DRIP IRRIGATION

Presented by: Hassan Noorani BagF14M064

Department of agronomy, University college of agriculture, University of Sargodha

WHAT IS IRRIGATION?It is the artificial application of water to crops rather than rain water to over come its daily water requirement for better growth.

TYPES OF IRRIGATION METHODS

Gravity or tradional irrigation methods

Prassurized irrigation methods

In this type of irrigation water  drip slowly to the roots of many different plants, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters.

DRIP IRRIGATION

A surface drip irrigation system uses close emitter spacing (12”-18”) and a thin wall (8-10 mil) drip line injected 1” to 6” below the surface.

SURFACE DRIP IRRIGTION

A subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system uses 20” 27” emitter spacing and a slightly thicker wall (13-15mil) drip line injected 8” – 14” below the surface. 

SUB-SUFFACE DRIP IRRIGATION

BASIC PARTS OF DRIP SYSTEM

To maintain the pressure and addition of fertilizer in irrigation water

Water Pump And Fertigation unit

Q=27.78(AD/RT) Where: Q=Discharge of pump A=Area(ha) D=Depth of irrigation(cm) R=No of days for which water is pumped

T=Duration of pumping(hrs/day)

Discharge Capacity of a Pump

Example A= 5 ha D = 100 cm R = 150 days T = 6 hrs/day Q = 15

The mainline is the pipe that goes from the water source to the Isolation valves.

Main line

The lateral is the pipe located between a isolation valve and the drip tube

Lateral and/or Sub-Main

Drip Tubing (Drip Hose)This tube is connected to sub-main and emitters are installed on this tube.

Valves turn on or off the water flow through a pipe

VALVES

Isolation valves :are manually or power operated valves used for infrequent shut-off of the water.Control valves: are the valves that turn on and off the water to individual “circuits” or areas of the yard that are irrigated separate from one another. 

This device prevents the irrigation system water from

being siphoned back into drinking water.

Backflow Preventer

A pressure regulator reduces the water pressure and keeps it at a constant level.

Pressure Regulators 

 Non-adjustable pressure regulator

Adjustable-type pressure regulator

The filter cleans the water

Filters

These connect to the tubing or can be inside the tubing and deliver water at a slow, consistent rate, usually, 0.5, 1, 2 gallons per hour.

Emitters

(end-of-line)

On-Line Dripper

Flow Rate: ½ GPH 1 GPH 2 GPH

Flow rate: ½ GPH 1 GPH

In-Line

Flow rate: 1 GPH 2 GPH 3 GPH

Flag-Dripper

It is provided at the end of each sub main to flush out the water and dirt’s.

FLUSH VALVE/ CAP

WU= ET∗ Kc∗ Cp∗ A

Where WU is water usage, Et is evapotranspiration, Kc is crop factor, Cp is canopy factor, and A is the area in m2

Water Requirement

• No water to runoff, deep percolation, or evaporation. • It reduces water contact with crop leaves, stems, and fruit.• Less favorable for the onset of diseases.• Precisely to meet crop demands• Increases yield and quality• Efficient application of chemicals• Adaptable to oddly shaped fields, any soil texture (even

excessive infiltration, water puddling, or runoff). • Precise application of nutrients

Advantages

• High Cost • Leaking or plugging of drip lines and

emitters• Drip tape causes extra cleanup costs after

harvest.

Disadvantages

Onion

Banana

Chili

Cotton