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UPUTSTVO ZA PISANJE ESEJA NA PREDMETU PSIHOLOGIJA
Opšti cilj izrade eseja je sticanje iskustva i veština pisanja akademskih radova, sa
specifičnim ciljem da se student upozna sa nekim od čuvenih eksperimenata u oblasti
psihologije.
Studenti biraju temu eseja u dogovoru sa predavačem. Esej se radi timski, od po četvoro
(četiri osobe pišu i usmeno brane esej).
U eseju, student treba da predstavi jedan od poznatih eksperimenata koji su imali veliki
uticaj na razvoj psihološke misli (sa liste predloženih eksperimenata). Pri tome je neophodno da
student objasni sve psihološke termine u tekstu.
Esej treba da sadrži sledeće elemente:
1. Osnovne biografske podatke o psihologu koji je sproveo eksperiment
2. Objašnjenje eksperimenta i psiholoških termina
3. Priloge (video materijal, testovi, linkovi ka internet stranicama, itd)
4. Kritički osvrt na eksperiment (mišljenje studenta o eksperimentu)
5. Literaturu
Referenciranje i navođenje literature
Svaka preuzeta definicija, podela, ili mišljenje drugog autora treba da bude propraćena:
a. odgovorajućom fusnotom (navođenje pune reference)
b. navođenjem autora u zagradi (prezime, godina) ili
c. endnotom (broj koji označava redni broj reference u literaturi na kraju rada [1].
Slike, tabele, grafici i prilozi treba da budu numerisani i naslovljeni (npr. Slika 1. Opis
slike). Za preuzete slike, tabele i grafike drugih autora takođe treba navesti izvor na jedan od
prethodno navedenih načina.
Osim za potrebe navođenja podataka odakle je preuzet deo teksta, fusnote mogu da se
koriste i za dodatno objašnjenje pojma ili upućivanje na literaturu gde može više da se sazna o
problemu.
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Spisak korišćene literature se navodi na kraju rada. U njemu treba da se navedu svi
korišćeni izvori u tekstu. Literaturu treba srediti po azbučnom ili abecednom redu u zavisnosti
od od toga da li je rad pisan ćirilicom ili latinicom. Za pisanje seminarskog rada se koriste knjige,
naučni članci i izvori sa interneta.
1. Referenciranje knjige: Mihailović, D., & Ristić, S. (2005). Timski rad i radni apsentizam.
Beograd: Viša železnička škola.
2. Referenciranje internet stranice: Fakultet organizacionih nauka, Raspored nastave, datum
pristupa: 2/10/2015, http://www.fon.rs/osnovnestudije/nastava/
3. Referenciranje naučnog članka: George, J. M. (1992). Extrinsic and Intrinsic Origins of
Perceived Social Loafing in Organizations. Academy of Management Joumal , 35 (1),
191-202.
Esej treba da sadrži najmanje 3 reference.
Forma seminarskog rada
Broj strana: 2 strane teksta po studentu bez priloga. Svi prilozi (testovi, slike, itd) treba
da budu na dopunskim stranama.
Margine: po 2.54 cm sa svake strane (margins normal)
Font: Arial (naslovi 13pt, tekst 11pt, fusnote 10pt), Times New Roman (naslovi
14pt, tekst 12pt, fusnote 10pt), Calibri (naslovi 14pt, tekst 12pt, fusnote 10pt) ili Cambria
(naslovi 14pt, tekst 12pt, fusnote 10pt). Sve naslove treba boldovati.
Prored: 6pt nakon pasusa, prored 1 (6pt after paragraph, single line spacing). Umesto
proreda može da se koristi enter nakon završetka pasusa.
Poravnanje: obostrano (justified)
Predaja i odbrana eseja: Studenti rad šalju na e-mail [email protected] ili
[email protected] (zavisno od termina slušanja vežbi).
Prijava i pregledanje seminarskog rada
Prijava se vrši upisivanjem u spreadsheet formu, na linku:
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https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/10s2lzme6gafRFhpdOLnu9oEhwyDk1OoiCVxTYOkGrU
0/edit?usp=sharing
Potrebno je da odaberete sheet sa vašom grupom, zatim odabrete temu od trenutno
raspoloživih i upišete naziv tima, ime, prezime i broj indeksa članova tima kao i e-mail adrese.
Nakon toga na e-mail biće vam prosleđeni materijali za rad.
Konsultacije u vezi eseja su moguće u terminu konsultacija (sreda 17:00-18:00 i četvrtak 10:00-
12:00, kancelarija 307) ili putem elektronske pošte.
Završen esej se šalje na e-mail: [email protected], ili [email protected] (zavisno od
termina slušanja vežbi). Od studenta se može tražiti da unese izvesne izmene u esej. Student
može da ostvari 6-10 poena za pisani esej u zavisnosti od kvaliteta rada.
Rok za prijavu eseja je:
za grupe A7 i A9 (nastava utorkom) 18.10.2016,
za grupu A11 (nastava sredom) 19.10.2016. i
za grupe A1, A3 i A5 (nastava četvrtkom) 20.10.2016.
Za grupe A8 i A10 (nastava utorkom) 25.10.2016,
Za grupu A12 (nastava sredom) 26.10.2016, i
Za grupe A2, A4, A6 (nastava četvrtkom) 27.10.2016.
Prijava se vrši popunjavanjem forme na linku:
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/10s2lzme6gafRFhpdOLnu9oEhwyDk1OoiCVxTYOkGrU
0/edit?usp=sharing
Rok za predaju eseja (putem maila):
za grupe A7 i A9 (nastava utorkom) 1.11.2016,
za grupu A11 (nastava sredom) 2.11.2016. i
za grupe A1, A3 i A5 (nastava četvrtkom) 3.11.2016.
Predaja eseja se vrši putem elektronske pošte na adresu: [email protected].
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Za grupe A8 i A10 (nastava utorkom) 8.11.2016,
Za grupu A12 (nastava sredom) 9.11.2016, i
Za grupe A2, A4, A6 (nastava četvrtkom) 10.11.2016.
Predaja eseja se vrši putem elektronske pošte na adresu: [email protected]
Odbrana eseja: u terminima vežbi u dogovoru sa asistentom.
Predlog eksperimenata za esej: http://explorable.com
1. Votson i Rajnor – emocionalno uslovljavanje: experiment sa malim Albertom (Watson,
J.B., Raynor, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology,
3, 1-14; Harris, B. (1979). What Happened to Little Albert? American Psychologist, 34(2), 151-
160).
2. Roterov eksperiment kontrole potkrepljenja (Rotter, J.B. (1966). Generalized
Expectancies For INTERNAL Versus EXTERNAL Control of Reinforcement. Psychological
Monographs, 80, 1-28.
3. Selidžman i Majer - Naučena bespomoćnost (Seligman, M.E.P., Maier, S.F. (1967). Failure
To Escape Traumatic Shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74, 1-9.; Maier, S.F.,
Seligman, M.E.P. (1976). Learned Helplessness: Theory and Evidence. Journal ol
Experimental Psychology: General, 105, 1, 3-46.
4. Eksperiment sa očevicima saobraćajne nesreće – verodostojnost prisećanja očevidaca
(Loftus, Elisabeth; Palmer, John. (1974). Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An
Example of the Interaction Between Language and Memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and
Verbal Behavior, 13, 585-589; Loftus, E. (1975). Leading questions and eyewitness report.
Cognitive Psychology, 7, 560-572).
5. Jedan ili dva mozga – eksperiment sa komisurotomijom kod čoveka. (Gayyaniga, M.S.
(1967). The split brain in man. Scientific American, 217, 24-29.)
6. Pigmalion efekat u učionici (Robert Rosenthal, Lenore Jacobson (1966). Teachers'
Expectancies: Determinants Of Pupils' IQ Gains. Psychological Reports, 19, 115-118.
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7. Činiti ono što se propoveda – eksperiment veze stavova i akcija (LaPiere, R.T. (1934).
Attitudes vs. Actions. Social Forces, 13, 230-237.
8. Pasivni posmatrači događaja (John Darley, Bibb Latané: Bystander Apathy Experiment:
Latane, B., Rodin, J. (1969). A Lady in Distress: Inhibiting Effects of Friends and Strangers on
bzstander Intervention. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 5, 189-202; Darley, J.M.,
Latane, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 377-383.
9. Eksperiment „dobri samarićanin“ o spremnosti da se pritekne u pomoć (John Darley,
Daniel Batson: Helping Behavior: The Good Samaritan Experiment): Darley, J., Batson, D.
(1973). "From Jerusalem To Jericho": A Study Of Situational And Dispositional Variables In
Helping Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, 1, 100-108
10. Holmsova i Raheova lestvica socijalne prilagođenosti (Holmes, T.H., Rahe, R.H. (1967).
The social readjustment rating scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213-218.
11. Albert Bandura – Bobo lutke (Bobo doll experiment): Bandura, A., Ross, D., Ross, S.A.
(1961). Imitation Of Film-Mediated Aggressive Models. Journal of Abnormal and Social
Psychology, 63, 575-582.
12. Red rođenja i intelektualni razvoj (Zajonc, R.B., Markus, G.B. (1975). Birth Order and
Intellectual Development. Psychological Review, 82, 74-88.
13. Kulturološke razlike u pogledu facijalne ekspresije emocija (Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V.
(1971). Constants Across Cultures In The Face And Emotion. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 17, 124-129
14. Milgramov eksperiment (Stanley Milgram: Obedience to authority) (Milgram, S. (1965).
Liberating Effects Of Group Pressure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 2, 127-
134.; Milgram, S. (1965). Some Conditions of Obedience and Disobedience to Authority,
Human Relations, 18, 57-76., Milgram, S. (1964). Group pressure and action against person.
Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 69, 2, 137-143.; Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral
Study of Obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 371-378.
15. Hastorfova i Kantrilova studija selektivne percepcije (Albert Hastorf, Hadley Cantril:
selective group perception): Hastorf, A., Cantril, H. (1952). They saw a game: Case Study,
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16. Eksperiment Harloua sa surogat majkom (Harry Harlow: Monkey Love experiments):
Harlow, H.F. (1958). The Nature of Love. American Psychologist, 13, 673-685
17. B. F. Skinner – instrumentalno uslovljavanje (B.F. Skinner: Operant conditioning):
Skinner, B.F. (1948).
18. Tolmanove mape u umu (Tolman, E.C. (1948). Cognitive maps in rats and men.
Psychological Review, 55, 189-208.
19. Eksperiment kognitivne disonance (Leon Festinger, James Carlsmith: Cognitive
Dissonance Experiment): Festinger, L., Carlsmith, J.M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of
forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-210.
20. Ašov eksperiment o prvom utisku. (Asch, S.E. (1946). Forming impressions of
personality. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 41, 258-290.
21. Eksperiment sa suđenjima o karakteristikama ličnosti na osnovu izraza lica i emocija.
Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V., O`Sullivan, M., Scherer, K. (1980). Relative Importance of Face,
Body, and Speech in Judgments of Personality and Affect. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 38, no. 2, 270-277.; Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V., Sullivan, M., Chan, A. I dr. (1987).
Universals and Cultural Differences in the Judgments of Facial Expressions of Emotion,
Personality Processes and Individual Differences, 53, 4, 712-717.
22. Individualizam/kolektivizam (Triandis, H., Bontempo, R., Villareal, M., Asai, M., Lucca,
N. (1988). Individualism and Collectivism: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Self-Ingroup
Relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 323-338.
23. Uticaj emocija na kogniciju. (Ashby, F.G., Isen, A.M., Turken, U. (1999). A
Neuropsychological Theory of positive affect and its influence on cognition. Psychological
Review, 106, 3, 529-550.
24. Test hipnotičke sugestije (Spanos, N.P., Gorassini, D.R. (1984). Structure of Hypnotic
Test Suggestions and Attributions of Responding Involuntarily. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 46, 3, 688-696.
25. Psihoterapijski ishodi – Smith, M.L., Glass, G.V. (1977). Meta-Analysis of Psychotherapy
Outcome Studies. American Psychologist, 32, 752-760.
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26. Mančmelou test (Walter Michel: Stanford Marshmallow Experiment): Michel, W.,
Baker, N. (1975). Cognitive Appraisals and Transformations in Delay Behavior. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 2, 254-261.
27. Gilbertov eksperiment primat verovanja nad razumevanjem (Daniel Gilbert:
Understanding and Belief): Gilbert, D.T., Tafarodi, R.W., Malone, P.S. (1993). You can’t not
believe everything you read. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 2, 221-223.;
Gilbert, D.T., Hixon, G.J. (1991). The Trouble of Thinking: Activation and Application of
Stereotypic Beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, No. 4, 509-517).
28. Rosenhanov eksperiment sa lažnim pacijentima (pseudopacijenti) (David Rosenhan:
The pseudopatient experiment): poglavlje u knjizi i Weiner, B. (1975). On Being Sane in
Insane Places": A Process (Attributional) Analysis and Critique. Journal of Abnormal
Psychology, 84, 5, 433-441.
29. „Pristrasno opažanje pristrasnosti medija“ (Robert Vallone, Lee Ross, Mark Lepper:
Hostile media effect): Vallone, R.P., Ross, L., Lepper, M. (1985). The Hostile Media
Phenomenon: Biased Perception and Perceptions of Media Bias in Coverage of the Beirut
Massacre. Journal of Personality and Industrial Psychology, 49, 3, 577-585
30. Ašov eksperimenti konformizma (Solomon Asch: conformity experiments): Asch, S.E.
(1956). Studies of Independence and Conformity: I. A minority of one against a unanimous
majority. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 70, 9,1-69
31. Zimbardov eksperiment zatvora na fakultetu: Philip Zimbardo: Stanford Prison
Experiment (Zimbardo, Philip G. "On the ethics of intervention in human psychological
research: With special reference to the Stanford prison experiment." Cognition 2.2 (1973):
243-256.; Haney, C., & Zimbardo, P. (1998). The past and future of US prison policy: Twenty-
five years after the Stanford Prison Experiment. American Psychologist, 53(7), 709.
32. Eksperiment Halo efekta (Richard Nisbett, Timothy Wilson: The Hallo Effect
Experiment): Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious
alteration of judgments. Journal of personality and social psychology, 35(4), 250.
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33. Vegnerov eksperiment sa belim medvedom (Daniel M. Wegner: Thought Rebound
Experiment): Wegner, D. M., Schneider, D. J., Carter, S. R., & White, T. L. (1987). Paradoxical
effects of thought suppression. Journal of personality and social psychology, 53(1), 5.
34. Rosov eksperiment lažnog slaganja (Lee Ross: Ross’ False Consensus Effect
Experiments): Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977). The “false consensus effect”: An
egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes. Journal of experimental social
psychology, 13(3), 279-301.
35. Šerifov eksperiment grupne dinamike (Scherif: Sherif’s Robbers Cave Experiment):
Sherif, M., Harvey, O. J., White, B. J., Hood, W. R., & Sherif, C. W. (1988). The robbers cave
experiment. Intergroup conflict and cooperation.; Sherif, M. (1958). Superordinate goals in
the reduction of intergroup conflict. American journal of Sociology, 349-356.
36. Eksperiment sa pregovaranjem (Morgan Deutsch, Robert Krauss: Interpesonal
Bargaining Theory of Cooperation and Competition): Deutsch, M., & Krauss, R. M. (1960).
The effect of threat upon interpersonal bargaining. The Journal of Abnormal and Social
Psychology, 61(2), 181.
37. Eksperiment samoobmane Kvatrona i Tverskog (George Quattrone, Amos Tversky:
Quattrone&Tversky’s Self-Deception Experiment): Quattrone, G. A., & Tversky, A. (1984).
Causal versus diagnostic contingencies: On self-deception and on the voter's illusion. Journal
of personality and social psychology, 46(2), 237.
38. Efekat nagrade na smanjenje intrinzičke motivacije (Mark Lepper, David Greene,
Nisbett: Overjustification Effect: The Felt Tip Marker Study): Lepper, M. R., Greene, D., &
Nisbett, R. E. (1973). Undermining children's intrinsic interest with extrinsic reward: A test of
the" overjustification" hypothesis. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 28(1), 129.;
Greene, D., & Lepper, M. R. (1974). Effects of extrinsic rewards on children's subsequent
intrinsic interest. Child development, 1141-1145.)
39. Fenomen „slepila“ za sopstveni izbor (Lars Hall, Peter Johansson: Peter Johansson’s
Experiment and Choice Blindness): Johansson, P., Hall, L., Sikström, S., Tärning, B., & Lind, A.
(2006). How something can be said about telling more than we can know: On choice
blindness and introspection. Consciousness and cognition, 15(4), 673-692.
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40. Test sa lutkama različite boje (Kenneth Clark, Mamie Clark: Stereotypes and the Clark
Doll Test): Keppel, B. (2002). Kenneth B. Clark in the patterns of American culture. American
Psychologist, 57(1), 29.;
41. Leksička greška (David E. Mayer, Roger W. Schvaneveldt: The Lexical Decision Task):
Meyer, D. E., & Schvaneveldt, R. W. (1971). Facilitation in recognizing pairs of words:
evidence of a dependence between retrieval operations. Journal of experimental psychology,
90(2), 227.
42. Kameleon efekat: eksperiment (Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). The chameleon
effect: the perception–behavior link and social interaction. Journal of personality and social
psychology, 76(6), 893.
43. Tajfelov eksperiment socijalnog suđenja (Henry Tajfel: Social judgement theory
experiment): Tajfel, H. (1970). Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Scientific American,
223(5), 96-102.