A PRESENTATION A PRESENTATION ON ON

DRIP IRRIGATIONDRIP IRRIGATION PRESENTED BYPRESENTED BY

HEMANTA PATHAK (GAU-C-13/015)HEMANTA PATHAK (GAU-C-13/015)PRANAB KUMAR DAS (GAU-C-13/126)PRANAB KUMAR DAS (GAU-C-13/126)RUPAM GAYAN (GAU-C-13/140)RUPAM GAYAN (GAU-C-13/140)ABINASH BAISHYA (GAU-C-13/142)ABINASH BAISHYA (GAU-C-13/142)

CONTENTSCONTENTS

INTRODUTIONINTRODUTION WHAT IS DRIP IRRIGATION ?WHAT IS DRIP IRRIGATION ? WHY SHOULD WE USE DRIP IRRIGATIONWHY SHOULD WE USE DRIP IRRIGATION COMPONENTS OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMCOMPONENTS OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM TYPICAL LAYOUT OF DRIP IRRIGATION TYPICAL LAYOUT OF DRIP IRRIGATION

SYSTEMSYSTEM ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Definition-IrrigationDefinition-Irrigation Irrigation can be defined as the process of artificially Irrigation can be defined as the process of artificially

supplying and systematically dividing of water for supplying and systematically dividing of water for agriculture and horticulture. It is actually the artificial agriculture and horticulture. It is actually the artificial application of water to overcome the deficiencies in application of water to overcome the deficiencies in rainfall for growing crops.rainfall for growing crops.

NecessityNecessity

1.Less rainfall1.Less rainfall 2.Non-uniform rainfall2.Non-uniform rainfall 3.Growing a number of crops during a year3.Growing a number of crops during a year 4.Growing perennial crops4.Growing perennial crops 5.Commercial crops with additional water5.Commercial crops with additional water 6.Controlled water supply6.Controlled water supply

Methods of irrigationMethods of irrigation 1.Surface irrigation1.Surface irrigation 2.Sub-surface irrigation2.Sub-surface irrigation 3.Sprinkler method3.Sprinkler method 4.Drip irrigation4.Drip irrigation Sources of irrigationSources of irrigation 1.Surface water1.Surface water Such as in streams, rivers, and lakes. chief source of water Such as in streams, rivers, and lakes. chief source of water

used for irrigation.used for irrigation. 2.Ground water2.Ground water Stored beneath the earth’s surface in spaces between rocks, Stored beneath the earth’s surface in spaces between rocks,

grains of sand, and other substances in soilgrains of sand, and other substances in soil..

3.Other sources3.Other sources Farmers use water from sewage treatment plants.Farmers use water from sewage treatment plants.

WHAT IS DRIP WHAT IS DRIP IRRIGATION?IRRIGATION?

Drip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation or Drip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation or micro-irrigation ,is an irrigation method that saves micro-irrigation ,is an irrigation method that saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either onto the soil surface or to the roots of plants, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root zone, through a network of directly onto the root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It is done through valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It is done through narrow tubes that deliver water directly to the base of narrow tubes that deliver water directly to the base of the plant.the plant.

WHY SHOULD WE USE WHY SHOULD WE USE DRIP IRRIGATION?DRIP IRRIGATION?

Drip irrigation can be a great aid to the efficient use of Drip irrigation can be a great aid to the efficient use of water. A well designed drip irrigation system will lose water. A well designed drip irrigation system will lose practically no water to runoff, deep percolation or practically no water to runoff, deep percolation or evaporation. Irrigation scheduling can be precisely evaporation. Irrigation scheduling can be precisely managed to meet crop demands, holding the promise managed to meet crop demands, holding the promise of increased crop yields and quality. Drip irrigation of increased crop yields and quality. Drip irrigation decreases water contact with crop leaves, stems, and decreases water contact with crop leaves, stems, and fruits. Thus conditions may be less favorable for the fruits. Thus conditions may be less favorable for the onset of diseases. Agricultural chemicals can be used onset of diseases. Agricultural chemicals can be used more efficiently with drip irrigation. Since only the more efficiently with drip irrigation. Since only the crop root zone is irrigated, nitrogen already in the soil crop root zone is irrigated, nitrogen already in the soil is less subjected to leaching losses. Fertilizer that to be is less subjected to leaching losses. Fertilizer that to be added to plants can be used more efficiently.added to plants can be used more efficiently.

DRIP IRRIGATION IS USEFUL DRIP IRRIGATION IS USEFUL FOR CROPS…FOR CROPS…

FRUIT CROPSFRUIT CROPS Banana,pomegranate,Grapes,Citrus,pineapple,watermelon,mango,etc.Banana,pomegranate,Grapes,Citrus,pineapple,watermelon,mango,etc. VEGETABLE CROPSVEGETABLE CROPS Cabbage,Cauliflower,Okra,Potato,Onion,Chillis,Radish,Brinjal, Cabbage,Cauliflower,Okra,Potato,Onion,Chillis,Radish,Brinjal,

Bottle grown, French been, Capsicum, Bhindi, Beans, Baby Bottle grown, French been, Capsicum, Bhindi, Beans, Baby corn,Carrots,Cucumber, Ashgourd, Gherkins.corn,Carrots,Cucumber, Ashgourd, Gherkins.

COMMERCIAL CROPCOMMERCIAL CROP

Sugarcane, Cotton, Grountd nut, Chickpea.Sugarcane, Cotton, Grountd nut, Chickpea.

COMPONENTS OF DRIP IRRIGATION COMPONENTS OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMSYSTEM

The main components of a typical drip irrigation systems are:The main components of a typical drip irrigation systems are:1.1. A A pumppump to lift water. to lift water.2.2. A A head tankhead tank to store the water and to maintain a pressure to store the water and to maintain a pressure

head of 5 to 7 m.head of 5 to 7 m.3.3. Central distribution systemCentral distribution system which filters the water, adds which filters the water, adds

nutrients and regulates the pressure and amount of water to nutrients and regulates the pressure and amount of water to be applied.be applied.

4.4. Mains and secondaryMains and secondary lineslines made of polyethylene,PVC, or made of polyethylene,PVC, or a alkathyelene material. Diameter of the piping may vary a alkathyelene material. Diameter of the piping may vary from 20 mm to 40 mm.A water meter is fixed at the from 20 mm to 40 mm.A water meter is fixed at the beginning of the mains.beginning of the mains.

5. Trickle lines5. Trickle lines consisting of 10 to 20 mm diameter. PVC consisting of 10 to 20 mm diameter. PVC pipes with perforations at a distance equal to the spacing pipes with perforations at a distance equal to the spacing of the crops.of the crops.

6. Plastic nozzles or emitters 6. Plastic nozzles or emitters having perforations attached having perforations attached to the trickle line. The perforations are so designed that to the trickle line. The perforations are so designed that water leaves nozzle at a very slow rate,usually ranging water leaves nozzle at a very slow rate,usually ranging betwwen 2 to 10 litres per hour,depending upon the betwwen 2 to 10 litres per hour,depending upon the irrigation requirements of cropsirrigation requirements of crops

TYPICAL DRIP SYSTEM TYPICAL DRIP SYSTEM LAYOUTLAYOUT

ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

1. Less requirement of irrigation water.1. Less requirement of irrigation water.2. Water supply at optimum level.2. Water supply at optimum level.3. High yield.3. High yield.4. Reduced labour cost.4. Reduced labour cost.5. No soil erosion.5. No soil erosion.6. Suitable for any topography.6. Suitable for any topography.

DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES1. High initial cost.1. High initial cost.2. Danger of blockade of nozzles.2. Danger of blockade of nozzles.3. Change in spacing of nozzles.3. Change in spacing of nozzles.4. Shallow root depth.4. Shallow root depth.5. Maintenance problem due to leakage and5. Maintenance problem due to leakage and plugging.plugging.6. Cannot be implemented for small lands.6. Cannot be implemented for small lands.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION Drip irrigation is a latest sub-surface method of Drip irrigation is a latest sub-surface method of

irrigating water with higher water demands in irrigating water with higher water demands in arid region. It may not be applicable to all arid region. It may not be applicable to all farms. Yet, when properly designed, installed farms. Yet, when properly designed, installed and managed, drip irrigation may achieve water and managed, drip irrigation may achieve water conservation by reducing evaporation and deep conservation by reducing evaporation and deep drainage when compared to other types of drainage when compared to other types of irrigation such as flood or overhead sprinklers irrigation such as flood or overhead sprinklers since water can be more precisely applied to the since water can be more precisely applied to the plant roots. In addition, drip can eliminate plant roots. In addition, drip can eliminate many diseases that are spread through water many diseases that are spread through water contact with the foliage. contact with the foliage.