Unit 1Unit 1

Foundations of American Foundations of American GovernmentGovernment

Bell WorkBell Work

1.1. Get bookGet book

2.2. Get worksheets from backGet worksheets from back

ChaptersChapters Chapter 1: Principles of GovernmentChapter 1: Principles of Government

Government and the State (2days)Government and the State (2days) Forms of Government (2days)Forms of Government (2days) Basic Concepts of Democracy (1day)Basic Concepts of Democracy (1day)

Chapter 3: The ConstitutionChapter 3: The Constitution Six basic principles (2day)Six basic principles (2day) Formal Amendment (1day)Formal Amendment (1day) Constitutional Change by other means (1day)Constitutional Change by other means (1day)

Chapter 4: FederalismChapter 4: Federalism Federalism: The Division of Power (1day)Federalism: The Division of Power (1day) The National Government and the 50 States The National Government and the 50 States

(1day)(1day) Interstate Relations (1day)Interstate Relations (1day)

What is GovernmentWhat is Government The institution through which a society The institution through which a society

makes and enforces its public policies. Made makes and enforces its public policies. Made up of those people who exercise its powersup of those people who exercise its powers

Every government has and uses 3 basic Every government has and uses 3 basic types of power:types of power: LegislativeLegislative

Power to make laws, and frame public policiesPower to make laws, and frame public policies ExecutiveExecutive

Power to execute, enforce and administer lawPower to execute, enforce and administer law JudicialJudicial

Power to interpret laws, determine their meaning, and Power to interpret laws, determine their meaning, and settle societies disputessettle societies disputes

Powers often outlined in a country’s what?Powers often outlined in a country’s what? ConstitutionConstitution

The Four Characteristics of a The Four Characteristics of a StateState

Over history has become Over history has become the dominant political unit.the dominant political unit.

Defined as a body of Defined as a body of people, living in a defined people, living in a defined territory, organized territory, organized politically, and with the politically, and with the authority to make/enforce authority to make/enforce own laws.own laws.

Very greatly in size, Very greatly in size, military power, resources, military power, resources, and economic importanceand economic importance

Each state Each state possesses 4 possesses 4 CharacteristicsCharacteristics PopulationPopulation TerritoryTerritory GovernmentGovernment SovereigntySovereignty

Four CharacteristicsFour Characteristics

PopulationPopulation Every state must have people that live theirEvery state must have people that live their Existence has nothing to do with numbersExistence has nothing to do with numbers What is the most populous state in the world?What is the most populous state in the world?

People’s Republic of ChinaPeople’s Republic of China

TerritoryTerritory Every state must also have land for their peopleEvery state must also have land for their people Land must have clearly recognized boundariesLand must have clearly recognized boundaries What is the world’s largest state?What is the world’s largest state?

RussiaRussia

Four CharacteristicsFour Characteristics

SovereigntySovereignty Every state has the power to decide its own Every state has the power to decide its own

foreign and domestic policies, and has foreign and domestic policies, and has supreme power w/in its own territorysupreme power w/in its own territory

Is Nebraska a sovereign state?Is Nebraska a sovereign state? No, it is subordinate to the U.S. constitutionNo, it is subordinate to the U.S. constitution

GovernmentGovernment Every state is politically organizedEvery state is politically organized Government is designed to accomplish the Government is designed to accomplish the

goals of the people, and to guard against goals of the people, and to guard against chaos.chaos.

4 Characteristics of the State4 Characteristics of the State

Population A state must have people, the number of which does not directly relate to its existence.

Territory A state must be comprised of land—territory with known and recognized boundaries.

Sovereignty Every state is sovereign. It has supreme and absolute power within its own territory and decides its own foreign and domestic policies.

Government Every state has a government that is, it is politically organized.

Lesson ClosingLesson Closing

L-J Quiz #1 Answer Questions #1-4 on pg. 10 in Answer Questions #1-4 on pg. 10 in

complete sentences at the bottom of complete sentences at the bottom of your notes or on a separate piece of your notes or on a separate piece of paper for tomorrowpaper for tomorrow

Bell WorkBell Work

1.1. Get bookGet book

2.2. Finish/Check 1-4 on pg. 10Finish/Check 1-4 on pg. 10

Four Theories that attempt to Four Theories that attempt to explain the origin of the Stateexplain the origin of the State

Force TheoryForce Theory State emerged out of one person or group of State emerged out of one person or group of

people gained control of land and forced the people gained control of land and forced the people within it to be under the groups rule.people within it to be under the groups rule.

The four elements of the state were all present The four elements of the state were all present when this rule was establishedwhen this rule was established

Evolutionary TheoryEvolutionary Theory Evolution from single head family (man) to Evolution from single head family (man) to

network of families (clan) to large clan (tribe).network of families (clan) to large clan (tribe). Tribe began agriculture, tying self to land and Tribe began agriculture, tying self to land and

starting the statestarting the state

Four Theories that attempt to Four Theories that attempt to explain the origin of the Stateexplain the origin of the State

Divine Right TheoryDivine Right Theory Accepted in much of Western World for much Accepted in much of Western World for much

of 15-18of 15-18thth Centuries Centuries God created the State and that God had given God created the State and that God had given

those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule.those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule. People bound to obey that rulerPeople bound to obey that ruler

Social Contract TheorySocial Contract Theory Related a lot to much of American PoliticsRelated a lot to much of American Politics Argues that the state arose out of a voluntary Argues that the state arose out of a voluntary

act of free peopleact of free people People agreed to end their suffering by People agreed to end their suffering by

sacrificing single good for the well-being of the sacrificing single good for the well-being of the wholewhole

Purpose of GovernmentPurpose of Government

Spelled out in the Preamble of the U.S. Spelled out in the Preamble of the U.S. constitutionconstitution

Form a more perfect unionForm a more perfect union Constitution adopted in 1787 to help link the Constitution adopted in 1787 to help link the

states at the time. Belief that in union there is states at the time. Belief that in union there is strengthstrength

Establish JusticeEstablish Justice Idea that law, both its content and enforcement, Idea that law, both its content and enforcement,

must be reasonable, fair, and impartial.must be reasonable, fair, and impartial. Insure domestic TranquilityInsure domestic Tranquility

To keep order and peace at home.To keep order and peace at home.

Purpose of GovernmentPurpose of Government

Provide for the Common DefenseProvide for the Common Defense To defend the nation against foreign enemies is one of To defend the nation against foreign enemies is one of

most important causesmost important causes Defense is mentioned more than anything else in the Defense is mentioned more than anything else in the

constitutionconstitution Promote the General WelfarePromote the General Welfare

This is basic government tasks like water/air control, This is basic government tasks like water/air control, food, health, roads, education. The list goes on and onfood, health, roads, education. The list goes on and on

Secure the Blessings of LibertySecure the Blessings of Liberty Federal and State constitutions set out guarantees of Federal and State constitutions set out guarantees of

rights/liberties for individuals, and they encourage the rights/liberties for individuals, and they encourage the willingness to stand up for those rights. willingness to stand up for those rights.

ReviewReview A government is….?A government is….?

The Institution through which a society makes The Institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policiesand enforces its public policies

A state has what four characteristics?A state has what four characteristics? Population, territory, sovereignty, governmentPopulation, territory, sovereignty, government

The purposes of government are spelled The purposes of government are spelled out in what part of the U.S. constitution?out in what part of the U.S. constitution? PreamblePreamble

What are the four theories for the origin of What are the four theories for the origin of the state?the state? Force, Evolutionary, Divine Right, Social Force, Evolutionary, Divine Right, Social

ContractContract

Lesson ClosingLesson Closing

Political Cartoon; Answer ?sPolitical Cartoon; Answer ?s Complete Guided Reading/Review Complete Guided Reading/Review

(S1) for Monday(S1) for Monday Put terms at bottom on your notes Put terms at bottom on your notes

packetpacket

Chapter 1.2Chapter 1.2

Bell WorkBell Work Get bookGet book Read pg.11 (Close-up) and answer Read pg.11 (Close-up) and answer

questionsquestions Have Political Cartoon completed and Have Political Cartoon completed and

out on desk for checkout on desk for check ScheduleSchedule

Classifying GovernmentsClassifying Governments ParticipantsParticipants

VideoVideo

Analyzing Primary SourcesAnalyzing Primary Sources What freedoms did people have before?What freedoms did people have before?

Freedom to choose their own actions and control Freedom to choose their own actions and control themselves/possessions w/out consent of othersthemselves/possessions w/out consent of others

What are the potential dangers of a person living What are the potential dangers of a person living “Perfect Freedom?”“Perfect Freedom?” One free person’s life, liberty, or estate will be One free person’s life, liberty, or estate will be

threatened by another free persons actionsthreatened by another free persons actions How are gov’ts formed?How are gov’ts formed?

By people voluntarily coming together and agreeing to By people voluntarily coming together and agreeing to live in a group according to the will of the majoritylive in a group according to the will of the majority

What theory?What theory? Social ContractSocial Contract

What are the trade-offs?What are the trade-offs? People trade “perfect freedom” for increased security.People trade “perfect freedom” for increased security.

Classifying GovernmentsClassifying Governments

*No two governments can ever be *No two governments can ever be exactly alike* Why?exactly alike* Why? Every government is a product of that Every government is a product of that

societies human needs/experiencessocieties human needs/experiences Classified: 3 Sets of CharacteristicsClassified: 3 Sets of Characteristics

Who can participate in the gov’t processWho can participate in the gov’t process Geog. Distribution of power w/in the Geog. Distribution of power w/in the

statestate Relationship b.t the legislative and Relationship b.t the legislative and

executive branches of the governmentexecutive branches of the government

Who/How many Can Participate?Who/How many Can Participate?

Two Basic SystemsTwo Basic Systems

DemocracyDemocracy

vs. vs.

DictatorshipDictatorship

(an epic battle)(an epic battle)

Who Can Participate?Who Can Participate? DemocracyDemocracy

Political Authority in the peoplePolitical Authority in the people ““Government of the people, by the people, for the Government of the people, by the people, for the

people”people” Two Types: Direct and In-directTwo Types: Direct and In-direct

Direct DemocracyDirect Democracy Public Policy (laws) directly decided upon by the peoplePublic Policy (laws) directly decided upon by the people Can only exist in small communities w/ simple problems and Can only exist in small communities w/ simple problems and

ability for all to meet in one central locationability for all to meet in one central location In-direct Democracy (Representative)In-direct Democracy (Representative)

Small group of people, chosen by the people act as Small group of people, chosen by the people act as representatives to express the popular wants of the peoplerepresentatives to express the popular wants of the people

Held accountable to the people on a consistent basis…How?Held accountable to the people on a consistent basis…How? ElectionsElections

Who can participate?Who can participate?

DictatorshipDictatorship Leaders hold absolute/unchallengeable Leaders hold absolute/unchallengeable

authority over the peopleauthority over the people Not held responsible to the will of the peopleNot held responsible to the will of the people

““Its my party and I’ll cry if I want to”Its my party and I’ll cry if I want to” Typically militaristic in characterTypically militaristic in character

Gain power by force, control majority of pol. positionsGain power by force, control majority of pol. positions Classified in Two waysClassified in Two ways

Oligarchy: power to rule held by small, self-appointed Oligarchy: power to rule held by small, self-appointed eliteelite

Autocracy: Single person holds unlimited political Autocracy: Single person holds unlimited political powerpower

Who’s Who?Who’s Who?

1. Which Three are autocratic dictators?

1. Mussolini

2. Hitler

3. Castro

2. Which is an example of an oligarchy

1. Sparta: often ruled by noble elite that controlled most of power

Lesson Closing: VideoLesson Closing: Video

Watch the video over Introduction to Watch the video over Introduction to GovernmentGovernment

Write 3 New/interesting facts that Write 3 New/interesting facts that you learned from the videoyou learned from the video Use Complete sentences and turn into Use Complete sentences and turn into

back at end of periodback at end of period

MondayMonday

Bell WorkBell Work Grab BookGrab Book Grab Section 2 Guided Reading/Review Grab Section 2 Guided Reading/Review Get Scratch paper ready for L-J #2Get Scratch paper ready for L-J #2 L-J #2

Distribution of powerDistribution of power Unitary GovernmentUnitary Government

““Centralized Government” usually nationalCentralized Government” usually national All power held by the government belong to a All power held by the government belong to a

single, central agency.single, central agency. Creates local units only for convenienceCreates local units only for convenience

““So it doesn’t have to bother with little things”So it doesn’t have to bother with little things” Example: Do not get confused, the U.S. is Example: Do not get confused, the U.S. is

not a Unitary Governmentnot a Unitary Government Individual States in the U.S.Individual States in the U.S.

The state government makes county/city The state government makes county/city governments only for convenience of state.governments only for convenience of state.

Could revoke those powers if needed, and can Could revoke those powers if needed, and can overrideoverride

Distribution of PowerDistribution of Power

Federal GovernmentFederal Government Power of Government is divided b.t. a central Power of Government is divided b.t. a central

government and several local governmentsgovernment and several local governments Superior authority to both types Superior authority to both types

geographically makes the division of powers.geographically makes the division of powers. The U.S. is a Federal GovernmentThe U.S. is a Federal Government National Government has certain powers, as National Government has certain powers, as

do the 50 state governmentsdo the 50 state governments What is this “supreme authority” in the U.S.”What is this “supreme authority” in the U.S.”

The Constitution The Constitution

Distribution of PowerDistribution of Power

Confederate GovernmentConfederate Government Alliance of independent statesAlliance of independent states Central government has only duties that Central government has only duties that

are assigned to it by its membersare assigned to it by its members Typically foreign defense and tradeTypically foreign defense and trade

Basically a bunch of different identities Basically a bunch of different identities w/one central authority to help them stay w/one central authority to help them stay together but also keep own identitiestogether but also keep own identities

Coaching an “All-Star” Game analogyCoaching an “All-Star” Game analogy

Relationship Status?Relationship Status?Married….. But how?Married….. But how?

PresidentialPresidential Civil Rights? “Separate Civil Rights? “Separate

but equal”but equal” Executive and legislative Executive and legislative

branchesbranches Separate from one anotherSeparate from one another Independent from one Independent from one

anotheranother Co-Equals (Both Co-Equals (Both

grandmasters in WoW)grandmasters in WoW) Both branches elected Both branches elected

independently of each independently of each other, and can often block other, and can often block each others actionseach others actions

Relationship Status?Relationship Status?Married….. But how?Married….. But how?

Parliamentary: most common form Parliamentary: most common form world-wideworld-wide Executive is prime minister/premier and Executive is prime minister/premier and

their cabinettheir cabinet Executive branch is chosen by the Executive branch is chosen by the

legislature, is a part of the legislature, and is legislature, is a part of the legislature, and is subject to its direct control.subject to its direct control.

Legislative Branch= parliamentLegislative Branch= parliament Elected by people, and controls executive Elected by people, and controls executive

decisions and successdecisions and success

Monday: Lesson ClosingMonday: Lesson Closing

Complete Section 2 Guided Reading/ReviewComplete Section 2 Guided Reading/Review All Worksheets that are handed out are meant All Worksheets that are handed out are meant

to be completed, and will be due the day of the to be completed, and will be due the day of the Chapter quiz or test! (Purpose of folders in Chapter quiz or test! (Purpose of folders in back)back)

Either Complete Section assessment 1-4Either Complete Section assessment 1-4 OrOr

Create a Concept map for two of the main Create a Concept map for two of the main ideas of this section.ideas of this section. Who can participateWho can participate DistributionDistribution RelationshipRelationship

TuesdayTuesday

Bell Work:Bell Work: Get bookGet book Grab sheets from backGrab sheets from back Have section assessment out and ready Have section assessment out and ready

for checkingfor checking Read Face the Issues (pg.17)Read Face the Issues (pg.17) Complete Quiz over Section 2Complete Quiz over Section 2

Go over answersGo over answers

Foundations of GovernmentFoundations of Government

Foundation of U.S democracy is Foundation of U.S democracy is based on the American publics based on the American publics continued belief in five basic notionscontinued belief in five basic notions Individual WorthIndividual Worth Equality for allEquality for all Majority rule, minority rightsMajority rule, minority rights Necessity of compromiseNecessity of compromise Individual FreedomIndividual Freedom

Foundations of GovernmentFoundations of Government Worth & dignity for every personWorth & dignity for every person

Each person, no matter standing in life is a separate and Each person, no matter standing in life is a separate and distinct persondistinct person

Equality of all personsEquality of all persons ““All men are created equal”All men are created equal”

Idea that people are entitled to the equality of opportunity Idea that people are entitled to the equality of opportunity and equality before the lawand equality before the law

Majority Rule, Minority RightsMajority Rule, Minority Rights ““will” of the people will determine public policywill” of the people will determine public policy Idea that majority of the people will be right more often Idea that majority of the people will be right more often

than wrongthan wrong Majority must be checked/restrained by minority rightsMajority must be checked/restrained by minority rights

Majority must recognize the right of the minority to become Majority must recognize the right of the minority to become the majority.the majority.

Foundations of GovernmentFoundations of Government

Necessity of CompromiseNecessity of Compromise Decision making must be “give/take” Decision making must be “give/take”

processprocess Democracy sees each individual as equal, Democracy sees each individual as equal,

so their ideas are deemed equal.so their ideas are deemed equal. Coming to decisions Coming to decisions mustmust require compromise require compromise

Individual FreedomIndividual Freedom Ability of each person to do as they please Ability of each person to do as they please

as far as the “freedom of all” will allow.as far as the “freedom of all” will allow. Complete freedom would result in AnarchyComplete freedom would result in Anarchy

Democracy and the Free EnterpriseDemocracy and the Free Enterprise

U.S. commitment to freedom evident in their U.S. commitment to freedom evident in their economic systemeconomic system

Both firmly bases on concept of individual Both firmly bases on concept of individual freedomsfreedoms

Free Enterprise (4 key factors)Free Enterprise (4 key factors) Based on private ownership and private decisions in the Based on private ownership and private decisions in the

business worldbusiness world 4 Factors: private ownership, indiv. Initiative, profit, and 4 Factors: private ownership, indiv. Initiative, profit, and

competitioncompetition How the system worksHow the system works

Works according to the Works according to the Law of Supply/DemandLaw of Supply/Demand Supply up= prices down Supply down=prices upSupply up= prices down Supply down=prices up

Mixed Economy= Free/private enterprise Mixed Economy= Free/private enterprise w/government regulations/promotionw/government regulations/promotion Government plays a major role in U.S. economyGovernment plays a major role in U.S. economy

Laws, standards, ordinances, and codes must be met by Laws, standards, ordinances, and codes must be met by various private businessesvarious private businesses

Democracy and the InternetDemocracy and the Internet

Can be a great tool to help maintain Can be a great tool to help maintain democracy b/c it informs the people democracy b/c it informs the people on all sorts of political and social on all sorts of political and social subjectssubjects

Loads of access to information that Loads of access to information that may either be false or hard to verifymay either be false or hard to verify Makes it easy to falsify information and Makes it easy to falsify information and

post false claims about political/social post false claims about political/social subjectssubjects

Lesson ClosingLesson Closing

Read Close-up on supreme court Read Close-up on supreme court (pg.23)(pg.23) Answer Questions on back of notes Answer Questions on back of notes

guide to turn in for tomorrowguide to turn in for tomorrow Fill in Guided reading and reviewFill in Guided reading and review