History 1301-1Welcome to college!!

8/25/2014

Please find a seat. Be happy with your choice because I need you to return to it tomorrow. Get ready!

Why are we here?

• It is required, by the government, by the state, by the college to graduate.

• To become aware of who you are as an individual and who we are as a people.

• To realize that you can learn something from the past-both mistakes and successes. (and maybe not repeat the misteaks.)

This is a bridge class

• Yeah, it’s a college class• Yes, I know that you are still in high

school. Straddle the great gulf between the two and don’t fall into the water.

• From now until January we will cover a semester, we will move quickly and you will earn 3 college credits. In 1302, from then until school is out, you can earn 3 more. 16x2x4=128 and you graduate!

College/High School

• Read your syllabus. You will get a syllabus at the beginning of every college class. Here’s a copy, it’s also on line.

• It tells what is expected and what material you will cover and how your grade is computed along with contact information.

• Hints for college: make an appointment with your professor, they are real people.

• My email information.

The Textbook

• Listed on the Syllabus.

• Let’s talk money.

What is expected here?

• Do your very best, always. Don’t settle for just get by. This class and college costs money. I will treat you like mature, graduate level, college students and I expect you to act like college students.

• Be on time. Be prepared. ALWAYS Bring something to write on and something to write with. This may be new, try it. Cornell Notes will help you get started. Me, too.

• Participate. Ask questions. Ask why if you do not understand. You are safe here. I will not make fun of your questions. Stay awake. Do not surf the internet. Be respectful of my time, I am aware of yours.

• It’s time to change from “pass” to “see how much I can learn.”

• When I am speaking, you are silent.When I am speaking, you are silent.

More…

• If a paper or report is due, it’s your job to make sure I get it. Proof read it. Not just spell check it. Have someone else read it.

• If you email me a paper or information, do not attach it. Paste it onto the body of the letter. I’ll email you back and tell you I got it.

• Chicago Style, you’ll learn about that.

Plagiarism (or cut and paste is not enough)

• Plagiarism is using ideas and words that originated with someone else and passing it off as one’s own. This is offensive, unethical, and unacceptable. It is quite literally theft and will guarantee an automatic failing grade. *

• *Internet source: HIS 101: World History to 1500 C.E. Syllabus (Not Wikipedia)

Tatum Rules!

• No food or drink in the class room. That is a rule at Kilgore College as well.

• Hall passes and all that high school stuff? yeah, you probably need to do that.

• I care about you. I care more about the knowledge you learn than the grade you make. I want to prepare you to be successful. You are of value now!

A dose of reality…

• High Schools are concerned with STAAR test scores, College teachers get paid whether you pass or not.

• In some colleges you are a number.• Most college teachers really do care about

you as a person and want you to succeed.• Literally, what you put in will be what you

get back. The teacher will often mirror your interest.

This is a survey course

• Because it is a survey course, I will use generalities.

• You must avoid the tendency to over simplify what I have told you. There is always more information. Things are deeper than they seem and not as simple.

What does this mean?

• History is biography. History is people. It is linear and it is also thematic. It is story.

• A historian who would convey the truth must lie. Often he must enlarge the truth by diameters, otherwise his reader would not be able to see it.- Mark Twain, a Biography

• “History doesn't repeat itself - at best it sometimes rhymes”

Life Lessons:

• Begin with the end in mind. Here’s a good final exam question. “Trace this History of this country from its beginnings to the present, cite examples.”

• Learn to express yourself on paper and expand on your ideas. Ask who, what, when, where, why and how.

Develop an awareness:

• Of human behavior. Why do people do what they do?

• What is their POV? What is a POV?

• What are their needs?

• How do they make decisions?

• What are their motivations?

Point of View/P.O.V.

• A term used in cinema for where the camera is placed. What the actor sees is his POV. When two are speaking the camera will change positions.

• History is perspective. (so is life)

Developing Historical Mindedness

• In addition to your awareness of human behavior, you must develop what has been termed historical mindedness. Basically, the nature of historical mindedness is a certain maturity of perspective stimulated by curiosity.

• Read between the lines • See social forces in action • Recognize the complexity of causation in an episode • Recognize strands of continuity • Understand the relevance of the past to the present.

How, Mr. Galloway?

• How, you may ask, will these lofty ideals help sort out the dizzying array of data inherent in a history course? Here are some hints:

• Build a Cornell outline or maybe a timeline. Start now. • Ask yourself questions. • Learn by making associations. • Distinguish and separate important statements from the

general. • Extrapolate underlying causes of events from important

statements. • Understand the profound importance of social forces.

Cause/Effect

• You will get tired of this.

• Dates are important, you need to know them. You need to know the facts.

• More importantly than the fact is the result of the fact.

Abraham Maslow

Developed the theory of human motivation now known as Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

A psychologist, Maslow noted that some human needs were more powerful than others.

Needs? Motivations?

• Name some? Start with the very basic.

Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527)

Italian historian, statesman, and political philosopher, whose influential writings on statecraft have turned his name into a synonym for cunning and duplicity.

Lie, cheat, steal, Whatever it takes! Would you?

The Prince• Machiavelli sought to establish a state capable of resisting foreign

attack.• His writings are concerned with the principles on which such a state

is founded, and with the means by which they can be implemented and maintained.

• In his most famous work, The Prince (1532; trans. 1640), he describes the method by which a prince can acquire and maintain political power.

• This study, which has often been regarded as a defense of the despotism and tyranny of such rulers as Cesare Borgia, is based on Machiavelli's belief that a ruler is not bound by traditional ethical norms.

• In his view, a prince should be concerned only with power and be bound only by rules that would lead to success in political actions. Machiavelli believed that these rules could be discovered by deduction from the political practices of the time, as well as from those of earlier periods. …(see Watergate)

Machiavelli

• Whoever desires to found a state and give it laws, must start with assuming that all men are bad and ever ready to display

their vicious nature, whenever they may find occasion for it.

• www.gutenberg.org

Sun Tzu (soon zoo-500 B.C.E.)

Sun Tzu

• The art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected- Sun Tzu, the Art of War

Guerilla Warfare

• The best battle, Sun Tzu says, is the battle that is won without being fought.

Parsimony

• par·si·mo·ny [ paarssə monee ]

noun Definition: 1. frugality: great frugality or unwillingness to spend money

2. principle of economy: economy in the use of means to achieve something, especially the principle of endorsing the simplest explanation that covers a case

[15th century. < Latin parsimonia< pars-, past participle of parcere "spare"]

Occam’s RazorOccam's (or Ockham's) razor is a principle attributed to the 14th century logician and Franciscan friar William of Ockham. Ockham was the village in the English county of Surrey where he was born.

The principle states that "Entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily."

The most useful statement of the principle for scientists is"when you have two competing theories that make exactly the same predictions, the simpler one is the better.“

© 1992--2006 by Scott Chase, Michael Weiss, Philip Gibbs, Chris Hillman, and Nathan Urban. The individual articles are © 1992--2006

FTM-Follow the Money

• A quote from a movie about Watergate.

• A Project investigating where the money appropriated for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars is going -- especially money that should be going to the Troops.

• A method to determine motive and control and provide ultimate answers.

Use Discernment/Be Aware!

• This is why you need a great vocabulary!

• Be alert for hidden agendas. What is someone trying to sell you? I will point these out for you to give you a heads up. It is often effectively done with nuance, or very slyly and by small degrees.

• “Illegal aliens” was changed politically to “undocumented citizens”

Try not to Judge

• Do not immediately rush to judge past history events and peoples actions by today’s standards.

• “Do not judge an Indian until you have walked a mile in his moccasins.”

The enemy of my enemy…

• The enemy of my enemy is my friend. Not automatically and not always, but sometimes. This often is the real motive behind a country’s actions.

• Sometimes it is better to say, the enemy of my enemy is simply my enemies enemy.

Victor Frankl

• …everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of the human freedoms--to choose one's attitude in any given set of circumstances, to choose one's own way.

Victor Frankl• We who lived in concentration camps can

remember the men who walked through the huts comforting others, giving away their last piece of bread. They may have been few in number, but they offer sufficient proof that everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of the human freedoms--to choose one's attitude in any given set of circumstances, to choose one's own way.

And there were always choices to make…

The Butterfly Effect

• In 1963, Edward Lorenz made a presentation to the New York Academy of Sciences and was literally laughed out of the room.

• His theory called the butterfly effect, stated that a butterfly could flap its wings and set air molecules in motion that in turn would move other air molecules - which would then move additional air molecules - eventually becoming able to influence weather patterns on the other side of the planet.

• For years this theory remained an interesting myth. In the mid 1990s, however, the butterfly effect was proved to be accurate, viable and worked every time.

Or, a twig in a stream???

• Or it could be that your contributions are like throwing a stick into the Mississippi River…they are of little consequence.

Learn to Express yourself well

• Of all the arts in which the wise excel, nature’s chief masterpiece is writing well. …Andre Breton, French Writer

FINALLY…

• CULTIVATE YOUR CURIOSITY…

• IF YOU ARE A SENIOR, WHAT IS YOUR PLAN FOR THE DAY AFTER YOU GRADUATE? I KNOW YOU ARE EAGER TO LEAVE, BUT WHERE ARE YOU GOING? AND WHY?

• “If you don’t know where you are going, you’ll probably get there.”

Clara MoskowitzLiveScience Staff Writer

LiveScience.com – Fri Jan 15, 9:40 am ET

• Scientists have discovered the earliest known Hebrew writing - an inscription dating from the B.C., during the period of King David's reign.

• The breakthrough could mean that portions of the Bible were written centuries earlier than previously thought. (The Bible's is thought to have been first written down in an ancient form of Hebrew.)

History changes

• "It indicates that the already existed in the 10th century BCE and that at least some of them were written hundreds of years before the dates presented in current research," said a professor of Biblical Studies who deciphered the ancient text.

Abram-Abraham, Sarai-Sarah

• Gen. 12 • Many offsprings• But, Sarah had

no children• Offers her hand

maiden Hagar (an Egyptian) to Abe for children.

Ishmael and Hagar

• God says in Gen. 18 that he will make Ishamel a great nation.

• Ishmael has many sons and they had sons, etc.

Abraham and Isaac

• Gen.22 the sacrifice.

• Isaac had sons and they had sons, etc. and they become Hebrews or Jews.

From the JEWS sprang…

Christianity

Emperor Constantine 313 C.E.

Meanwhile…

• Tradition from several sources states that in the generations of Ishmael there was a son born who was named…

MOHAMMAD-Islam

RELIGIOUS MIGRATION

Early on…From Peter

• Christianity meant Roman Catholic

• Today Roman Catholics believe that THE HOLY FATHER The Roman Pontiff, as the successor of Peter, is the perpetual and visible principle and foundation of unity of both the bishops and of the faithful. LUMEN GENTIUM, 23

Spread of Christianity

Spread of Islam

Middle East-trade routes

Supply chains…Prices?

Jerusalem-city under seige

CRUSADES 1099-1192

Spain-Strong Catholics

• The marriage in 1469 of royal cousins, Ferdinand of Aragon (1452-1516) and Isabella of Castile (1451-1504), eventually brought stability to both kingdoms.

1492

• Reconquest-Driving out both the Moors (the Muslims) and the Jews

• War is expensive. With War over the Queen can now follow other pursuit …LIKE EXPLORATION

Christopher Columbus

• Christopher Columbus (Cristóbal Colón in Spanish, Cristoforo Colombo in Italian) was born in 1451 in Genoa, Italy; he died in 1506 in Valladolid, Spain.