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Unit 1Unit 1
Foundations of American Foundations of American GovernmentGovernment
Bell WorkBell Work
1.1. Get bookGet book
2.2. Get worksheets from backGet worksheets from back
ChaptersChapters Chapter 1: Principles of GovernmentChapter 1: Principles of Government
Government and the State (2days)Government and the State (2days) Forms of Government (2days)Forms of Government (2days) Basic Concepts of Democracy (1day)Basic Concepts of Democracy (1day)
Chapter 3: The ConstitutionChapter 3: The Constitution Six basic principles (2day)Six basic principles (2day) Formal Amendment (1day)Formal Amendment (1day) Constitutional Change by other means (1day)Constitutional Change by other means (1day)
Chapter 4: FederalismChapter 4: Federalism Federalism: The Division of Power (1day)Federalism: The Division of Power (1day) The National Government and the 50 States The National Government and the 50 States
(1day)(1day) Interstate Relations (1day)Interstate Relations (1day)
What is GovernmentWhat is Government The institution through which a society The institution through which a society
makes and enforces its public policies. Made makes and enforces its public policies. Made up of those people who exercise its powersup of those people who exercise its powers
Every government has and uses 3 basic Every government has and uses 3 basic types of power:types of power: LegislativeLegislative
Power to make laws, and frame public policiesPower to make laws, and frame public policies ExecutiveExecutive
Power to execute, enforce and administer lawPower to execute, enforce and administer law JudicialJudicial
Power to interpret laws, determine their meaning, and Power to interpret laws, determine their meaning, and settle societies disputessettle societies disputes
Powers often outlined in a country’s what?Powers often outlined in a country’s what? ConstitutionConstitution
The Four Characteristics of a The Four Characteristics of a StateState
Over history has become Over history has become the dominant political unit.the dominant political unit.
Defined as a body of Defined as a body of people, living in a defined people, living in a defined territory, organized territory, organized politically, and with the politically, and with the authority to make/enforce authority to make/enforce own laws.own laws.
Very greatly in size, Very greatly in size, military power, resources, military power, resources, and economic importanceand economic importance
Each state Each state possesses 4 possesses 4 CharacteristicsCharacteristics PopulationPopulation TerritoryTerritory GovernmentGovernment SovereigntySovereignty
Four CharacteristicsFour Characteristics
PopulationPopulation Every state must have people that live theirEvery state must have people that live their Existence has nothing to do with numbersExistence has nothing to do with numbers What is the most populous state in the world?What is the most populous state in the world?
People’s Republic of ChinaPeople’s Republic of China
TerritoryTerritory Every state must also have land for their peopleEvery state must also have land for their people Land must have clearly recognized boundariesLand must have clearly recognized boundaries What is the world’s largest state?What is the world’s largest state?
RussiaRussia
Four CharacteristicsFour Characteristics
SovereigntySovereignty Every state has the power to decide its own Every state has the power to decide its own
foreign and domestic policies, and has foreign and domestic policies, and has supreme power w/in its own territorysupreme power w/in its own territory
Is Nebraska a sovereign state?Is Nebraska a sovereign state? No, it is subordinate to the U.S. constitutionNo, it is subordinate to the U.S. constitution
GovernmentGovernment Every state is politically organizedEvery state is politically organized Government is designed to accomplish the Government is designed to accomplish the
goals of the people, and to guard against goals of the people, and to guard against chaos.chaos.
4 Characteristics of the State4 Characteristics of the State
Population A state must have people, the number of which does not directly relate to its existence.
Territory A state must be comprised of land—territory with known and recognized boundaries.
Sovereignty Every state is sovereign. It has supreme and absolute power within its own territory and decides its own foreign and domestic policies.
Government Every state has a government that is, it is politically organized.
Lesson ClosingLesson Closing
L-J Quiz #1 Answer Questions #1-4 on pg. 10 in Answer Questions #1-4 on pg. 10 in
complete sentences at the bottom of complete sentences at the bottom of your notes or on a separate piece of your notes or on a separate piece of paper for tomorrowpaper for tomorrow
Bell WorkBell Work
1.1. Get bookGet book
2.2. Finish/Check 1-4 on pg. 10Finish/Check 1-4 on pg. 10
Four Theories that attempt to Four Theories that attempt to explain the origin of the Stateexplain the origin of the State
Force TheoryForce Theory State emerged out of one person or group of State emerged out of one person or group of
people gained control of land and forced the people gained control of land and forced the people within it to be under the groups rule.people within it to be under the groups rule.
The four elements of the state were all present The four elements of the state were all present when this rule was establishedwhen this rule was established
Evolutionary TheoryEvolutionary Theory Evolution from single head family (man) to Evolution from single head family (man) to
network of families (clan) to large clan (tribe).network of families (clan) to large clan (tribe). Tribe began agriculture, tying self to land and Tribe began agriculture, tying self to land and
starting the statestarting the state
Four Theories that attempt to Four Theories that attempt to explain the origin of the Stateexplain the origin of the State
Divine Right TheoryDivine Right Theory Accepted in much of Western World for much Accepted in much of Western World for much
of 15-18of 15-18thth Centuries Centuries God created the State and that God had given God created the State and that God had given
those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule.those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule. People bound to obey that rulerPeople bound to obey that ruler
Social Contract TheorySocial Contract Theory Related a lot to much of American PoliticsRelated a lot to much of American Politics Argues that the state arose out of a voluntary Argues that the state arose out of a voluntary
act of free peopleact of free people People agreed to end their suffering by People agreed to end their suffering by
sacrificing single good for the well-being of the sacrificing single good for the well-being of the wholewhole
Purpose of GovernmentPurpose of Government
Spelled out in the Preamble of the U.S. Spelled out in the Preamble of the U.S. constitutionconstitution
Form a more perfect unionForm a more perfect union Constitution adopted in 1787 to help link the Constitution adopted in 1787 to help link the
states at the time. Belief that in union there is states at the time. Belief that in union there is strengthstrength
Establish JusticeEstablish Justice Idea that law, both its content and enforcement, Idea that law, both its content and enforcement,
must be reasonable, fair, and impartial.must be reasonable, fair, and impartial. Insure domestic TranquilityInsure domestic Tranquility
To keep order and peace at home.To keep order and peace at home.
Purpose of GovernmentPurpose of Government
Provide for the Common DefenseProvide for the Common Defense To defend the nation against foreign enemies is one of To defend the nation against foreign enemies is one of
most important causesmost important causes Defense is mentioned more than anything else in the Defense is mentioned more than anything else in the
constitutionconstitution Promote the General WelfarePromote the General Welfare
This is basic government tasks like water/air control, This is basic government tasks like water/air control, food, health, roads, education. The list goes on and onfood, health, roads, education. The list goes on and on
Secure the Blessings of LibertySecure the Blessings of Liberty Federal and State constitutions set out guarantees of Federal and State constitutions set out guarantees of
rights/liberties for individuals, and they encourage the rights/liberties for individuals, and they encourage the willingness to stand up for those rights. willingness to stand up for those rights.
ReviewReview A government is….?A government is….?
The Institution through which a society makes The Institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policiesand enforces its public policies
A state has what four characteristics?A state has what four characteristics? Population, territory, sovereignty, governmentPopulation, territory, sovereignty, government
The purposes of government are spelled The purposes of government are spelled out in what part of the U.S. constitution?out in what part of the U.S. constitution? PreamblePreamble
What are the four theories for the origin of What are the four theories for the origin of the state?the state? Force, Evolutionary, Divine Right, Social Force, Evolutionary, Divine Right, Social
ContractContract
Lesson ClosingLesson Closing
Political Cartoon; Answer ?sPolitical Cartoon; Answer ?s Complete Guided Reading/Review Complete Guided Reading/Review
(S1) for Monday(S1) for Monday Put terms at bottom on your notes Put terms at bottom on your notes
packetpacket
Chapter 1.2Chapter 1.2
Bell WorkBell Work Get bookGet book Read pg.11 (Close-up) and answer Read pg.11 (Close-up) and answer
questionsquestions Have Political Cartoon completed and Have Political Cartoon completed and
out on desk for checkout on desk for check ScheduleSchedule
Classifying GovernmentsClassifying Governments ParticipantsParticipants
VideoVideo
Analyzing Primary SourcesAnalyzing Primary Sources What freedoms did people have before?What freedoms did people have before?
Freedom to choose their own actions and control Freedom to choose their own actions and control themselves/possessions w/out consent of othersthemselves/possessions w/out consent of others
What are the potential dangers of a person living What are the potential dangers of a person living “Perfect Freedom?”“Perfect Freedom?” One free person’s life, liberty, or estate will be One free person’s life, liberty, or estate will be
threatened by another free persons actionsthreatened by another free persons actions How are gov’ts formed?How are gov’ts formed?
By people voluntarily coming together and agreeing to By people voluntarily coming together and agreeing to live in a group according to the will of the majoritylive in a group according to the will of the majority
What theory?What theory? Social ContractSocial Contract
What are the trade-offs?What are the trade-offs? People trade “perfect freedom” for increased security.People trade “perfect freedom” for increased security.
Classifying GovernmentsClassifying Governments
*No two governments can ever be *No two governments can ever be exactly alike* Why?exactly alike* Why? Every government is a product of that Every government is a product of that
societies human needs/experiencessocieties human needs/experiences Classified: 3 Sets of CharacteristicsClassified: 3 Sets of Characteristics
Who can participate in the gov’t processWho can participate in the gov’t process Geog. Distribution of power w/in the Geog. Distribution of power w/in the
statestate Relationship b.t the legislative and Relationship b.t the legislative and
executive branches of the governmentexecutive branches of the government
Who/How many Can Participate?Who/How many Can Participate?
Two Basic SystemsTwo Basic Systems
DemocracyDemocracy
vs. vs.
DictatorshipDictatorship
(an epic battle)(an epic battle)
Who Can Participate?Who Can Participate? DemocracyDemocracy
Political Authority in the peoplePolitical Authority in the people ““Government of the people, by the people, for the Government of the people, by the people, for the
people”people” Two Types: Direct and In-directTwo Types: Direct and In-direct
Direct DemocracyDirect Democracy Public Policy (laws) directly decided upon by the peoplePublic Policy (laws) directly decided upon by the people Can only exist in small communities w/ simple problems and Can only exist in small communities w/ simple problems and
ability for all to meet in one central locationability for all to meet in one central location In-direct Democracy (Representative)In-direct Democracy (Representative)
Small group of people, chosen by the people act as Small group of people, chosen by the people act as representatives to express the popular wants of the peoplerepresentatives to express the popular wants of the people
Held accountable to the people on a consistent basis…How?Held accountable to the people on a consistent basis…How? ElectionsElections
Who can participate?Who can participate?
DictatorshipDictatorship Leaders hold absolute/unchallengeable Leaders hold absolute/unchallengeable
authority over the peopleauthority over the people Not held responsible to the will of the peopleNot held responsible to the will of the people
““Its my party and I’ll cry if I want to”Its my party and I’ll cry if I want to” Typically militaristic in characterTypically militaristic in character
Gain power by force, control majority of pol. positionsGain power by force, control majority of pol. positions Classified in Two waysClassified in Two ways
Oligarchy: power to rule held by small, self-appointed Oligarchy: power to rule held by small, self-appointed eliteelite
Autocracy: Single person holds unlimited political Autocracy: Single person holds unlimited political powerpower
Who’s Who?Who’s Who?
1. Which Three are autocratic dictators?
1. Mussolini
2. Hitler
3. Castro
2. Which is an example of an oligarchy
1. Sparta: often ruled by noble elite that controlled most of power
Lesson Closing: VideoLesson Closing: Video
Watch the video over Introduction to Watch the video over Introduction to GovernmentGovernment
Write 3 New/interesting facts that Write 3 New/interesting facts that you learned from the videoyou learned from the video Use Complete sentences and turn into Use Complete sentences and turn into
back at end of periodback at end of period
MondayMonday
Bell WorkBell Work Grab BookGrab Book Grab Section 2 Guided Reading/Review Grab Section 2 Guided Reading/Review Get Scratch paper ready for L-J #2Get Scratch paper ready for L-J #2 L-J #2
Distribution of powerDistribution of power Unitary GovernmentUnitary Government
““Centralized Government” usually nationalCentralized Government” usually national All power held by the government belong to a All power held by the government belong to a
single, central agency.single, central agency. Creates local units only for convenienceCreates local units only for convenience
““So it doesn’t have to bother with little things”So it doesn’t have to bother with little things” Example: Do not get confused, the U.S. is Example: Do not get confused, the U.S. is
not a Unitary Governmentnot a Unitary Government Individual States in the U.S.Individual States in the U.S.
The state government makes county/city The state government makes county/city governments only for convenience of state.governments only for convenience of state.
Could revoke those powers if needed, and can Could revoke those powers if needed, and can overrideoverride
Distribution of PowerDistribution of Power
Federal GovernmentFederal Government Power of Government is divided b.t. a central Power of Government is divided b.t. a central
government and several local governmentsgovernment and several local governments Superior authority to both types Superior authority to both types
geographically makes the division of powers.geographically makes the division of powers. The U.S. is a Federal GovernmentThe U.S. is a Federal Government National Government has certain powers, as National Government has certain powers, as
do the 50 state governmentsdo the 50 state governments What is this “supreme authority” in the U.S.”What is this “supreme authority” in the U.S.”
The Constitution The Constitution
Distribution of PowerDistribution of Power
Confederate GovernmentConfederate Government Alliance of independent statesAlliance of independent states Central government has only duties that Central government has only duties that
are assigned to it by its membersare assigned to it by its members Typically foreign defense and tradeTypically foreign defense and trade
Basically a bunch of different identities Basically a bunch of different identities w/one central authority to help them stay w/one central authority to help them stay together but also keep own identitiestogether but also keep own identities
Coaching an “All-Star” Game analogyCoaching an “All-Star” Game analogy
Relationship Status?Relationship Status?Married….. But how?Married….. But how?
PresidentialPresidential Civil Rights? “Separate Civil Rights? “Separate
but equal”but equal” Executive and legislative Executive and legislative
branchesbranches Separate from one anotherSeparate from one another Independent from one Independent from one
anotheranother Co-Equals (Both Co-Equals (Both
grandmasters in WoW)grandmasters in WoW) Both branches elected Both branches elected
independently of each independently of each other, and can often block other, and can often block each others actionseach others actions
Relationship Status?Relationship Status?Married….. But how?Married….. But how?
Parliamentary: most common form Parliamentary: most common form world-wideworld-wide Executive is prime minister/premier and Executive is prime minister/premier and
their cabinettheir cabinet Executive branch is chosen by the Executive branch is chosen by the
legislature, is a part of the legislature, and is legislature, is a part of the legislature, and is subject to its direct control.subject to its direct control.
Legislative Branch= parliamentLegislative Branch= parliament Elected by people, and controls executive Elected by people, and controls executive
decisions and successdecisions and success
Monday: Lesson ClosingMonday: Lesson Closing
Complete Section 2 Guided Reading/ReviewComplete Section 2 Guided Reading/Review All Worksheets that are handed out are meant All Worksheets that are handed out are meant
to be completed, and will be due the day of the to be completed, and will be due the day of the Chapter quiz or test! (Purpose of folders in Chapter quiz or test! (Purpose of folders in back)back)
Either Complete Section assessment 1-4Either Complete Section assessment 1-4 OrOr
Create a Concept map for two of the main Create a Concept map for two of the main ideas of this section.ideas of this section. Who can participateWho can participate DistributionDistribution RelationshipRelationship
TuesdayTuesday
Bell Work:Bell Work: Get bookGet book Grab sheets from backGrab sheets from back Have section assessment out and ready Have section assessment out and ready
for checkingfor checking Read Face the Issues (pg.17)Read Face the Issues (pg.17) Complete Quiz over Section 2Complete Quiz over Section 2
Go over answersGo over answers
Foundations of GovernmentFoundations of Government
Foundation of U.S democracy is Foundation of U.S democracy is based on the American publics based on the American publics continued belief in five basic notionscontinued belief in five basic notions Individual WorthIndividual Worth Equality for allEquality for all Majority rule, minority rightsMajority rule, minority rights Necessity of compromiseNecessity of compromise Individual FreedomIndividual Freedom
Foundations of GovernmentFoundations of Government Worth & dignity for every personWorth & dignity for every person
Each person, no matter standing in life is a separate and Each person, no matter standing in life is a separate and distinct persondistinct person
Equality of all personsEquality of all persons ““All men are created equal”All men are created equal”
Idea that people are entitled to the equality of opportunity Idea that people are entitled to the equality of opportunity and equality before the lawand equality before the law
Majority Rule, Minority RightsMajority Rule, Minority Rights ““will” of the people will determine public policywill” of the people will determine public policy Idea that majority of the people will be right more often Idea that majority of the people will be right more often
than wrongthan wrong Majority must be checked/restrained by minority rightsMajority must be checked/restrained by minority rights
Majority must recognize the right of the minority to become Majority must recognize the right of the minority to become the majority.the majority.
Foundations of GovernmentFoundations of Government
Necessity of CompromiseNecessity of Compromise Decision making must be “give/take” Decision making must be “give/take”
processprocess Democracy sees each individual as equal, Democracy sees each individual as equal,
so their ideas are deemed equal.so their ideas are deemed equal. Coming to decisions Coming to decisions mustmust require compromise require compromise
Individual FreedomIndividual Freedom Ability of each person to do as they please Ability of each person to do as they please
as far as the “freedom of all” will allow.as far as the “freedom of all” will allow. Complete freedom would result in AnarchyComplete freedom would result in Anarchy
Democracy and the Free EnterpriseDemocracy and the Free Enterprise
U.S. commitment to freedom evident in their U.S. commitment to freedom evident in their economic systemeconomic system
Both firmly bases on concept of individual Both firmly bases on concept of individual freedomsfreedoms
Free Enterprise (4 key factors)Free Enterprise (4 key factors) Based on private ownership and private decisions in the Based on private ownership and private decisions in the
business worldbusiness world 4 Factors: private ownership, indiv. Initiative, profit, and 4 Factors: private ownership, indiv. Initiative, profit, and
competitioncompetition How the system worksHow the system works
Works according to the Works according to the Law of Supply/DemandLaw of Supply/Demand Supply up= prices down Supply down=prices upSupply up= prices down Supply down=prices up
Mixed Economy= Free/private enterprise Mixed Economy= Free/private enterprise w/government regulations/promotionw/government regulations/promotion Government plays a major role in U.S. economyGovernment plays a major role in U.S. economy
Laws, standards, ordinances, and codes must be met by Laws, standards, ordinances, and codes must be met by various private businessesvarious private businesses
Democracy and the InternetDemocracy and the Internet
Can be a great tool to help maintain Can be a great tool to help maintain democracy b/c it informs the people democracy b/c it informs the people on all sorts of political and social on all sorts of political and social subjectssubjects
Loads of access to information that Loads of access to information that may either be false or hard to verifymay either be false or hard to verify Makes it easy to falsify information and Makes it easy to falsify information and
post false claims about political/social post false claims about political/social subjectssubjects
Lesson ClosingLesson Closing
Read Close-up on supreme court Read Close-up on supreme court (pg.23)(pg.23) Answer Questions on back of notes Answer Questions on back of notes
guide to turn in for tomorrowguide to turn in for tomorrow Fill in Guided reading and reviewFill in Guided reading and review