food EducationLook Excursion
The one who benefits:
Government Entrepreneur Tourist businessman
The one who might suffer:
Local residentsLocal community
-
Commercial but no history
Mono functional Lack of spatial connections between sites
Government control(no bottom up)
Centralized No circulation
PROBLEMS OF TOURIST IN DJY city
-
Local community
Vivid life
Go with time
Spontaneousself-built
Nice scale
Authentic
cultureRETHINKING TOURISM
-
old town is not just old (ancient building) but live (ethic and folk act)
CONCLUSION:
tourism &community
-
HISTORY OF TEA& HORSE ROAD
-
HISTORY OF WEST STREET
-
TYPE OF RESIDENTS
-
Silk roadCraft spirit
Informal lifestyleAuthentic DJY lifestyle
City center with diverse tourismCompetative city
CULTURAL HERITAGE PLAYS A CENTRAL ROLE IN CONTINUITY
-
URBAN ANALYSIS
-
Map Dujiangyan with West Street location
indicated !!!
MAP OF DUJIANGYAN
WEST STREET
-
RELATIONSHIP WITH SURROUNDING
-
TOURIST ROUTE
-
FUNCTIOAN AREA ARCHITECTURE SITUATIONLANDUSE SITUATION
-
ACTIVE PROPOSAL
-
GREEN BELT AREA
-
COMMUNITY BASED PROSPERITY
-
ART& CRAFT VILLAGEART& CRAFT VILLAGE
ART GALLERY
CRAFT WORSHOP
RESTRAURANT
HOTEL
-
URBAN FACADE STUDY
-
DIFFERENT TYPES OF RENOVATION
-
WEST STREET FAADE STUDY
-
WEST STREET ARCHITECTURE VALUE ASSESSMENT
ROOFSCAPE
FACADE TYPOLOGY
HUMAN LAYER
-
HOUSING STRATEGY &
ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
-
WEST STREET LOCAL HOUSING
-
DESIGNED NEW BUILDING SELFBUILT BUILDING
-
STRATEGY FOR REDEVELOPMENT WEST STREET, DJY
-
FINANCIAL PLAN FROM GOVERMENT
-
NEW WEST STREET PLAN
-
WEST STREET PROGRAM& ARCHITECTURELocation of New Dwelling Design Examples
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Camps & Transitions
-
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Contents
1. transition
2. analysis / testimonals
Conclusions / Goals
3. ideal Camp a. Unit B. Urban structure C. the programs / typologies
4. FUtUre Cities a. philosophy B. network possibilities
5. ConClUsion
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1. transition
-
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the only constant is change.
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EVERYTHING IS CHANGING... BUT WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISASTERS AND TRANSITIONS?
TRANSITIONS CAUSED BY DISASTER1
DISASTERENTRY TRANSITION EXIT TRANSITION
EQ. 1 EQ .2
SES
Disasters damage society and its environment (SES=socio-ecological systems). The period before the disaster can be referred as the entry-transition of disaster. It is someti-mes impossible to detect the imminent occurrence of the disaster: the Wenchuan earth-quake was unexpected. The exit transition is a period during which society and the environment evolve rapidly because of the damage caused and of the constraints posed by the disruption, until they reach a new equilibrium (EQ.2), different from the previous one (EQ.1). Equilibrium here is defined as a period considered as "stable". This stability is of course relative: some situations are marked by important threats and these moments might not appear as very stable if we take into account a larger time scale.
DiSASTERS TRANSITIONS
ARE NOT ARE
- "Back to normal", even if certain victims and decision-ma-kers would like to "go back"
- necessarily "short"
- uniform and linear
- a step towards a new situation
- perceived as "temporary"
- not or less planned, unwanted
-unstable
MOMENTS OF RISK
1http://www.irg-project.org/i
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CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
2. life in the Camps
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DuJiangYan Irrigation Administration Shelter Community600
SAFETY
FREEDOM
OCCUPATION
OPINION
#1 toUrist area Camp
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CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
Bridge
bridge
Gate of irrigation system
Square
West street
Park in Irrigation system
South bridge
Gate of irrigationsystem
Square
Gongyuan road
Sheltercamp
TOURISTAREACAMP
Residential
Bridge
TOURISM/MEMORIAL
CULTURALEVENTS
RESTAURANTS
LEISURE
POTENTIALS OF SITE#1 toUrist area Camp
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CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
Close to the tourist area of dujiangyan.
informal occupation - self-built constructions
Section
Informal occupation
Iam a worker of the Dujiangyan Irrigation Administration. I live here with my wife, we will propably move out at the end of the year. I built the bathroom all by myself to get more private space!
informal occupation
sectionFeatUres
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CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
#1 toUrist area Camp - the irrigation Company Worker
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#2 the other side Camp5000
SanTai Village Shelter Community
SAFETY
FREEDOM
OCCUPATION
OPINION
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
Commercialstreet
Leisure cityDevelopment riverfront
Vendors, Fruit, snacksTea-house, kiosk
Restaurants along river
Petrolstation
Bridge
Shelter camp
THE OTHER SIDE CAMP
AGRICULTURE
TEMPORARY CAMPS
SPORTS
TRAINING FACILITIES
SPECIALIZED AGRICULTURE
LARGE SCALE EVENTS
ENERGY PRODUCTION
POTENTIALS OF SITE#2 the other side Camp
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CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
The relationship of shelters
The green land and the bathroom and the toilet
We lost our friends due to the replacement, but made a lot of new good friends in the camp. Will we see them again if we move out?
one part of the residents used to be farmers, one part works at the factory.
some already a camp for 6 years.
relation between shelters
informal agriculture
FeatUres
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CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
#2 the other side Camp - Factory Worker
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#3 the train station Camp12000
QinJianRenJia Shelter Community
SAFETY
FREEDOM
OCCUPATION
OPINION
-
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TRAINSTATIONCAMP
Constructioncamp
Offices
Public square
Train station
Residential DevelopmentAgriculture
AGRICULTURE
SERVICES
SPECIALIZEDAGRICULTURE
DISASTER TOURISM
EMERGENCY SERVICES
SPORTS
RESTAURANTS
LARGE SCALE EVENTS
EDUCATIONAL/ TRAINING FACILITIES
POTENTIALS OF SITE#3 the train station Camp
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CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
manager has complete power.
Camp is situated in new development-area - no public services nearby.
horizontal
Iam already retired and have lived here for 2 years. The conditions have gotten worse because the manager gives some people benefits and we are not allowed to grow our our crops or keep our own animals. Probably because the camp can be seen from the high-speed train..
section
Kindergartentrain line
streets
FeatUres
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
reSiDeNCe moVeD To SeCoND FLoor To ALLoW For A ShoP oN GroUND FLoor
A2 BoX + CLUSTer
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#3 the train station Camp - the retired man
-
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#4 the Center Camp1953
XingFu Town Shelter Community
SAFETY
FREEDOM
OCCUPATION
OPINION
-
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#4 the Center Camp - the Farmer
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#5 the edGe Camp
SAFETY
FREEDOM
OCCUPATION
OPINION
-
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#5 the edGe Camp - the tourist Guide
-
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BORDER INTERFACEWALL
ACCESS CHECK POINTGATE
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
-
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BOXES CONTAINERSTYPICAL UNITS
HOUSE
COMMERCIALKITCHENFACILITIES
TOILETS
WATER SUPPLYSHOWERS
-
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CAMP STRUCTURE - WALLS AND bOUNDRIES
-
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GATES
-
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TRAIN LINE AND STREAM
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LARGE (7 M)MEDIUM (3 M)SMALL (1M)
vERTICAL STREETS
-
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MAINCOMMERCIALPLAIN
HORIzONTAL + vERTICAL STREETS
-
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STRUCTURE
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Common DiffiCulties
Depopulation
temperature
DisplaCeD farmers
laCk of iDentity
management
laCk of publiC spaCe
appropriation
Wall
Informal occupation
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UEGoals
loCation Based approaCh
Freedom
QUality oF liFe
FlexiBility oF Camp
Camp as plaCe For opportUnity
Keep memory oF disaster
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
3. ideal Camp
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
a. Unit
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
Unit sCale reQUirements
5-6 m2 space per person
minimum unit size: 2 persons
one shared kitchen + bathroom for 12-15 residents
adaptable use
creation of communal (semi-public) space
potential for individual customization
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
Unit types
Unit
orGanization
B shelter local materials fixed structure
a Box industrial materials portable/ reusable
1 linear organized along street
a1
B1
a2
B2
2 ClUster organized around courtyards
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
Unit types
Unit
orGanization
B shelter local materials fixed structure
a Box industrial materials portable/ reusable
1 linear organized along street
a1
B1
a2
B2
2 ClUster organized around courtyards
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
2 persons changeable facades
semi public and private space flexibility options
3 persons
5
32
Fixed Frame - ChanGeaBle FaCades
a Box
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
Variety oF FaCades to Use & User preFerenCes
flipping facade for ventilationback
wc
shop
room colors & materials
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
the inFrastrUCtUral Frame
a1 Box + linear
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
the BasiC layoUt Frame
a1 Box + linear
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
shop UnitGreen roof- gardenFacilitieshousing Unit
User adaptaBility
a1 Box + linear
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CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
FaCade adaptation
a1 Box + linear
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
storinG Unit
a1 Box + linear
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
THE DUAL UNIT CLUSTER (LINEAR LAYOUT) BASIC FORM
a1 Box + linear
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CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
a1 Box + linear
THE DUAL UNIT CLUSTER (LINEAR LAYOUT) FURTHER ADAPTATION
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
THE DUAL UNIT CLUSTER (LINEAR LAYOUT) FURTHER ADAPTATION
a1 Box + linear
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
rain Water harvesting
Water storage
drinking water
recy
clin
g d
epot
organic Waste Compost
agricultured
Gre
y W
ater
Garbage
Washing Wate
a1 Box + linear
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CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
a2 Box + ClUster
Walls added to Frame
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
residenCe moVed to seCond Floor to alloW For a shop on GroUnd Floor
a2 Box + ClUster
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
ClUsters Formed
a2 Box + ClUster
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
serViCes added
a2 Box + ClUster
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
a2 Box + ClUster
adaptation
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
larGer ClUsters are Formed
a2 Box + ClUster
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
re-Use oF Units
temporary strUCtUres
retail spaCes
FUtUre relieF hoUsinG
stUdent/temporary hoUsinG
portaBle FaCilities
a2 Box + ClUster
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
Unit types
Unit
orGanization
B shelter local materials fixed structure
a Box industrial materials portable/ reusable
1 linear organized along street
a1
B1
a2
B2
2 ClUster organized around courtyards
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
B1 shelter + linear
Family of 2 or 3 Family of 5 or 6
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
materials
B1 shelter + linear
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
B1 shelter + linear
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
B1 shelter + linear
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
B1 shelter + linear
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
B1 shelter + linear
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
B1 shelter + ClUster
23 m2 (4 - 5 people) +Private open space- agriculture, garden, eating, laundry
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CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
B1 shelter + ClUster
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
B1 shelter + ClUster
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
B1 shelter + ClUster
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
B. UrBan strUCtUre
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
Grid - inFrastrUCtUre
- the grid is connected to surrounding urban stucture
- this allows for more exchange between the camp and the city
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
pUBliC spaCes
- open spaces in the grid allow for a variety of public space
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
adaptaBilty
ss
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
- spaces are left within the stucture for abaptation and appropriation by inhabitants
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
C. proGrams / typoloGies
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
toUrist typoloGy
ss
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
HOUSE
SERVICES
SERVICES
TOURIST CAMP
SECURITY&HEALTH
SECURITY&HEALTH
HOUSE
KINDERGATEN&STUDY
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
PERIFIRICAL CAMP TRAIN STATION CAMP
HOUSE
SPORTS
AGRICULTURE
MONUMMENT
SECURITY&HEALTH
SPORTS SPORTS
SERVICES
- the camp could become a memorial site or a location for disaster tourism
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
ss
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
periphery typoloGy
HOUSE
SERVICES
SERVICES
TOURIST CAMP
SECURITY&HEALTH
SECURITY&HEALTH
HOUSE
KINDERGATEN&STUDY
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
PERIFIRICAL CAMP TRAIN STATION CAMP
HOUSE
SPORTS
AGRICULTURE
MONUMMENT
SECURITY&HEALTH
SPORTS SPORTS
SERVICES
- the camp could be a self-sufficient entity including agriculture and markets
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CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
- the camp could provide services to support the transition of the surrounding area
strateGiC typoloGy
ss
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
HOUSE
SERVICES
SERVICES
TOURIST CAMP
SECURITY&HEALTH
SECURITY&HEALTH
HOUSE
KINDERGATEN&STUDY
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
PERIFIRICAL CAMP TRAIN STATION CAMP
HOUSE
SPORTS
AGRICULTURE
MONUMMENT
SECURITY&HEALTH
SPORTS SPORTS
SERVICES
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
neW strUCtUres
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
Sustainable Structures
Waste water managementService water cycleIrrigation
Waste management
RecyclingFertilizer
Educational Structures
Schools
Vocational Training
Libraries
Transport
Parking Facilities
Public Transport
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
THE WALL AS AN INTERFACE bETWEEN THE CAMP AND THE CITY
-
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4. Future of the city / campsites
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CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
a. philosophy
TransiTional spaCe For UrBan EvoluTion Urban space not only to support disasters but also able to hold temporary uses, transitional structures and urban transformation.
MEMory - ode to the disastertraces of the disaster remain as layers in the urban fabric.
network Create a system which can give the city the infrastructure for a new identity.
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
B. netWorK possiBilities
-
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INITIAL CAMPS
-
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SELECTED CAMPS
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
industryCommercial Businessstorage
Green
residential sitesecond class, self built social housing)
residential sitesecond class, self built social housing)
residential second class social housing, self built + subsidised)sports Commercial
Businessresidential (government)
2020 LAND USES
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CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
NETWORK OF CAMPS
-
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-
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short-term uses
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
from agriculture to agrotourism1st phase desification 2nd phase desification
agriculture as sustainable device
memorial/disaster tourism
temporary houses for farmers
capacitation/ experimental agriculture
eco-tourism
tourism
city as a hybrid productive organism
Global position of ChinaCompetition between provincesRole of province
Sichuan: agriculture
ECONOMY
Climate change adaptacionAlternative energies
Sustainable structuresFrequency of disasters
ECOLOGY
2010 2030 2050 2....
D
enough relief areain case of disaster
agriculture device:-water purification-waste treatment
high-tech agriculture
alternative energy:- wind- biogas
research/ knowledge center
enough relief areain case of disaster
vertical agriculture
industrialdevelopment
new energy sources
new energy and materialcycles
mixe uses
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
eCoNomY
eCoLoGY2010 2030 2050 2....
D
The sites choosen in the network represent a variety of possiblilities for future development due to their possitions in the city
FREIGHT RAIL STATION
- possibility for moventment of large amounts of goods
PASSENGER RAIL STATION
- potential local hub and transfer point
CITY CENTER
- opportunity for tourism and leisure services
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UEMemorial/ Disaster Tourism
Tourism
Capacitation/ Experimental Agriculture
Temporary Houses for Farmers
eCoNomY
eCoLoGY2010 2030 2050 2....
D
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UEMemorial/ Disaster Tourism
Tourism
Capacitation/ Experimental Agriculture
Temporary Houses for Farmers
Hi-tech Agriculture
Research/ KnowledgeAgriculture Device:Water purification/waste treatment
Alternative energy: wind / biogas
Enough relief area in case of disaster
eCoNomY
eCoLoGY2010 2030 2050 2....
D
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
Industrial Development
vertical Agriculture
Mixed Uses
New Energy Sources
New Energy Waste cycles
Memorial/ Disaster Tourism
Tourism
Capacitation/ Experimental Agriculture
Temporary Houses for Farmers
Hi-tech Agriculture
Research/ KnowledgeAgriculture Device:Water purification/waste treatment
Alternative energy: wind / biogas
Enough relief area in case of disaster
Enough relief area in case of disaster
eCoNomY
eCoLoGY2010 2030 2050 2....
D
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
5. Conclusion
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
FUTURE POSSIbILITIES
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
-
CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
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CAMPS & TRANSITIONS030810 UE
Dujiangyan_workshop_ProjectOutline_V2.1.pdfdujiangyan dreams workshop group final presentations.pdfRU_Final PresentationSpatialEconomypresentation GROUP 5-1City Structure Final Presentation backing up4 1 2 3 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66
Presentation social equity finalPresentation_FINAL-3.pdf 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Map Dujiangyan with West Street locationindicated !!! 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
urban camps