dr. montville fall 2009. ama – nutrition is, “the science of food, the nutrients and substances...
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AMA – Nutrition is, “The science of food, the nutrients and substances therein, their interaction, action, and balance in relation to health and disease….” and the digestive and metabolic processes therein.
1 calorie = Amount of energy required to raise temp of 1g of water by 1C
Relating to food and nuts, 1,000 cal = 1 Kilo calorie = 1 Calorie
Energy needs:– Basal metabolism = f(lean body mass)– 60 – 70 % of basal requirement is from muscle.– 25-40% from physical activity– 10% “keeping warm”
Calories count– Intake > used: Gain weight– Intake < used: Lose weight– Intake = used: Maintain weight
Easier to keep weight off than lose itBody has “set point”
– Controlled by:ExerciseIntake controlBehavior modification
Calories and exercise- Dr. Montville’s cycling odyssey
Moving 175 lbs at 16.2 mph requires 700 calories per hour
M.S. ride: 80 miles at 16.2 mph = 5 hours Caloric expenditure = 3,500 calories Weight: Gain or lose?
180
190
200
210
220
230
4 19 37 73 89 119 133 143 157 169 183 206 230 250
weight
% body fat x 10
Log. (% body fat x10)
Linear (weight)
cycling 2004
0200400600800
100012001400160018002000220024002600280030003200
4 19 37 73 89 119 133 143 157 169 183 206 230 250day of year
mile
s
cumulative mile
Ways to monitor “appropriate weight”:– Height and weight tables– Body mass index (BMI)
BMI = Weight (kgs) % (height in meters)2
– “Should” be 18-25– > 30 = obese;
Over-estimates risk in muscular people (athletes)
Remember? Eating serves *many* social, cultural, and physiological roles Endorphins Serotonin
Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia
Extreme weight loss <85% of ideal body weight Distorted body image Societal pressure Control needs 90% women, 10% male Amenorrhea Can be Fatal
Lower body temperature Lanuga (downy hair on skin) Rough dry skin Low blood pressure Low white blood cell count Depression Tooth loss
Binge and purge 2x/week for 2-3 months Single binge up to 12,000 calories Lack of control and inappropriate compensation 40% male, 60% female, 5-17% of college age
females They recognize behavior as:
– Abnormal– Secretive
½ have major depression
Slightly above normal body weight Tooth demineralization Esophageal damage Low potassium, arrhythmia
Eat a variety of foods – best source of nutrients is their natural source.
Eat a balanced diet – don’t over-consume any one product Single food diets hard to maintain long term.
Eat in moderation – beware of “super-sizing” and “special occasion” eating.
Be aware of nutrient density – ideally % daily calories should about equal daily nutritional needs.
Beware of energy (calorie) density – nuts have more calories per unit weight than fruits do. Fried foods have more calories than the same food baked or broiled.
INCREASE ACTIVITY!!!! Building muscle mass increases basal rate of caloric burn.
Nutrition is more than weight control Weight Control
– Calories count– Methods of monitoring “weight”
% Body fat– case study, Dr. Montville weight
Other nutritional claims– Diseases with nutritional components– Getting information from Food Labels NLEA– Supplements
The Food Pyramid, up close and personal “Diets”
– A diet that works– Akins and Pritkins
Eating Disorders– Anorexia nervosa– Bulimia