downstream processing. oil refining gtl - gas to liquids
TRANSCRIPT
DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING
Oil Refining
GTL - Gas to Liquids
14.10
22.35
19.6019.95
20.30
North America
14.84
20.78
14.3114.34
14.60
WesternEurope
0.791.672.82
2.93 3.20
Africa4.196.16
5.075.73
6.70
South America
6.84
13.3514.85
12.7510.70
Eastern Europe
2.273.41
4.936.03
6.30
Middle East
5.87
11.9913.09
18.5820.20
Asia and Pacific19701980199019982002
Million Barrels Per DayOil Refining
What is Crude Oil?≈ A huge jumble of Hydrocarbons (Hydrogen + Carbon).
≈Methane (CH4) right through to C60+ (and everything in between).
≈ Contains plenty of Impurities.
Silt
Petrol
Bitumen
Diesel
Jet
Heavy Fuel
Butane
Salts
Water
Organic Acids
Oil Refining
Lytton - 1965105,500 bpd
Kwinana - 1955138,500bpd
Geelong - 1954119,000 bpd
Kurnell - 1956124,500 bpd
Altona - 1949135,000 bpd
Port Stanvac - 196378,000 bpdMOTHBALLED
Clyde - 192886,000 bpd
Oil Refining
Bulwer Is - 196588,000 bpd
jetty
processing plant
finished products tank farm
crude oil tank farm
component tankage
Oil Refining
≈ Separation
≈ Conversion
≈ Purification
≈ Blending
Refining Processes
Oil Refining
Removal of Salts≈ Salts in crude oil will corrode and cause blockage in the
plant
≈ They are removed by washing pure water through the oil in the presence of an electrical current
≈ The salts prefers to be in the water as they are soluble. The electric current coalesces, or joins together, small water droplets into bigger ones so that they can ‘drop out’ of the crude oil and be recovered.
≈ Salts are then removed from the water so that the water can be reused
Separation
Oil Refining
Oil Refining
Distillation (fractionation)
≈Atmospheric occurs in distilling column at or near atmospheric pressure at around 350 - 400OC
≈Vacuum allows the separation of heavy hydrocarbons with boiling points of 450OC and higher without them “cracking”
Separation
Oil Refining
Oil Refining CLICK TO PLAY ANIMATION
Oil Refining
Catalytic (Cat) Cracking - uses heat and acatalyst to “crack” heavy hydrocarbon fractions
Thermal Cracking - uses heat to crack residue fromvacuum distillation
Hydrocracking - cat cracking in the presence of H2
Conversion
Oil Refining
Cracking
in the presence of a catalyst becomes
Oil Refining
Catalytic Cracker
Oil Refining
in the presence of a catalyst becomes
+
- using heat, pressure and a catalyst to change straight molecules into circular molecules to make high octane petrol and petrochemical feedstock
Oil Refining
Catalytic reforming
Catalytic Reformer
Oil Refining
in the presence of a catalyst becomes
- joining lighter molecules together to form higher quality petrol, aviation fuels or petrochemicals
Oil Refining
Alkylation and polymerisation
AlkylationOil Refining
Hydrotreating - mixing of feedstockwith H2 and heating to remove sulphur compounds
Purification
Oil Refining
Oil Refining
GTL – GASTO LIQUIDS
GTL - Gas to Liquids
GTL - Gas to Liquids
GTL - Gas to Liquids
STEP ONESyngas
2CH4 + O2 = 4H2 + 2CO
STEP TWOFischer-Tropsch
CO + 2H2 = -CH2- + H2O
STEP THREESeparation
GTL - Gas to Liquids
1 2 3
4 5 6
GTL - Gas to Liquids
Mossel Bay, South Africa
GTL - Gas to Liquids
Bintulu, Indonesia
GTL - Gas to Liquids
Escravos, Nigeria
GTL - Gas to Liquids
Thank you.Thank you.