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Working With An Investigator
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What Can An Investigator Do?
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What Can an Investigator Do?
• Find and interview witnesses.
• Interview your client.
• Be a witness
• Go places you can’t – or won’t
• Gather documents, find new evidence.
• Find what you may have missed in records you already have.
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Finding an Investigator
• Listservs
• http://www.misahq.com
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Match the job …… to the person
• Surveillance
• Background checks
• Witness interviews
– What kind of witnesses?
– Where?
• Data analysis
• Retired law enforcement
• Adventurous liberal arts majors (including former journalists)
• Law students*
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≠
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Ask About Skills and Resources
• Databases
– Tracers
– IRB
– TLO
– Motor vehicle data
• The Basics
– Car
– Camera
– Releases
• Skills
– Familiarity with subject matter
• Mental health
• Criminal
• Insurance
– Internet
– GPS
– Video
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You’ve found someone who seems right. Now what?
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Hit the Streets?
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Discovery Dump?
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Talk About Expectations
Don’t assume your way is the way.
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Talk About Money First
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• Investigators can’t enforce a contract to pay against someone who never signed.
• Talk about your budget. Physical work takes more time.
• Retainer agreements can include language about your expectations of the investigator.
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Notes During Interviews?
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Notes During Interviews
• Depends on your preference. My go-to way:
• Always
– Prosecution witnesses
• Sometimes
– Defense witnesses
• No
– Nervous witnesses
– Sometimes civil cases
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All actions cause a reaction
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Communication
• Updates over the phone
• Memos
• Text
• Emoji?
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Investigating Santa
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Memos?
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Memo questions
• Will it be discoverable?
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Memo questions
• Will it be discoverable?
• Does your investigator have a photographic memory?
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Memo questions
• Will it be discoverable?
• Does your investigator have a photographic memory?
• Do you want to memorialize the good stuff or document inconsistent statements. (Short and sweet v. kitchen sink.
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Memo questions
• What format?
– Draft
– Bullet points
– Narrative
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Be Realistic
• Investigation takes time.
• Investigators can’t change facts, memories, or emotions. We may bring you bad facts, but we didn’t make them.
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What CAN’T an Investigator Do?
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What CAN’T an Investigator Do?
• Lie.In certain cases, that includes
pretexting
• Get witnesses to change their story.
• Find things that don’t exist.
• Use the internet to read minds or locate people who don’t partake in the 21st Century. The internet is not a crystal ball.
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Don’t you hate it when your clients tell you how to do your job?
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• We feel the same. BUT… we always respect a lawyer who’s an investigator at heart and respects the craft.
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Why interview witnesses?
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Why interview witnesses?
Find out what they will say.
Get dirt on another witness.
Find helpful information.
Create trust.
Find out what the other side is doing.
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Where are the witnesses?
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Who Are The Witnesses?
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Sorry, I lied.
The Internet
Is a Crystal Ball*
*Except when it’s not.
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Resources
• http://casesearch.courts.state.md.us
• http://douweosinga.com/projects/googlehacks
• http://registers.maryland.gov/main/
• https://services.wcc.state.md.us
• https://mdlandrec.net
• http://dclibrary.org/research/databases
• https://gov.propertyinfo.com/dc-washington/
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Looking for John Smith who works at UnderArmour
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Not much better
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Hack it up
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Better
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How to contact witnesses?
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Just call them, it’s cheaper.
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Suck it up and …
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Talking to witnesses
• Smile
• Think about questions, and answers, first. (Expectations.)
• Know who you’re talking to.
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Cultural Intelligence
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We Can’t Change A Witness’s Mind
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But Sometimes We Can Change How TheyThink About What TheyRemember
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Records!
Where does a witness work?
• Linked in, Indeed
• Real Estate Docs
• Workers Comp
• Divorce
• Child Support
• Civil and criminal records
• Landlord tenant court
History of lying
• Criminal and Civil Court
• Liens
• Workers Comp
• Facebook/Instagram
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Why can’t I just send a paralegal?
• What’s a court clerk’s favorite word?
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NO!
NO!
NO!
NO!
NO!
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Google Like Crazy
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Presenting/Preserving Evidence
• Maps
• Measurements
– Calibrate, calibrate, calibrate
• Photos
• Screen shots
• Even better ScreenFlow or similar
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ScreenFlow
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We share a client
• Talk about attorney-client privilege.
• Whenever possible, and especially in criminal cases, introduce the investigator and the client.
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Talking to your client
• Your client may not feel the same need to impress/not disappoint an investigator
• Your investigator may be a good translator –legal jargon is scary. And you may not understand your client.
• You may not really even know your client
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Who wouldn’t trust this face?
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Who wouldn’t trust this face?
Police say a 15-year-old Boy Scout charged with killing his parents and two younger brothers shot them as they slept, then returned a day later after spending time withfriends to stage the discovery of their deaths.
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Know How The Sausage Gets Made
• Don’t ask a PI to “just get it done.”
• Know the rules
• What you don’t know can hurt you.
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Anthony Pellicano
• Sentenced to 15 years in federal prison for illegal wiretaps
• Co-defendant was lawyer Terry Christensen who got three years
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A Good PI Will Say No
• If you ask them to break the law.
• If you ask them to interview a witness who is represented.
• If you ask them to lie.
• You are not the PI’s attorney and therefore she can’t use your advice as a defense if she breaks the law on your orders.
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More Resources
• Wedding registries (Target, Macy’s, https://www.zola.com)
• Past weather http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/customer-support
• http://weather.org/weatherorg_records_and_averages.htm
• https://www.guidestar.org/Home.aspx• https://ujsportal.pacourts.us/docketsheets.aspx• https://www.nycourts.gov• http://www.txdps.state.tx.us• https://projects.propublica.org/docdollars/