Dr M. Moaeen-ud-Din[(PhD (Genetics), Post-doc(Epigenetics)]Course No. AS-302Course Title ANIMAL HUSBANDRYCredit hours 3(2-2)

Introduction

Brief History of Livestock

Dr M Moaeen-ud-Din

Department of Livestock Production and Management

Holy Quran 66. And verily in cattle (too) will ye

find an instructive sign. From what is within their bodies between excretions and blood, We produce, for your drink, milk, pure and agreeable to those who drink it.

Surah 16. An-Nahl (The Bee)

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Introduction Animal

◦ Various organisms belonging to kingdom “ ANIMALIA”

Husbandry◦ Management of domestic affairs◦ Management of farming

Animal Husbandry◦ Science as well as management including

scientific breeding, housing, health care of common domestic animals aiming for maximum returnsDepartment of Livestock Production and Management Dr M Moaeen-ud-Din

Cont… Domestication

◦ The change in behavior at group level Taming

◦ The change in the behavior at the individual Domesticated Animals

◦ Kept for clear purpose, raised under human control, survival depends on the humans, acquire the character not found in wild,

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Cont… Livestock

◦ They are domesticated animals Taxonomy

◦ Branch of the biological science that attempts to classify living organism, into order/system, used to hierarchies or otherwise identify them

Wild Animals◦ The species which experience their full life cycle

without the intervention of humans

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History of Domestication More old than civilization Different ERAS in the human history

◦ Old stone age◦ New stone age◦ Metal age

Man was competitor for food How process of domestication started ?

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Different animal domesticated DOG (10000) BC at Natufian culture SHEEP & GOAT (8000) BC in western Asia

◦ Sheep from Ovis musimon and Ovis vignei◦ Goat from Pasan (Capra hircus aegarus) and sind wild

goat (Capra hircus blythi) Cattle (6000) BC in China Horse (4000) BC northern Russia from EOHIPPUS Camel (2500) BC in central Asia

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Classification of domestic animals (Linnaeus, 1707-1798)

Kingdom = ANIMALIA Phylum = CHORDATA Class = Mammalia Order

◦ Artiodactyls– Family Bovidae, Suidae, camelidae

◦ Perissodactyls Family Equidae

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Kingdom

Animal

Chordata

mammalia

Artiodactyla

Bovidae

Ruminant

Ovis

Sheep

Capra

Goat

Bos

Cattle

Bubalus

Buffalo

Suidae

Swine

Cameladae

3 Chambered stomach

Camel

Perissodactyla

Equidae

Horse, Donkey

Phyllum

Class

Class

Family

Genus

Species

Population of Livestock

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Features of increasing Livestock population

Horizontal expansion Resources are limited Old technologies Lack of education Lack of extension network Sick Government institute Fixed market Lack of processing

Department of Livestock Production and Management

Cont…. Ovis aries Capra hircus Bos taurus, Bos indicus Bubalus bubalis Camalus bactrianus, camalus dromidarius Eqauus caballus, eqauus asinus

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Literature to Consult Animal Husbandry by G.C. Banergee Principles and Practices in Livestock Management

by Muhammad Raiz Virk Wikipedia

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