ASSESSMENT OF DROUGHT USING RS AND GIS FOR KOLAR DISTRICT

AKASH K P5WD14CGI02

CONTENTS

Introduction to Study Area Rainfall Analysis Drought Analysis Discussion and Conclusion Recommendations

STUDY AREA : KOLAR

Agro-Climatic/Ecological Zone of Kolar District

Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR): Central Karanantaka Plateau, hot, moist semi-arid eco-subregion

Agro-Climatic Region (Planning Commission): Southern Plateau and Hills Region (X)

Agro Climatic Zone (NARP): Eastern Dry Zone (KA-5) These all the districts or part there of falling under the NARP Zone

Tumkur, Bengaluru Rural, Bengaluru Urban, Ramanagara, Kolar , Chikkaballapur Tumkur, Bengaluru Rural, Bengaluru Urban, Ramanagara, Kolar , Chikkaballapur

Drought History in Kolar

Rainfall Map of Normal Rainfall

Rainfall Maps of Pre Monsoon

Rainfall Maps of SW Monsoon

Rainfall Map of North East Monsoon

Graph Showing RF in MM v/s Time in Years

1960

1962

1964

1966

1968

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

568.3

393.6

705.3

554.1

1021.7

562.8

883.5

492.7424.1

922.4

573.6

755.8847.9791.1

869.1948.1

566

715.7

869.3757

506.4

689.7622.3

724.9766.2

355.3

827.6824.4

553.2665.4675.8

1120

731.8

1238.3

695.8

760.1

973.6

644.2

1285.2

883.5844.5

1115

552.1547

992.1

1264.8

662.2702.7

1061.8

774

1088.5

717759.5716.5725

NORMAL RF V/S ANNUAL RF OF KOLAR (T Q)ANNUALPolynomial (ANNUAL)ANNUAL AVERAGE OF KOLAR DISTRICT (TALUK WISE)

TIME IN YEARS

RF IN

MM

What is Drought?

Drought is the consequence of a natural reduction in the amount of precipitation over an extended period of time, usually a season or more in length, often associated with other climatic factors (viz. high temperatures, high winds and low relative humidity) that can aggravate the severity of the drought event.

What are the different types of drought?

1. Meteorological Drought2. Hydrological Drought 3. Agricultural Drought 4. Socio-Economic Drought

DROUGHT PARAMETERS USED

1. Meteorological Drought Parameters a. Seasonal Departure From Rainfall b. Standardized Precipitation Index2. Agricultural Drought Parameters a. Moisture Adequacy Index b. Aridity Anomaly Index c. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

Defining and monitoring of Drought

1.Meteorogical Drought

In India, commonly meteorological drought over an area is defined as a situation when the seasonal rainfall received over the area is less than 75% of its long term average value. It is further classified according to KSNDMC 1. Deficit=if Negative departure is between 20 TO 60% 2. Scanty=if Negative departure is Above the 60% of the normal.

SEASONAL PERCENTAGE DEPARTURE OF RAINFALL Departure of rainfall (%) = ((AR-NR)/NR)*100 Where, AR=Actual Rainfall (mm) NR=Normal Rainfall (mm)

Percentage Departure Maps

Standardized Precipitation Index The SPI is a dimensionless index where negative values indicate

drought and the positive values indicate wet conditions. SPI = ((AR-NR)/SD) Where, AR=Actual Rainfall (mm) NR=Normal Rainfall (mm) SD= Standard Deviation

SPI Maps

Advantages and Disadvantages Standardized Precipitation Index

Table Showing % Dep and SPI Analysis

Defining and monitoring of Drought

2.Agricultural Drought It occurs when soil moisture and rainfall are inadequate

during crop growing season to support healthy crop maturity and cause extreme crop growth to maturity and cause extreme crop stress and wilt.

Here are some of the parameters that describes Agricultural drought we have used in KSNDMC.

a. Moisture Adequacy Index b. Aridity Anomaly Index c. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

Moisture Adequacy Index and Aridity Anomaly Index

MAI: According to Thornthwaite’s Concept MAI is Defined as the ratio of actual evapotranspiration to potential evapotranspiration (PET) and is a good indicator of moisture status of the soil in relation to the water need.

AAI: An aridity anomaly index (AI) is a numerical indicator of the

degree of dryness of the climate at a given location. According to Thornthwaite’s Concept AAI is Defined as The ratio of

Difference between Actual Evapotranspiration and Potential Evopotranspiration to the mean annual potential evapotranspiration (PET).

Formula’s and Classification’s

When P>PET, AET =PETWhen P<PET, AET = PET+ (P-PE) - dS  MAI = (AET/PET) * 100 AAI = (PET-AET)/PET * 100 AWC = Available Water Capacity (field capacity-wilting point)X(soil depth) SW = Available Soil Water (i.e., above wilting pt.) APWL = Accumulated Potential Water Loss (negative) P = Net Precipitation; P - PET P = Precipitation PET = Potential Evapotranspiration AET = Actual Evapotranspiration Delta = Difference in Previous Week and Present Week Available Soil

Water

MAI MAI CONDITION0-25 SEVERE25-50 MODERATE50-75 AGRI FAVORABLE75-100 HUMID REGION

AAI AAI CONDITION0-30 MILD DEPARTURE

30-50 MODERATE DEPARTURE

50-100 SEVERE DEPARTURE

MAI and AAI 1st Week Analysis Table Hobli wise

Maps of MAI

Maps of AAI

Normalized Difference Vegetative Index

Normalized difference vegetative index is based on the concept that vegetation vigour is an indicator of water availability or lack of water. It shows us the effect of climate on vegetation in terms of its absorptive capacity in visible light but little in near infrared. The difference of visible and near infrared reflectance represents photosynthetic ally active vegetation. This information is used in the construction of vegetation index. The lowering of vegetation index indicates the moisture stress in vegetation due prolonged rainfall deficiency.

NDVI Classification

The map from June to September for the year 2015 shown below depicts the vegetation health index

The vegetation pattern are been classifies as follows Green colour- Healthy Crops Yellow indicates-Moderate Moisture stress on the crops Brown indicates-Sever Moisture stress on the crops

Maps of NDVI

Maps of NDVI

Graph’s Showing Variation of NDVI Chart and Percentage

Departure

JU NE JU LY A UG US T S E P T E MB E R O C T O B E R0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.3 0.3

0.2

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.2 0.3

0.3 0.4

0.2

0.1

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.20.2 0.2

0.3

0.4

0.30.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

VARIATION OF NDVI CHART IN KOLAR TALUK

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

JU NE JU LY A UG US T S E P T E MB E R O C T O B E R

-60.0

-50.0

-40.0

-30.0

-20.0

-10.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

7.524.4

-35.1

3.1 1.8-3.6

20.014.4

-3.9

-15.5

-28.4

-50.5

29.7

18.58.6

-4.3 -10.7

-19.5-24.5

-7.6

28.816.7

10.5

6.812.8

PERCENTAGE DEPARTURE FROM AV-ERAGE NDVI (2011- 2015) IN KOLAR

TALUK

2011 2012 2013 20142015

Conclusion’s

According to KSNDMC any 2 indices out of 4 indices satisfies Drought means they will declare as drought affected regions.

So we found 6 hobli’s out of 27 hoblis in a Kolar district are

affected by drought during South West Monsoon 2015.

Conclusion Table Hobli % DEP D SPI SPI CONDITION MAI

SWMAI CONDITION

AAI SW

AAI CONDITION SW DROUGHT

BANGARAPET-9.0 ND -0.6 NEAR NORMAL 59.5 AGRI FAVORABLE 40.5 MODERATE DEP

NO DROUGHT

BETMANGALA2.9 ND 0.2 NEAR NORMAL 60.4 AGRI FAVORABLE 39.6 MODERATE DEP

NO DROUGHT

BUDIKOTE-12.1 ND -0.7 NEAR NORMAL 51.1 AGRI FAVORABLE 48.9 MODERATE DEP

NO DROUGHT

KAMSANDRA6.9 ND 0.4 NEAR NORMAL 58.5 AGRI FAVORABLE 41.5 MODERATE DEP

NO DROUGHT

KYASAMBALLI11.7 ND 0.7 NEAR NORMAL 75.0 HUMID 25.0 MILD DEP

NO DROUGHT

ROBERTSONPET-6.4 ND -0.4 NEAR NORMAL 57.2 AGRI FAVORABLE 42.8 MODERATE DEP

NO DROUGHTKOLAR -40.4 MD -2.6 EXTREMELY DRY 41.0 MODERATE 59.0 SEVERE DEP DROUGHTHOLURU -32.6 MD -2.1 EXTREMELY DRY 44.7 MODERATE 55.3 SEVERE DEP DROUGHT

HUTTUR-18.6 ND -1.2 MODERATELY DRY 55.3 AGRI FAVORABLE 44.7 MODERATE DEP

NO DROUGHT

NARASAPURA20.7 ND 1.3 MODERATELY WET 77.3 HUMID 22.7 MILD DEP

NO DROUGHT

SUGATURU-23.8 ND -1.5 SEVERELY DRY 50.1 AGRI FAVORABLE 49.9 MODERATE DEP

NO DROUGHT

VAKKALERI-28.1 MD -1.8 SEVERELY DRY 60.7 AGRI FAVORABLE 39.3 MODERATE DEP

DROUGHT

VEMAGAL-11.1 ND -0.7 NEAR NORMAL 57.2 AGRI FAVORABLE 42.8 MODERATE DEP

NO DROUGHT

MALUR-2.6 ND -0.2 NEAR NORMAL 57.9 AGRI FAVORABLE 42.1 MODERATE DEP

NO DROUGHT

LAKKUR-5.6 ND -0.3 NEAR NORMAL 53.9 AGRI FAVORABLE 46.1 MODERATE DEP

NO DROUGHT

MASATHI7.7 ND 0.4 NEAR NORMAL 57.0 AGRI FAVORABLE 43.0 MODERATE DEP

NO DROUGHT

TYAKAL-13.7 ND -0.8 NEAR NORMAL 52.1 AGRI FAVORABLE 47.9 MODERATE DEP

NO DROUGHT

MULABAGAL-18.2 ND -1.2 MODERATELY DRY 64.4 AGRI FAVORABLE 35.6 MODERATE DEP

NO DROUGHT

AVANI8.5 ND 0.6 NEAR NORMAL 65.8 AGRI FAVORABLE 34.2 MODERATE DEP

NO DROUGHTBAIRAKUR -29.2 MD -1.9 SEVERELY DRY 48.2 MODERATE 51.8 SEVERE DEP DROUGHTDUGGASANDRA -27.0 MD -1.8 SEVERELY DRY 44.6 MODERATE 55.4 SEVERE DEP DROUGHT

TAYILUR-2.7 ND -0.2 NEAR NORMAL 61.9 AGRI FAVORABLE 38.1 MODERATE DEP

NO DROUGHT

SRINIVASPUR-1.3 ND -0.1 NEAR NORMAL 61.5 AGRI FAVORABLE 38.5 MODERATE DEP

NO DROUGHTNELAVANKI 14.9 ND 0.9 NEAR NORMAL 72.3 AGRI FAVORABLE 27.7 MILD DEP NO DROUGHTRONURU -3.6 ND -0.2 NEAR NORMAL 62.3 AGRI FAVORABLE 37.7 MODERATE DEP NO DROUGHTRAYALPADU -18.3 ND -1.1 MODERATELY DRY 55.0 AGRI FAVORABLE 45.0 MODERATE DEP NO DROUGHTYELLDUR -38.9 MD -2.4 EXTREMELY DRY 42.0 MODERATE 58.0 SEVERE DEP DROUGHT

Conclusion Map

THANK YOU…..