Warm Up
1) Sit down, be quiet and let’s finish 12 years a slave
Do Now
① In your notes create a bubble map on slavery in the American South
② It should have 20 bubbles and include information from the movie and prior knowledge
AMERICAN UNION IN PERIL
The U.S. Divides Over Slavery I. The United States had long been divided over
the economic and social issue of slavery
II. Free and slave states fought over which ideology would control the US
III. Compromises previously held the nation together but they did not provide long term solutions
A. American System, Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850
Tensions Rise I. Two factors further divided the north & south over
the issue of slavery in the 1800s: A. The Underground Railroad – a metaphorical RR that was
designed to move slaves from the south to freedom in the north
i. Southerners grew angry that the north was taking their property and losing them money on their investment
B. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin – a book written about the evils of slavery in the American south
i. Southerners believed that her attack on slavery was an attack on their culture and their way of life
Tension Over Kansas/Nebraska I. TheUSAorganizedtwonew
territoriesin1854:A. KansasB. Nebraska
II. Issueofexpandingslaverydividedthenationagain
III. StephenDouglas(IllinoisSenator)believedpopularsovereigntywastheproperwaytosettletheissuebetweenslave&free
IV. ProposedKansas-NebraskaActtosolvetheproblemonceandforall
Kansas- Nebraska Act I. Divide area into 2 territories
A. Nebraska B. Kansas
II. Repeal Missouri Compromise à no 36’30 Line A. If MO Compromise was not repealed these territories
would have to be free
III. Popular Sovereignty used in both territories to determine slave or free
IV. Bill passed in 1854
I. The Compromise of 1850 opened Utah & New Mexico to popular sovereignty
II. The Kansas-Nebraska Act opened 4 territories to popular sovereignty: A. Utah B. New Mexico C. Kansas D. Nebraska
Effects of Kansas-Nebraska Act
I. Proslavery&antislaveryindividualsracedtoKansas&Nebraskatoinfluencethevote
A. Americansaremovingtotheseterritoriestospreadslaveryorstopthespreadofslavery
II. EnoughpeoplereachedKansastomakeiteligible
tobeastateinMarch1955
III. Violencebetweenproslavery&antislaveryindividualsinKansasbecameknownasBLEEDINGKANSAS
Bleeding Kansas
I. AmericansrushedintoKansastoinfluencethestatetobecomeaslavestateorafreestate
II. ProslaverysettlersandantislaverysettlersviolentlyfoughtoneanotherovertheoutcomeofKansas
A. SackofLawrenceàproslaverygroupburnedtheantislaverytownofLawrence,Kansas
B. PottawatomieCreekMassacreàJohnBrownandagroupofantislaverymenkilledfiveproslaveryfarmersintheirhomes
Bleeding Kansas
I. Conflictsbetweenproslaveryindividualsandabolitionistsbeganthroughoutthestate
II. Over200individualswerekilledasaresultofBleedingKansas
III. Significance:thefirsttimethatproslaveryandantislaveryAmericansactuallyfoughtandkilledoneanotherforthecauses.
Kansas Bleeds
Violence Spreads
I. Proslavery & antislavery violence had already begun in Kansas
II. The violent conflict over slavery soon made its way into the U.S. Senate A. Senator Charles Sumner (MASS) gave a speech to
the Senate attacking the institution of slavery & the south for allowing it
B. He personally attacked Senator Andrew Butler (S.C.) over his proslavery beliefs
Caning of Sumner I. Congressman Preston Brooks (S.C.) believed that Charles
Sumner had insulted southern culture and deserved to pay
II. Brooks walked into the Senate and repeatedly beat Charles Sumner in the head with a wooden cane until it broke A. Sumner suffered severe brain damage and would not return
to the Senate for three years
III. The divide between north & south was continuing to grow violent
I. Although the South had tried to get Kansas to become a slave state à Kansas became free state after voting
II. This decision demonstrated more Americans supported freedom over slavery
III. The murder and mayhem of Bleeding Kansas were not actual Civil War battles, but they demonstrated that deadly conflict was quickly approaching.
IV. The north and south are dividing more and more over the issue of slavery
The Union Divides