drawing instruments, materials and equipment
TRANSCRIPT
Drawing Instruments, Materials and
Equipment
1. Don’t use the scale as a ruler.2. Don’t use the head of the T-square as a
hammer.3. Don’t put oil on joints of compass.4. Don’t sharpen a pencil over the drawing
board.5. Cork the ink bottle all the time.6. Never put away instruments without
relieving the spring tension.
Reminders on the Use of Drawing Instruments
7. Never fill up a pen over the drawing board.8. Always clean the instruments and drawing
table before and after using them.9. Don’t fold drawing or tracing paper.10. Don’t use the edge of the T-square as a
guide in cutting the edge of paper.11. Rub the eraser only on the surface to be
erased.12. Always use the upper edge of the t-square
as guide in drawing.
Reminders on the Use of Drawing Instruments
13. Never use the divider as pincers or picks.14. Never use the same thumbtacks holes.15. Never job the dividers on the drawing
board.
Reminders on the Use of Drawing Instruments
T-Square Triangles
◦ 30 x 60 degrees◦ 45 degrees
Scale or Rule Drawing Pencils Technical Pens Dividers
Compass Protractor French Curves Erasing Shield Pencil Sharpener
Instruments, Materials and Euipment
Used as a guide in drawing horizontal lines. Permanent/fixed or movable/adjustable
head.
T-Square
Used as a guide in drawing vertical or inclined lines.
2 Types◦450 Triangle◦300 -600 Triangle
Made of celluloid
Triangles
As a guide, the 90 degrees is positioned against the blade of the T-square.
Can be combined to produce 15, 75 and 105 degrees angles.
To test the accuracy of the triangles, the 2 celluloid triangles should be positioned against each other on a piece of glass or mirror and check if they intersect on the same point.
Triangles
Use for measuring sizes and distances and for transferring measurements from it to the drawing paper.
Different Examples◦Triangular Scale ◦Flat ruler◦Steel tape◦Zigzag
Scale or rule
Used for drawing straight and curved pencil lines, either freehand or mechanically.
Have various grades of hardness and softness.
Pencil Grades◦H - hard (H-9H)◦B - soft (B-6B)◦F – fine◦HB – medium
Drawing Pencils
Used for lettering and drawing lines. Can vary from different sizes of points from
0.1mm to 2.0mm Common Brands
◦ Staedler, Rotring, Faber Castle Rule in using technical pens
◦ Handle it with care to avoid blots and broken tech pen points.
Technical Pens
Parts of a Tech Pen
Consist of two legs each with a needle point.
Legs should never be oiled Parts
◦ Handle ◦ Yoke – U-shaped metal piece which holds the legs◦ Leg ◦ Needle point
Divider
Use in creating arcs or circles Compass with pencil point and compass
with pen point. Parts of the compass
◦ Head or Handle◦ Yoke◦ Legs◦ Needle point◦ Pencil point (pencil compass)◦ Pen Point (pen compass)
Compass
Parts of a Compass
Used in determining the angle formed when straight lines intersect.
Protractor
Used as guides in mechanically drawing irregular curved lines, either in pencil or in ink.
French Curves
Necessary when erasing inked or pencil lines or views located in areas where there is no line.
Thin sheet of stainless steel or alloyed aluminum.
Erasing shield
Use to sharpen drawing pencil of varying grades.
Pocket knife or razor blades can be a substitute
Pencil Sharpener
1. Lay off sheet to standard size.2. Decide what scale to use.3. Draw center line for each view and on others
“block in” view by laying off principal dimensions and outlines.
4. Draw the view.5. Finish the projections.6. Draw necessary dimension lines, and put
dimension values.7. Draw guidelines for the notes and then letter them.8. Lay-out the title9. Check the drawing carefully.
Order of Pencilling
1. Ink a full-line circles, beginning with the smallest, and then circle arcs.
2. Ink dotted circles in same order as #1.3. Ink any irregular curved lines.4. Ink straight full-lines in this order horizontal,
vertical and inclined.5. Ink straight dotted lines in the same order of #4.6. Ink center lines.7. Ink extension and dimension lines.8. Ink arrowheads and dimensions.9. Section-line all areas representing out surfaces.10. Letter notes and titles (draw pencil guidelines).
Order of Inking