Submitted by:

PARUL RAJPUT,AKSHAY CHAUHAN,SHIVANI BEDI

Project Guide:

DR. TANUJA NAUTIYAL

Dept. of Chemistry, Northern India Engineering College

DROUGHT is an environmental extreme that is

characterized by an absence of precipitation in the local and

regional water cycle as a consequence of interactions of

elements of the atmosphere,

hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

DROUGHT is an environmental extreme that is

characterized by an absence of precipitation in the local and

regional water cycle as a consequence of interactions of

elements of the atmosphere,

hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS

CHINA: PART III EDROUGHT EPISODES

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,

Virginia, USA 

DROUGHT IN CHINA: 2010-2011

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE CHINA’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE CHINA’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK

FLOODS

TYPHOONS

EARTHQUAKES

LANDSLIDESS

DROUGHT EPISODES

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE

GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE

PROLONGED LACK OF PRECIPITATION

DROUGHTS DROUGHTS

LOSS OF SOIL MOSTURE

LOSS OF CROPS

DEPLETION/POLLUTION OF GROUND WATER

LOSS OF VEGETATION

INSECT INFESTATION

LOSS OF USE OF AG. LAND

CAUSES & CONSE-

QUENCES

CAUSES & CONSE-

QUENCES

DISASTER LABORATORIES

DISASTER LABORATORIES

THE 2010-2011 DROUGHT EPISODE IN CHINA

• The 2010–2011 drought episode, which began in late 2010 after a severe lack of rain and snow, was China’s worst drought episode in 60 years.

• Eight of China’s provinces (Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, and Shanxi), all wheat -producing regions, were impacted by the drought.

MAP OF CHINA’S PROVINCES

IMPACTS

• The drought caused water shortages for an estimated 2.31 million people and 2.57 million livestock.

• Within the eight provinces, 20% of the farmland and 35% of the wheat crop was impacted.

• The Hubei lake shrank to one-eighth of its normal surface area and one-fifth its usual depth, forcing 3,234 local residents to relocate.

• By June, 2011, the drought had affected 35 million people, including 4.2 million facing a drinking water shortage.

• By June, direct economic losses had reached 15 billion yuan (about 2.3 billion USD).

THE PARADOX: While these 8 provinces

were experiencing drought, other provinces were

experiencing flooding.

UNDERSTANDING DROUGHT

A Slow-Onset, Natural Phenomenon That Can Happen

Anywhere

CHARACTERISTICS OF DROUGHT

CHARACTERISTICS OF DROUGHT

• SLOW ONSET• DIVERSE IN

LOCATION AND DURATION

• DIFFICULT TO MEASURE THE DURATION AND THE EXTENT OF THE SOCIETAL IMPACTS

• SLOW ONSET• DIVERSE IN

LOCATION AND DURATION

• DIFFICULT TO MEASURE THE DURATION AND THE EXTENT OF THE SOCIETAL IMPACTS

DROUGHT HAZARDS

• HIGH TEMPERATURES • VERY LOW HUMIDITY• LOSS OF SOIL MOISTURE• VANISHING STREAMS, LAKES,

AND WATER TABLES

DROUGHT LINKAGES AND RISKS

• Drought is linked to loss of water quantity and quality, which can lead to major loss of life (people and livestock), loss of livelihoods, loss of habitats, and sometimes famine.

CHINA;S COMMUNITIES

CHINA;S COMMUNITIES

DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONDATA BASES AND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

• DROUGHT HAZARDS

• LOCATIONS

DROUGHT RISK

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

DROUGHT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• MONITORING • ADAPTATION• PREPAREDNESS

POLICY OPTIONS

HAZARDSHAZARDS

ELEMENTS OF RISKELEMENTS OF RISK

EXPOSUREEXPOSURE

VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATION

RISKRISK

E

DECREASE IN WATER QUALITY

DECREASE IN WATER QUALITY

UNACCEPTABLE RISKUNACCEPTABLE RISK

DECREASE IN WATER QUANTITY

DECREASE IN WATER QUANTITY

SUSCEPTIBILITY TO WILDFIRES

SUSCEPTIBILITY TO WILDFIRES

ECONOMIC LOSS; FAMINE; DEATHS

ECONOMIC LOSS; FAMINE; DEATHS

RISKRISK

DROUGHT RISKS (FOR A SLOW ONSET NATURAL

HAZARD)

• Loss of life (People and animals) • Loss of livelihoods and habitats• Loss of crops and agricultural land (e.g.,

from desertification)• Reductions in water quantity and quality• Large-scale migrations of people from

areas experiencing droughts and famines.

FACILITATING ACHIEVEMENT OF DROUGHT DISASTER

RESILIENCE

FACILITATING ACHIEVEMENT OF DROUGHT DISASTER

RESILIENCE

EMERGING TECNOLOGIES

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR DROUGHT RESILIENCE

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR DROUGHT RESILIENCE

• WEATHER FORECASTS

• MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., REMOTE SENSING)

• WARNING SYSTEMS

• WEATHER FORECASTS

• MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., REMOTE SENSING)

• WARNING SYSTEMS

• DATABASES FOR PAST DROUGHTS

• COMPUTER MODELS OF DROUGHT

• MAPS • DISASTER

SCENARIOS• HAZARD

ASSESSMENT • RISK

ASSESSMENT

• DATABASES FOR PAST DROUGHTS

• COMPUTER MODELS OF DROUGHT

• MAPS • DISASTER

SCENARIOS• HAZARD

ASSESSMENT • RISK

ASSESSMENT

DROUGHT DISASTER RESILIENCE

DROUGHT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• PURPOSE• IDENTIFICATION OF

DROUGHT PRECURSORS

• ALERT AND WARNING• PROTECT WATER

QUANTITY

• PROTECT WATER QUALITY

• PURPOSE• IDENTIFICATION OF

DROUGHT PRECURSORS

• ALERT AND WARNING• PROTECT WATER

QUANTITY

• PROTECT WATER QUALITY

• TECHNIQUE• REMOTE SENSING; SITE-

SPECIFIC MONITORING; MODELING

• PUBLIC AWARENESS; EDUCATION

• RESERVOIRS; CONSERVATION

• ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; WATER TREATMENT

• TECHNIQUE• REMOTE SENSING; SITE-

SPECIFIC MONITORING; MODELING

• PUBLIC AWARENESS; EDUCATION

• RESERVOIRS; CONSERVATION

• ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; WATER TREATMENT

DROUGHT DISASTER RESILIENCEDROUGHT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• PURPOSE• LAND-USE

CONTROL

• ADAPTATION TO THE SITUATION

• PURPOSE• LAND-USE

CONTROL

• ADAPTATION TO THE SITUATION

• TECHNIQUE• DROUGHT-

RESISTANT CROPS AND VEGETATION

• COMMUNITY DROUGHT RESPONSE PLAN

• TECHNIQUE• DROUGHT-

RESISTANT CROPS AND VEGETATION

• COMMUNITY DROUGHT RESPONSE PLAN

POLICY ADOPTION

POLICY ADOPTION

RISK ASSESSMENT

• VULNERABILITY

• EXPOSURE

• EVENT

POLICY ASSESSMENT

• COST

• BENEFIT

• CONSEQUENCES

TOWARDS DROUGHT DISASTER RESILIENCE

DROUGHTSDROUGHTS EXPECTED LOSS

EXPECTED LOSS

Submitted by:

PARUL RAJPUT,AKSHAY CHAUHAN,SHIVANI BEDI

Project Guide:

DR. TANUJA NAUTIYAL

Dept. of Chemistry, Northern India Engineering College