RATIONALE

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Water: Most critical single factor in crop production.

Irrigated agriculture: about 90 percent share in crop production.

Stagnant irrigation supplies

Enormous water losses

Low water productivity

Any quantum jump in agricultural productivity can only be brought by shifting from rainfed agriculture to irrigated agriculture and inexact irrigation to exact irrigation.

Drip Irrigation System is a solution for high water efficiency and productivity.

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Precision Irrigation Creates the Most Congenial Environment for Plant Growth

Water

Air Air

Water

DRIP IRRIGATION PRINCIPLE Application of Water Drop by Drop Direcly to Plant Root Zone

i.e.IRRIGATING CROP ROOTS, NOT THE SOIL

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Least Efficient

EFFICIENCY OF IRRIGATION METHODS

Most Efficient

Flood (40-50%)

Furrow (50-60%)

Bubbler (60-70%)

Sprinkler (70-80%)

Drip (80-90%)

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Drip Irrigation System Components

Head Control Unit

Pipes and Fittings

EmittingSystem

Filtration System

FertigationEquipment

Safety and Monitoring

DevicesPVC

PipesPVC

FittingsControl Valves

HDPEPipe

Integrated Drip Line/Drip Tapes

PlainLaterals+

Online Emitters

Primary Filter

Secondary Filter

Non Return Vl.Press. Release Vl.Air Release Vl.Vacuum Brk. Vl.Pressure RegulatorFlow MeterPress. Gauges

Main LineSub Main

Line PC NPC PC NPC

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Head Control Unit

Fertilizer Tank

Hydrocyclone Filer

Disc Filter

Water Meter

Air Release Valve

From Pump (Inlet to System)

Outlet to Field

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FILTERATION Prevent entry of impurities that can cause system clogging

Suspended Materials

Soil Particles

Organic Matter

Other Impurities

FILTERS TYPES1. Primary Filters

2. Secondary Filters

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Primary Filter Types

Gravel /Sand Media Filter

Hydro Cyclone Filter

Secondary Filter Types

Disc Filter

Screen Filter

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Gravel/Sand Media Filter

Prevent entry of organic impurities (e.g. algae)

Used when water source is exposed to sunlight (e.g. canal water stored in a pond)

Filtration Media

Silica Sand

Sharp edged silica sand

Inlet

Outlet

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Hydro Cyclone Filter

Tangential flow of water into the filter creates centrifugal action

Heavier particles (sand) are thrown towards periphery resulting into their separation from water

Inlet

Out

let

Inlet

Out

let

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Disc Filter

Micron precise filtration of solids

No filtration failure

Higher filtration efficiency

Outlet

Inlet

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Removes small size suspended materials (e.g. fine sand) or a little

amount of algae

Filtration Media

Screen Filter

Stainless steel/nylon/polyester mesh (16-400 mesh)

Inlet

Outlet

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Fertigation/Chemigation Application of nutrients and fertilizers to crop in soluble form along with irrigation water Injection of chemicals (acids, chlorine) for system cleaning / maintenance

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1. Fertilizer Tank

2. Venturi Injector

3. Injection Pump

Types of Fertigation Equipment

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Fertilizer Tank

Simple in operation

No external energy source required

Low cost

Limitations

Low fertilizer application uniformity

Each irrigation turn requires tank replenishment

Not suitable for automation

Merits

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Venturi Injector

No external energy source required

Better fertilizer application uniformity

Suitable for automation

Limitations

High pressure loss

Limited operating range

Merits

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Injection Pump

High fertilizer application uniformity

No pressure loss in the system

Suitable for automation

Limitations Relatively complicated to operate

High cost

Required external source of power

Limited operating range

Merits

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IN-FIELD SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Main Line

Hydrant

Sub Main

Lateral

Online Dripper

Integral Drip Lines/Drip Tapes

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Water Distribution PipesMainline

PVC made

Placed underground

Connect head control unit & sub-mains

Sub-Main PVC / PE made

Placed on surface / subsurface

Connect mainline & laterals

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Emitting Devices

Plain Laterals

Integrated Drip-lines

Drip Tape

Emitters/Drip

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Plain Laterals

PE made

Placed on surface /subsurface

Emitters can be fixed at desired spacing

Sizes varies from 12 to 20 mm

Suitable for orchards

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Integrated Drip-lines Emitters are inbuilt at different spacing

Suitable for row crops

Sizes varies from 12 to 16 mm

Long Life

High initial cost

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Drip Tape Inbuilt labyrinth (hole) at different spacing

Suitable for row crops

Suitable for plain terrain

Low initial cost

Recyclable

Short life

Labyrinth

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Pressure Compensated

Emitters/Drippers

Suitable for undulating topography

Non Pressure Compensated Suitable for plain terrain

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SPRINKLER IRRIGATION PRINCIPLE Water is sprayed through the air (usually in predetermined patterns) that falls on crop/soil like rain

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Sprinkler Types

Hand-Move Lateral

Gun Sprinkler

Fixed / Permanent Sprinkler

Center Pivot System

Linear Move System

Hand-Move LateralMain-line is buried or portable with valve outlets at intervals for attaching portable laterals

Limitations High labor requirement

Susceptible to leakage at joints

Suitable for almost all crops

Usable for every type of topography

Merits

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Gun Sprinkler

Irrigate large area in one location

Operate manually or automatically

More suitable for supplemental irrigation

Low initial cost

Limitations

Not suitable for windy areas

Large droplet size compact the soil

High application rate causes runoff

Requires more energy

Merits

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Fixed / Permanent Sprinklers

Permanently laid main, sub-main, lateral lines with stationary water source and pumping unit

Merits

High initial cost

High Energy requirement

Limitations

Suitable for orchards, berries, grasses and ornamental plants etc

Requires less labour

Can be fully automated

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Center PivotSprinkles water from a continuously moving lateral pipeline around a pivot (fixed end of the lateral). The lateral line consists on number of sprinklers at specific spacings

Merits

High initial cost Requires field free from ground obstructions (electric poles, trees etc.) Difficult to cover field corners

Better irrigation application uniformity Suitable for almost all crops Can be fully automated Very low labor requirement

Limitations

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Linear-Move System (lateral line & pumping unit) moves linearly across the field

Limitations High initial cost Only suitable for irrigating rectangular fields Rectangular field free from ground obstructions (electric poles, trees etc.)

Better irrigation application uniformity Suitable for almost all crops All field including corners are equally irrigated

Merits

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MERITS, LIMITATIONS & IMPACT

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MERITS

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LIMITATIONS

Lack of Skilled Human Resources

Lack of Technical Backup Support

High Initial Cost

In-sufficient Intuitional Support

Need Inbuilt Weed Control Program

Susceptible to Theft

Leaking & Clogging of Equipment

Require Skilled Management

Crop Yield Increase

(%) Water Saving

(%)

Cotton 60 62

Sugarcane 167 47

Maize 75 35

Citrus 44 22

Mango 100 36

Potato 75 62

Tomato 150 50

Onion 69 56

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IMPACT

Mr. Waqar Khan site tehsil hazro Distt. Attock

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Izhar farms Chakwal

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Amna Tareen - Lodharan

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Muhammad Anwar - Bahawalpur

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Muhammad Qasim Qureshi - Dera Ghazi Khan

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Mouza Kallo, Tehsil Talagang, District Chakwal

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Blue Revolution in the Making

THANKS