dr. marjorie peace lenn executive director center for quality assurance in international education...
TRANSCRIPT
Dr. Marjorie Peace Lenn
Executive Director
Center for Quality Assurance in International Education
National Center for Higher Education
Washington, D.C.
www.cqaie.org
October 1, 2004
CLEAR *** Kansas City
KNOWLEDGE
has become the
single most
important
factor in
economic development
and
global competitiveness
Higher Education Concerns
1. Appropriate Objectives
2. Good Management
3. Effective Operations
=
Quality Assurance/
Accreditation
Profession’s Concerns1. Code of Conduct/Ethics
2. Keeping Current in Practice
3. Mobility
=
Competency Assurance/
Certification and Licensure
Shared Characteristics: Quality Shared Characteristics: Quality & Competency Assurance& Competency Assurance
Defines by Setting StandardsDefines by Setting Standards Assists in Reform EffortsAssists in Reform Efforts Provides Structure for Provides Structure for
Improvement/PlanningImprovement/Planning Assists Users to Make Assists Users to Make
Choices & DecisionsChoices & Decisions
GPS #1: ACCESS
GPS #2: MOBILITY
GPS #3: QUALITY
GPS #1: ACCESS
GPS #2: MOBILITY
GPS #3: QUALITY
ACCESSACCESS
Global Supply of Global Supply of LearnersLearners
YearYear GlobalGlobal AsiaAsia
1990 48M1990 48M 17M 17M
2025 159M2025 159M 87M 87M
Source: International Education: Australia’s Potential Source: International Education: Australia’s Potential Demand & Supply, IDBDemand & Supply, IDB
Tertiary Enrollment Ratios, 1995Tertiary Enrollment Ratios, 1995
National Quality Assurance Agencies: A
Global View
The scope and status of agencies vary, depending on countries.
The list is not exhaustive, especially where there are rapidly growing movements as governments
face pressing needs to establish a quality assurance agency.
courtesy of OECD/CERI
Share of Enrollment in Share of Enrollment in Private Higher Education Private Higher Education
(percent)(percent)
Note: In the few Western European countries which have a high proportion of enrollments in private institutions (for example, Belgium and the Netherlands), higher education continues to be almost entirely financed by the state which subsidizes both public and private higher education institutions.
Source: World Bank 2003
TransnationalEducation
Branch Campuses Study Abroad Franchises Twinning Distance Education Corporate Programs
LargestImporters
Canada
France
Germany
United Kingdom
United States
(63% of 1.2 million market)
UNESCO
Largest ExportersLargest Exporters
AustraliaAustralia 4 billion $4 billion $
United Kingdom United Kingdom 3 billion $3 billion $
United States United States 13 billion $ 13 billion $
Sources: DETYA, USTR, COMMERCESources: DETYA, USTR, COMMERCE
Top Ten Top Ten Services ExportsServices Exports
TravelTravel $71.3 bill$71.3 bill Transportation Transportation $45.5 bill$45.5 bill Financial SvcsFinancial Svcs $16.5 bill$16.5 bill Commercial, Professional & Technical Commercial, Professional & Technical
SvcsSvcs $16.3 bill$16.3 bill Education and Training ServicesEducation and Training Services
$13.0 bill$13.0 bill EntertainmentEntertainment $ 7.1 bill$ 7.1 bill Information SvcsInformation Svcs $ 4.0 bill$ 4.0 bill TelecomTelecom $ 3.7 bill$ 3.7 bill Equip Installation, Maintenance & Equip Installation, Maintenance &
RepairRepair $ 3.7 bill$ 3.7 bill HealthcareHealthcare $ 1.2 bill$ 1.2 bill
Source: International Trade Administration, US Department of Commerce
GPS #1: ACCESS
GPS #2: MOBILITY
GPS #3: QUALITY
Effects of Regionalism
More outward-looking stance
Greater liberalization of national policy
Equal partnership with other countries
Source: Regional Integration, World Bank, 2003
MUTUAL
RECOGNITION
AGREEMENTS
MRA’s
Regional Free Trade Agreements: Toward
MRA’s
MERCOSUREngineering, Medicine, Agronomy
EUEuropean Consortium for Accreditation in Higher
Education (ECA)
APECEngineering & Architecture
US-CANADAMedicine, Engineering, Dentistry,
Accountancy
Global Definitions of Professions
Engineering – Washington Accord
Architecture – IUA
Accounting – WTO
Nurse Anesthesia – IFNA
Teacher Education - IRTE
Regional QA Organizations
• ENQA – EUROPE
• ECA – EUROPE
• CCA – CENTRAL
AMERICA
• APQN – ASIA PACIFIC
• AAAC – CANADA
• ASPA – USA
• CHEA - USA
Professional Accreditation and Certification: Gateways to Quality and Mobility in the Americas
June 10-11, 2004Mexico City
Co-Sponsors:Ministries of Education: Mexico and Chile
Ministries of Trade: Mexico and Chile Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
The World Bank
Coordinator:The Center for Quality Assurance in International Education
GLOBALIZING PROFESSIONSAND
THE CENTER FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE IN INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION
Allied Health (Latin America)Occupational Therapy (Also Europe)Physical Therapy (Also Europe)Speech Language Hearing
Management & Accounting (Global &
C/EEurope) Engineering (Global & Asia) Architecture (Global & Asia) Medicine (Eastern Europe) Counseling (Global) Law (Eastern Europe) Psychology (NAFTA) Nursing (NAFTA & Asia) Nurse Anesthesia (Global) Dietetics (Global) Journalism (Americas) Music (Asia, Europe, GCC) Teacher Education (Global & GCC)
Impact of Trade Agreements on Higher Education
National higher education
policy liberalization;
Common standards for
professional education;
Cross-border provision on
higher education by private
providers; and
Mutual recognition of
academic credentials
GPS #1: ACCESS
GPS #2: MOBILITY
GPS #3: QUALITY
Center for Quality Assurance in International Education
Global Activity: National Quality and Competency Assurance Capacity Building
AMERICASMexico, English Speaking Caribbean, Argentina,
Bolivia, Chile, Colombia
Regional Coordination: Organization of American States, Inter American Press Association
AFRICA Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa
Regional Coordination: Association of African Universities, South African Universities Vice Chancellors Association
MIDDLE EASTUnited Arab Emirates, Israel, Oman, West Bank and Gaza
Regional Coordination: GCC, World BankASIA
Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, People’s Republic of China, Thailand, Vietnam
Regional Coordination: World Bank, UNDP, OECD, Chinese Society for Evaluation of Higher Education
EUROPERomania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Estonia, Sweden, Balkans,
Switzerland, Greece
Regional Coordination: The World Bank, UNESCO, Council of Europe, OECD, Soros Foundation, US State
INQAAHEINQAAHEInternational Network of
Quality Assurance Agencies
in Higher Education
1991: 20 countries
2004: 80 countries
www.inqaahe.org
Principles of Good Practice
Regional Program for EA/PAsia Pacific Quality Network
Regional Quality Assurance Services
Regional Pool of External Reviewers
Regional Information Clearinghouse
Regional Staff Exchanges
Regional Training and Development
Liaison Functions with Regional and Global Organizations
OECD-UNESCOOECD-UNESCO2005 Goals2005 Goals
Provide better information on how to recognize bogus institutions of higher education and bogus accrediting bodies
Create an international recognition process for national quality assurance bodies
Encourage regional associations of quality assurance bodies
Create an international database of “accredited” institutions and programs of higher education
Improve the process of recognizing degrees across borders
How Not to Globalize a How Not to Globalize a ProfessionProfession
Multiple levels of practiceUncommon Standards for
Education & PracticeEmphasis on Inputs rather than
OutcomesMultiple routes to accreditation and certificationImmature or multiple International Organization(s)Protectionists vs. Globalists
Key LessonsKey Lessons
The Professions are GlobalizingThe Professions are Globalizing Countries Need to Keep PaceCountries Need to Keep Pace Growing Reliance on World Growing Reliance on World
Standard Professional Practice Standard Professional Practice (Global Competencies)(Global Competencies)
Need to Strengthen Capacity in Need to Strengthen Capacity in National Professional BodiesNational Professional Bodies
Gain Strength in Regional Gain Strength in Regional CooperationCooperation
GPS #1: ACCESS
GPS #2: MOBILITY
GPS #3: QUALITY