unit 4: the union in crisis
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Section 1: THE NATION SPLITS APART. UNIT 4: THE UNION IN CRISIS. BLEEDING KANSAS. The victory over Mexico in 1848 raised questions about continued expansion… Would new territories allow slavery? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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UNIT 4: THE UNION IN CRISIS
Section 1: THE NATION SPLITS APART
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BLEEDING KANSAS
The victory over Mexico in 1848 raised questions about continued expansion…
Would new territories allow slavery?
COMPROMISE OF 1850 A compromise introduced by Kentuckian Henry Clay keeping the balance of power among the states
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COMPROMISE OF 1850
Admitted California as a free stateSet Texas-New Mexico borderOrganized New Mexico and Utah
territories, allowing slavery to be decided by people
Imposed heavy penalties on those aiding runaway slaves (FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT)
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KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
May 1854Organized Kansas and Nebraska
territoriesAllowed popular sovereignty to
decided slave issue
Note: before Kansas could be admitted as a state, there had to be a vote by the population to approve a Constitution either allowing or banning slavery
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SECTIONAL CONFLICT AND NATIONAL POLITICS
In Kansas, both pro-slavery and free-soilers wrestled for control – violence erupted(in Lawrence, Kansas a group attacked anti-slavery newspapers and burned buildings; on Pottawatomie Creek, John Brown led an attack killing five pro-slavery settlers)
“Bleeding Kansas”
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ELECTION OF 1856Events in Kansas dominated the
election – northern Democrats refused to support Stephen Douglas or President Franklin Pierce, and nominated James Buchanan
New Republican party nominated John C. Fremont
American Party nominated former President Millard Filmore
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Candidate Party Electoral Votes Popular
Votes James
Buchanan Democratic 174 1,838,169
John C. Fremont Republican 114 1,341,264
Millard Fillmore American 8 873,000
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DRED SCOTT DECISION
Pres. Buchanan had vowed not to interfere with slavery where it existed, but tensions increased
Dred Scott vs. Sanford: slave who had lived on free soil for many years; sued for freedom; 1857 Supreme Court ruled against him
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JOHN BROWN’S RAID
Radical abolitionist John Brown planned a raid on the U.S. Arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia to get guns for a slave revolt – Brown and his followers captured the arsenal, but a company of U.S. Marines captured Brown – Brown tried with murder and treason, and executed on December 2, 1859
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ABRAHAM LINCOLN
Born 1809 in one-room cabin in Kentucky
Moved to Indiana then Springfield, Illinois
1846 elected to Congress – served until 1849
1858 decided to run for U. S. Senate against Stephen Douglas
“LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATES”“house-divided speech”
1860 runs for President as a Republican
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ELECTION OF 1860
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THE SOUTH SECEDES
A week after Lincoln’s election, South Carolina legislature called a convention – on December 20, 1860, passed a resolution withdrawing South Carolina from the Union
By February 1, 1861, MISSISSIPPI, FLORIDA, ALABAMA, GEORGIA, LOUISIANA, TEXAS had all seceded.
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Reactions to Secession
Other states threatened to secede: Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas
Some northerners supported secession – others warned about letting secession occur
Outgoing Pres. Buchanan thought secession wrong, but that the Constitution gave the federal government no power to prevent it
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CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA (CSA)In February 1861 representatives of
the seven seceded states met in Montgomery, Alabama to form a new nation
They chose Jefferson Davis President, andAlexander Stephens as Vice-President
The Crittenden Compromise in Washington tried to resolve the crisis, but failed
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Jefferson Davisborn in Kentucky – Senator from Mississippi
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What led to the CIVIL WAR?(“War Between the States”)1. Economic & Social Differences
Between North and South2. States’ Rights vs. Federal Rights3. Fight Between Slave & Non-Slave
Proponents4. Growth of the Abolition Movement5. Election of Abraham Lincoln6. Secession of Southern States
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