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Unit 8
World War II 1939-1945U.S. enters 1941
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• SSUSH 19 : The students will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of world War II, especially the growth of the Federal Government
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Beach Invasion of Normandy
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Causes of World War II
• Great Depression• Rise of Totalitarian Governments• Treaty of Versailles- Made Germany go into
debt• The need for resources
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Totalitarian Govt
• Totalitarian- governments who restricted person freedoms and prohibited political opposition– Adolf Hitler- leader of Germany (NAZI party)– Benito Mussolini – Leader of Italy
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Hitler’s Aggression and Appeasement
• the Hitler took over all these lands• Rhineland• Annexed Austria• Annexed Sudetenland(western
Czechoslovakia) • Great Britain and France did nothing and
signed treaty with Germany this was called appeasement
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Japan
• Japan started seizing land for resources• Manchuria(part of china) was taken over by
Japan.
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Opposing sides• Axis -Germany, Italy, Japan
• Germany- Hitler; • Italy - Mussolini ;• Japan- Emperor Hirohito
• Allies- France, Britain, United States (1941), Soviet Union–Soviet Union –Joseph Stalin–Britain – Winston Churchill –U.S. – Franklin D. Roosevelt / Truman
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Axis leaders
Hitler
Mussolini Hirohito
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Totalitarian/Fascist Dictators Hitler and Mussolini
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Allies Churchill, Roosevelt, & Stalin
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Unites states Reaction to Japan and Germany
• Neutrality act- United States would not take sides
• A. Phillip Randolph- was going to march on Washington to get African Americans equal employment in the military
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World War II Begins1939-1945
• Sept. 1 1939 Hitler invaded Poland. This started the War.
• Hitler Signed treaty with Soviet leader Joseph Stalin- non aggression pact. Would not fight each other
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Germany’s Blitzkrieg
• Blitzkrieg – Germany's lighten fast warfare• Germany conquered Denmark, Norway,
Poland, Belgium, Netherlands, and France in less than a month
• Battle of Britain– German planes bombed Britain airfields and civil
areas in London at night – Royal Air force- Britain’s air force
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• Lend-lease act- send aid to countries and could defer payment until later. – Roosevelt said “if a neighbors house is on fire you
don’t sell him a hose”, “you give him a hose, then you get it back after the fire is out. This help your neighbor and makes sure that the fire doesn’t’ spread to your house. “
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• Dec. 7 1941 Japan attacked US naval fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This brought the united States into World War II– Dozen naval vessels damaged , 200 warplanes
destroyed, and 3000 people killed or wounded. – FDR said, “This was a day which will live in infamy”
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D-Day (operation overlord)
• D-Day or operation overlord (June 6, 1944) was the largest amphibious invasion ever on the beaches of Normandy, France.
• led by Supreme Commander Dwight D. Eisenhower.
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D-day(operation overlord ) June 6 1944
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• Hitler committed suicide when Berlin fell. • Germany surrendered and allies countries
celebrated V-E Day(victory over Europe day) may 8 1945
•
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Holocaust
• Hitler Proposed the final solution • Final solution- killing of all Jews• Concentration camps- where Jews were sent
to work or killed immediately • 6-10 million Jews died this was called the
holocaust • Auschwitz was the most notorious
concentration camp
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War in the Pacific
• Battle of Midway- this is the turning point of the war in the war
• The U.S. decided to do island hopping- conquer one group of islands then move to the next.
• MacArthur- returned to Philippines: said, “I shall return” and he did
• Iwo Jima and Okinawa cleared the way for invasion of japan
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Atomic Bomb
• Manhattan project led by Oppenheimer- invention of atomic bomb at los Alamos, New Mexico.
• Enola Gay dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima.
• Then on Nagasaki. • V-J Day (victory over Japan Day) Aug 14, 1945 – Japan unconditionally surrender s
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• War Production Board (WPA)- transforms economy from peacetime to wartime.
• Victory gardens• Rationing- could only buy so much of certain
materials.
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WWII
• Rosie the Riveter- describes a woman working in the factory where men used to.
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• SUSH 20 The student will analyze the domestic and international impact of the cold war on the united states.
• SSUSH 21: The students will explain comic growth and its impact on the United States 1945- 1970
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The Iron Curtain
• Iron Curtain – was an imaginary line between the democratic western part of Europe and the communist ran eastern part of Europe
• Containment policy- said to keep communism where it was and not let it spread to other countries
• Truman doctrine- U.S. would not hesitate to help nations to defend against communism.
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• Marshall plan- provided nations in war torn Europe with financial support from U.S.
• Germany was divided among U.S., Britain, France and Soviet Union.
• Berlin which was in the part controlled by the soviets was also split. West Berlin allies, east Berlin Soviet union.
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• Berlin airlift- when the u.s and British planes supplied west Berlin because the soviet union would not let allies use the roads.
• Cold War (1945-1991)- the tension between the U.S. and the soviet Union (no shots were fired)
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Korean War 1950-1953-Containment policy (domino Theory )
• Divided among the 38th parallel. • Northern – communist • Southern – democratic • Police action• At the end country still divided at the 38th
parallel.
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Red Scare 1940’s and 50’s
• Red scare- thought people were communist• HUAC- House Un-American Activities
Committee- root out communist in the federal government
• McCarthyism- Sen Joseph McCarthy- the ideas that there were communist in the state department
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• GI Bill- – Job priority, – Money for education– Training, loans– Purchase of new home and property
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• Baby boom- explosion of population after world war II 40’s and 50’s
• National highway act- called for a federal interstate highway system enacted by president Eisenhower
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Kennedy Nixon Debate • Television – showed Kennedy as cool and
collective, Nixon looked nervous and sweated.• Nixon lost the election to Kennedy 1960
because of TV.
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• Sputnik- the first artificial satellite to orbit earth launched by the soviets
• Started the space race• Neal Armstrong 1st man on the moon
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JFK
• John F. Kennedy ordered the over through of Fidel Castro by Cuban exiles- called the bay of pigs. Not successful
• Cuban missile crisis- 13 day standoff between Russia and united states. Russia put nuclear war heads on Cuba.
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Vietnam
• North- Ho Chi Minh communist• South – Ngo Kinh Diem democratic• Tet offensive- The north and the Viet Cong
launched a coordinated attack against the United States and south Vietnamese forces.– Showed communist could coordinate an attack– Led citizens in U.S. to question war (citizens knew
long drawn out war)
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Vietnam
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Ho Chi Minh Trail
• North Vietnam (Vietcong) used the Ho Chi Minh Trail to supply troops and send supplies to fight South Vietnam
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• SSUSh 22: the student will indentify dimensions of the civil rights movement.
• SSUSH 23: The student will describe and assess the impact of political development between 1945 and 1970.
• SSUSh 24: The student will analyze the impact of social change movement and organizations of the 1960’s.
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• Harry Truman- desegregates the military in 1948.
• Jackie Robinson Integrates baseball 1947• Brown Vs. board of education- integration of
the public school system. 1954 overturned Plessey v. Ferguson
• SCLC- leader Dr. King
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Warren Court• Warren court known for the years Earl Warren
was chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1953-1969)
• Activist court• S.C. used its power to bring about social
reforms• Brown vs Board, Mapp v Ohio, Gideon v
Wainwright, free speech, civil rights, and separation of church and state
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• King- non violence (civil disobedience)• King’s “Letters from a Birmingham Jail”- king
wrote to ministers why civil disobedience was the right way to go in civil rights struggle.
• March on Washington- King gave “I have a dream Speech”
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• Lyndon B, Johnson- got the civil rights act of 64 and voting rights act of 65 passes. Great Society had all this in: Medicaid, Medicare, and head start, and welfare
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Warren Court 1953-1969
• Brought about social changes through the court system under Chief Justice Earl Warren
• Brown vs Board of edu, Mapp v Ohio , Gideon V. Wainwright, Miranda vs Arizonia
• Miranda vs. Arizona- have to be informed of all your rights.
• Gideon vs. Wainwright- get a court appointed attorney for free
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Watergate
• People loyal to Nixon broke into Watergate complex to wiretap the phones
• Watergate complex was the head of the Democratic National Committee headquarters
• 5 men caught breaking into building• Nixon did not know about the break in before
hand but covered it up.
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Watergate cont.
• Nixon had a tape recording system installed in Whitehouse. Supreme court ordered him to turn over tapes. Tapes showed he knew about the cover-up
• Nixon Resigned , Gerald Ford took office (never was elected as president or vice president)
• Ford pardoned Nixon.
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• United Farm Workers- founded by Cesar Chavez- support rights for migrant farm workers for Hispanics.
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Environmental movement
• Rachel Carson –published Silent springs- using of certain pesticides was killing the environment. (DDT)
• Earth Day- start of the environmental movement- EPA started
• Regents of UC. Vs Bakke- limited affirmative action and quota systems.
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• Roe vs. wade- women's right to privacy- abortion
• Camp David accords- Jimmy Carter got a peace treaty signed between Israel and Egypt
• President Bill Clinton was impeached over lying under oath about Monica Lewinski.
• September 11, 2001 the war on terror started with the bombing of world trade center.
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• Sit in- non-violent protest started at North Carolina A & T.
• SNCC- young people non violent protest• Freedom Riders- organized by core to see if
buss stations were really desegregated. • SSNCC leaders like Stokley Carmichael – came
up with black power- racial pride and use violence if necessary to gain civil rights.